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embracing God in all of life
SUPERNATURALS: BELIEVE IT OR
NOT!

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The supernatural is
something that cannot be
explained by scientific
understanding or the laws
of nature. Examples often
include characteristics of or
relating to ghosts, angels,
gods, souls and spirits, non-
material beings, or
anything else
considered beyond nature
like magic, miracles, etc.

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LESSON OBJECTIVES
• Identify various religious
practices and beliefs;
• Understand the self in
relation with religious beliefs;
and
• Explain ways of finding the
meaning of life.

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ABSTRACTION
• RELIGION
REBECCA STEIN (Stein
2011) works on the definition
of religion "as a set of cultural
beliefs and practices that
usually includes some or all of
the basic characteristics. These
are:
A belief in anthropomorphic
1.
supernatural being, such as
spirit and gods

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2. A focus on the sacred supernatural, where
sacred refers to a feeling of reverence and
awe.
3. The presence of supernatural power or
energy that is found on supernatural being
as well as physical beings and objects.
4. The performance of ritual activities that
involves the manipulation of sacred object
to communicate to supernatural beings
and/or to influence or control events.

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5.
6.
The articulation of
worldview and moral codes
through narratives and
other means
Provide the creation and
maintenance of social
bonds and mechanism of
social control within a
community; provide
explanation for unknown
and a sense of control for
individuals.

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RITUAL
It is the performance of
ceremonial acts prescribed
by a tradition or sacred
law. Ritual is a specific,
observable mode of
behavior exhibited by all
known societies. It is thus
possible to view ritual as a
way of defining or
describing humans.

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Cloa-.ra.cåerU9+U9 of RU-tx.a-..Cy
1.
2.
3.
a-co.
A feeling or emotion of
respect, awe, fascination, or
dread in relation to the
sacred
Dependence upon a belief
system that is usually
expressed in the language of
myth
Is symbolic in relation to its
reference

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Magic- (Illusions) oldest
performing arts in the worl
which audiences are enterta e
by staged tricks of seemingl
impossible using natural me
(Paranormal) among the mo
fascinating of ritual practices i
application of the belief that
supernatural power can be
compelled to act in certain wa
for good or evil purposes by
recourse to certain specified
formulas.
s

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Functions-
(Paranormal)
- avoidance or healing of
illness in humans
- seeking some "luck"
where the outcome is in
doubt or beyond factual
influence
(Illusions)
-captivates the audience
with expert showmanship
-promotes and advances
the art of staged magic

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Witchcraft-An explanation o
events based on the belief tha
certain individuals possess an
innate psychic power capable
of causing harm, including
sickness and death.
Functions - Effective way for
people to explain a personal
misfortune without having to
shoulder any blame to
themselves. Provides an outlet
for feelings of hostility and
frustration without disturbing
the norms of the larger group

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SOME WORLD RELIGIOUS
BELIEFS & PRACTICES
BUDDHISM
Buddhcgs praying at the ternole Wat Flirathat
Chiare Maj, Thaland,

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BELIEFS
• Buddhism is a tradition that focuses on
personal spiritual development. Buddhists
strive for a deep insight into the true nature
of life and do not worship gods or deities.
• Buddhists believe in rebirth and
reincarnation, and that if a person releases
their attachment to desire and the self, they
can attain Nirvana, a state of liberation and
freedom from suffering.

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CUSTOMS AND PRACTICES
2 types of meditation practices: Samatha &
Vipassana
Samatha is practiced as mindfulness of
breathing and development of loving
kindness. (Metta Bhavana)
Vipassana — aim at developing insight into
reality. Acquiring wisdom is by studying
Buddha's teaching, the Dharma.

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Through the reflection of Dharma,
Buddhists can achieve a deeper
understanding of life. Buddhists
believe in non-violence principle.

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DHARMA
WHEEL
Right mindfulness
(control your thoughts
Right concentration
(practice meditation)
Right effort
(resist evil)
Right view (know the
truth)
Right livelihood (respect
life)
Right intentions
(free your mind of
evil)
Right speech (say
nothing that hurts
other)
Right action (work
for the good of
others)

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Some of the major Buddhist celebrations are
Parinirvana Day in February; Buddha Day
(Wesak) in May; Dharma day in July;
Padmasambhava Day in October; and
Sanga Day in November.
(€19

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• The day is about death and rebirth, and
marks the day the Buddha died. Before
that he spent 40 years teaching after his
enlightenment. This enlightenment is what
is now known as Nirvana, which literally
means to extinguish — a state reached
when all suffering and desire is gone.

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Wesak Day marks the three major events in Buddha's life, namely his birth,
his enlightenment and his achievement of Nirvana. The commemoration of
these events on Wesak Day usually begins at dawn at Buddhist temples
throughout the country. Devotees gather to meditate on the Eight Precepts.
Monks in saffron colored robes chant the sutras in unison. A candle
procession is the highlight of the celebration, and at the same time, offerings
of prayers, joss sticks, and incense, giving food to the needy and donations
are also made. Much to the delight of all devout Buddhists (and those non-
celebrating as well) in Malaysia, Wesak Day is considered one of the
national public holidays.

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CHRISTIANITY
Christianity is the
world's biggest religion,
with about 2.1 billion
followers worldwide. It
is based on the
teachings of Jesus Christ
who lived in the Holy
Land 2,000 years ago.

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uo!unwwoo ÅIOH
ws!ldeg ÅIOH
S301-LOVUd aNV swoxsno

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HINDUISM
Portrait of Vishu
Portrait of Shri Radha-Krishna

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Most Hindus believe in a Supreme God, whose
qualities and forms are represented by deities
which emanate from him; that existence is a
cycle of birth, death and rebirth governed by
Karma and that the soul passes through a
cycle of successive lives (reincarnation)
Vedas are sacred scriptures of Hindus.
Mahabharata and Ramayana are two other
important texts of the Hindus.

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