Yoga mats in a room. YOGA, PHYSICAL EXERCISE AND FITNESS. 

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MARY ANN S. PILLARDA,Ed.D.
Associate professor V

objectives. After learning this unit, you will be able to: · Describe the meaning, aims and objectives of Yoga · State the scope of and importance of Yoga · Know the benefits and types of yoga · Understand the concept of physical exercise difference between physical exercise and yoga. 

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After learning this unit, you will be able to: 

 · Describe the meaning, aims and objectives of Yoga 

 · State the scope of and importance of Yoga 

 · Know the benefits and types of yoga 

 · Understand the concept of physical exercise difference between physical exercise and yoga

Meaning -Yoga refers to a wide range of bodily postures that have been transmitted by teachers in India for thousands of years. Many of these postures or asana have been defined by the classic Hatha Yoga tradition,.
The tradition in which the word Yoga comes from Hatha means union, “Ha” means sun “tha” means moon. Therefore “Hatha Yoga” means a balanced union, a system for creating the balanced well being of the total person as Yoga joins the mind, body, and spirit into a balanced whole.. 

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A Buddha figurine with a person sitting on the background holding a beaded necklace

Meaning 

-Yoga refers to a wide range of bodily postures that have been transmitted by teachers in India for thousands of years.

Many of these postures or asana have been defined by the classic Hatha Yoga tradition,.
The tradition in which the word Yoga comes from Hatha means union, 
          “Ha” means sun 
                    “tha” means moon. 
Therefore “Hatha Yoga” means a balanced union, a system for creating the balanced well being of the total person as Yoga joins the mind, body, and spirit into a balanced whole.

Meaning. While we are on the path to achieve our highest spiritual potential, asana practice promotes structural stability, physiological immunity, and emotional health, as it helps us restore and develop balance, stability, strength, flexibility, skeletal alignment, and mechanical freedom.. 

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While we are on the path to achieve our highest spiritual potential, asana practice promotes structural stability, physiological immunity, and emotional health, as it helps us restore and develop balance, stability, strength, flexibility, skeletal alignment, and mechanical freedom.

“Checking the impulses of mind is yoga” -Patanjali “Yoga is attaining the pose” -Ved vyas, “Yoga is skill in actions.” -Lord Krishna.. 

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“Checking the impulses of mind is yoga”                -Patanjali 
“Yoga is attaining the pose”                                     -Ved vyas, 
“Yoga is skill in actions.”                                          -Lord Krishna.

“Yoga is the way or method through which internal and external facilities of man meet in totality and changes occur and by which may achieve God or feel his existence and may become the part of Him”. -Sri Aurobindo,. 

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““Yoga is that method or activity (sadhna) by which we realize the oneness of human soul with god and human meet God and feel its knowledge (Gyan).” -Swami Shiva Nandji

“The meeting of human being with God is Yoga.”  -Nukeshwar Majumdar,

“Yoga is the way or method through which internal and external facilities of man meet in totality and changes occur and by which may achieve God or feel his existence and may become the part of Him”. -Sri Aurobindo,

origin. Yoga is the stilling of the changing states of mind. The origins of Yoga are a matter of debate. It may have pre-Vedic origins.. 

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Yoga is the stilling of the changing states of mind. 

 The origins of Yoga are a matter of debate. 

 It may have pre-Vedic origins.

Terminology. In Vedic Sanskrit, the meaning of word Yoga is “to add”, “to join”, “to unite” or “to attach”. 

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In Vedic Sanskrit, the meaning of word Yoga is “to add”, “to join”, “to unite” or “to attach”

Aims and objectives of yoga. Yoga mats in a room. 

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The aim of yoga is control over the mind.      - A man who cannot control his mind will find it difficult to attain divine communion, but the self-controlled man can attain it if he tries hard and directs his energy by the right means.

Aims and objectives of yoga. The main aim of yoga is integrating the body, mind, and thoughts so as to work for good ends. - Modern lifestyle leads to diseases, which are mostly due to poor food habits, heavy daily routines and to air and water pollution in turn easily affect the used to preserve are to destroy. With a matchstick one can light a candle and illuminate the house.. 

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The main aim of yoga is integrating the body, mind, and thoughts so as to work for good ends.             - Modern lifestyle leads to diseases, which are mostly due to poor food habits, heavy daily routines and to air and water pollution in turn easily affect the used to preserve are to destroy. With a matchstick one can light a candle and illuminate the house.

Aims and objectives of yoga. The main objectives of the Yogic practices are to make one free from diseases, EIGHT LIMBS OF YOGA (Astanga Yoga) ignorance, egoism, miseries the affiliations of old age, and fear of death, etc.. 

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The main objectives of the Yogic practices are to make one free from diseases, EIGHT LIMBS OF YOGA (Astanga Yoga) ignorance, egoism, miseries the affiliations of old age, and fear of death, etc.

Ashtanga Yoga forms the core of Patanjali’s Yoga Sutras. “Ashta” means eight and “Anga” means limbs. The term means “The Eight Limbs Of Yoga” and refers to the eight-limbed path that forms the framework for the practice of yoga.. 

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Ashtanga Yoga forms the core of Patanjali’s Yoga Sutras. “Ashta” means  eight and “Anga” means  limbs.  The term means “The Eight Limbs Of Yoga” and refers to the eight-limbed path that forms the framework for the practice of yoga.

EiGHT LIMBS OF YOGA (Astanga Yoga). There are eight limbs of yoga to secure purity of body, mind and soul. 1. Yama (abstinences) 2. Niyama (observances) 3. Asana (yoga postures) 4. Pranayama (breath control) 5. Prathyaghara (withdrawal of the senses) 6. Dharana (concentration) 7. Dhyana (meditation) 8. Samadhi (absorption/ Bliss or enlightenment). 

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There are eight limbs of yoga to secure purity of body, mind and soul.   1. Yama (abstinences)  2. Niyama (observances) 3. Asana (yoga postures) 4. Pranayama (breath control) 5. Prathyaghara (withdrawal of the senses) 6. Dharana (concentration)  7. Dhyana (meditation) 8. Samadhi (absorption/ Bliss or enlightenment)

EiGHT LIMBS OF YOGA (Astanga Yoga). 1. Yama or Universal Morality Yama is concerned with the attitude we have towards people and our interaction with the world outside us. Yama is more concerned with ethics, integrity, and how we apply the principles of yoga in our daily life.. 

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1. Yama or Universal Morality

 Yama is concerned with the attitude we have towards people and our interaction with the world outside us. 

 Yama is more concerned with ethics, integrity, and how we apply the principles of yoga in our daily life.

1. Yama or Universal Morality. 5 Yamas are: Ahimsa- means nonviolence Satya- truthfulness and honesty Asteya- non-stealing communication being the foundation of a healthy relationship. Brahmacharya-moderation of the senses/right use of energy Aparigraha- non-greed. 

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5 Yamas are:
 Ahimsa- means nonviolence Satya- truthfulness and honesty Asteya-  non-stealing communication being the foundation of a healthy relationship.  Brahmacharya-moderation of the senses/right use of energy
 Aparigraha- non-greed

EiGHT LIMBS OF YOGA (Astanga Yoga). 2. Niyama or Personal Observance Niyama encapsulates personal mode of conduct, self-discipline, actions towards ourselves and spiritual observance. Someone who chooses to practice Niyama wishes to advance further on the yogic path and wants to build character.. 

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2. Niyama or Personal Observance

 Niyama encapsulates personal mode of conduct, self-discipline, actions towards ourselves and spiritual observance. 

 Someone who chooses to practice Niyama wishes to advance further on the yogic path and wants to build character.

Five types of Niyama. “Saucha” which means purity and cleanliness. Santosha or Contentment. We should understand that there is a deep meaning to everything and accept life’s challenges while being satisfied with what life serves us. Tapas or the disciplined use of our energy directs us towards realizing our single-minded goal of uniting with the divine. Swadhaya which pertains to self-reflection and self-awareness. It includes studying the nature of one’s own mind and perceiving the true nature of one’s reality. Isvarapranidhana is the fifth and the last Niyama. It connotes the realization of a higher power guiding us through life.. 

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“Saucha” which means purity and cleanliness.  Santosha or Contentment. We should understand that there is a deep meaning to everything and accept life’s challenges while being satisfied with what life serves us. Tapas or the disciplined use of our energy directs us towards realizing our single-minded goal of uniting with the divine. Swadhaya which pertains to self-reflection and self-awareness. It includes studying the nature of one’s own mind and perceiving the true nature of one’s reality.   Isvarapranidhana is the fifth and the last Niyama. It connotes the realization of a higher power guiding us through life.

EiGHT LIMBS OF YOGA (Astanga Yoga). 3. Asanas or Body Postures literally means staying or abiding. Asanas provide a medium to calm the mind and channelize our emotions, intent, focus, faith and unity with our divine self.. 

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3. Asanas or Body Postures

 literally means staying or abiding. 

 Asanas provide a medium to calm the mind and channelize our emotions, intent, focus, faith and unity with our divine self.

EiGHT LIMBS OF YOGA (Astanga Yoga). 4. Pranayama- Breathing Techniques The word “prana” translates to energy or the source of life. It is defined as the essence of life or the energy in the universe around us. ‘Prana’ also refers to our breath and “Pranayama” to breath control. This includes inhalation, holding the breath and exhalations, intent, focus, faith and unity with our divine self.. 

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4. Pranayama- Breathing Techniques

 The word “prana” translates to energy or the source of life. 

 It is defined as the essence of life or the energy in the universe around us. 

 ‘Prana’ also refers to our breath and “Pranayama” to breath control. This includes inhalation, holding the breath and exhalations, intent, focus, faith and unity with our divine self.

EiGHT LIMBS OF YOGA (Astanga Yoga). 5. Pratyahara or Control Of The Senses “Pratya” means to withdraw. “Pratyahara” refers to the withdrawal of the five senses which means making a conscious effort to take our awareness away from the external world. We cultivate a sense of detachment and focus inwards. At this stage of yoga, we are able to take a step back and experience the inner domain of the mind.. 

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5. Pratyahara or Control Of The Senses

 “Pratya” means to withdraw. “Pratyahara” refers to the withdrawal of the five senses which means making a conscious effort to take our awareness away from the external world. 

 We cultivate a sense of detachment and focus inwards.

 At this stage of yoga, we are able to take a step back and experience the inner domain of the mind.

EiGHT LIMBS OF YOGA (Astanga Yoga). 6. Dharana or Meditative Absorption “Dharana” means focused concentration. As we master the state of Pratyahara, it prepares us for Dharana. Having withdrawn ourselves from outside distractions, we can now deal with the distraction of the mind. This phase of concentration precedes that of meditation.. 

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6. Dharana or Meditative Absorption
  “Dharana” means focused concentration. As we master the state of Pratyahara, it prepares us for Dharana. Having withdrawn ourselves from outside distractions, we can now deal with the distraction of the mind. This phase of concentration precedes that of meditation.

ELGHT LIMBS OF YOGA (Astanga Yoga). [image]. 7. Dhyana or Meditation “Dhyana” is meditation or perfect contemplation. Prolonged practice of Dharana leads to Dhyana or complete absorption in the object of meditation. In the state of meditation, the mind becomes still and there are very few or no thoughts at all.. 

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7. Dhyana or Meditation
  “Dhyana” is meditation or perfect contemplation. Prolonged practice of Dharana leads to Dhyana or complete absorption in the object of meditation.  In the state of meditation, the mind becomes still and there are very few or no thoughts at all.

EiGHT LIMBS OF YOGA (Astanga Yoga). 8. Samadhi or Enlightenment The final stage of this journey of Ashtanga Yoga. The practitioner experiences a profound connection with the divine and interconnectedness with the universe.. 

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8. Samadhi or Enlightenment

 The final stage of this journey of Ashtanga Yoga.

 The practitioner experiences a profound connection with the divine and interconnectedness with the universe.

Yoga concerns itself with the evolution of the mind. The highest goal of the practice of yoga is our spiritual transformation accompanied by a state of perfect tranquility. The eight limbs of yoga are not strictly compartmentalized. They merge with one another and each is a part of the holistic approach to bring about a sense of completeness within us.. 

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Yoga concerns itself with the evolution of the mind. 

The highest goal of the practice of yoga is our spiritual transformation accompanied by a state of perfect tranquility.

The eight limbs of yoga are not strictly compartmentalized. They merge with one another and each is a part of the holistic approach to bring about a sense of completeness within us.

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Check your Understanding:. 1. It Yoga refers to a wide range of bodily postures that have been transmitted by teachers in India for thousands of years.. 

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1. It Yoga refers to a wide range of bodily postures that have been transmitted by teachers in India for thousands of years.

Check your Understanding:. 2. It is more concerned with ethics, integrity, and how we apply the principles of yoga in our daily life.. 

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2. It is more concerned with ethics, integrity, and how we apply the principles of yoga in our daily life.

Check your Understanding:. 3. At this stage of yoga, we are able to take a step back and experience the inner domain of the mind.. 

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3. At this stage of yoga, we are able to take a step back and experience the inner domain of the mind.

Check your Understanding:. 4. It literally means staying or abiding.. 

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4. It  literally means staying or abiding.

Check your Understanding:. 5. Prolonged practice of this leads to complete absorption in the object of meditation.. 

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5. Prolonged practice of this  leads to complete absorption in the object of meditation.

Check your Understanding:. 6. It is defined as the essence of life or the energy in the universe around us.. 

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6. It is defined as the essence of life or the energy in the universe around us.

Check your Understanding:. 7. It encapsulates personal mode of conduct, self-discipline, actions towards ourselves and spiritual observance.. 

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7. It encapsulates personal mode of conduct, self-discipline, actions towards ourselves and spiritual observance.

Check your Understanding:. 8. The final stage of this journey of Yoga.. 

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8. The final stage of this journey of Yoga.

Check your Understanding:. 9. The main objectives of the Yogic practices are to make one free from diseases. A. True B. False. 

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9. The main objectives of the Yogic practices are to make one free from diseases.

 A. True 

 B. False

Check your Understanding:. 10. Which of the following is NOT one of the Eight Limbs of Yoga? A) Yama B) Niyama C) Asana D) Pranayama E) Tantra. 

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10. Which of the following is NOT one of the Eight Limbs of Yoga?
 A) Yama B) Niyama C) Asana D) Pranayama E) Tantra

Check your Understanding. A Buddha figurine with a person sitting on the background holding a beaded necklace. 

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11. Which limb involves the practice of meditation and deep contemplation?
 A) Dhyana B) Pratyahara C) Dharana D) Yama

Check your Understanding. 12. Which limb is often described as the ultimate goal of yoga practice, representing a state of enlightenment and unity? A) Samadhi B) Dharana C) Asana D) Pranayama. 

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12. Which limb is often described as the ultimate goal of yoga practice, representing a state of enlightenment and unity?
 A) Samadhi B) Dharana C) Asana D) Pranayama

Check your Understanding. Close up image of hands applauding. 

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13. In yoga philosophy, “Dharana” refers to which practice?
 A) Concentration B) Moral guidelines C) Breath regulation D) Withdrawal of the senses

Check your Understanding. 14. The limb of “Pratyahara” deals with which of the following? A) Control of the senses B) Ethical living C) Physical postures D) Breath control. 

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14. The limb of “Pratyahara” deals with which of the following?
 A) Control of the senses B) Ethical living C) Physical postures D) Breath control

Check your Understanding. 15. What does the term “Yama” refer to in the Eight Limbs of Yoga? A) Physical postures B) Ethical guidelines C) Breathing techniques D) Meditation practices. 

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15. What does the term “Yama” refer to in the Eight Limbs of Yoga?
 A) Physical postures B) Ethical guidelines C) Breathing techniques D) Meditation practices

TRUE OR FALSE:. 1. ___________ The limb of “Yama” focuses on self-discipline and personal observances. 2._________“Niyama” includes practices like cleanliness and contentment.. 

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1. ___________ The limb of “Yama” focuses on self-discipline and personal observances.

 2._________“Niyama” includes practices like cleanliness and contentment.

TRUE OR FALSE:. 3. ___________ The limb of “Yama” focuses on self-discipline and personal observances. 4. ____________The limb of “Dharana” precedes “Dhyana” in the meditative process.. 

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3. ___________ The limb of “Yama” focuses on self-discipline and personal observances.

 4. ____________The limb of “Dharana” precedes “Dhyana” in the meditative process.

TRUE OR FALSE:. 5. ___________ “Pranayama” is a limb that deals with mental focus and concentration. 6. ____________The practice of “Asana” is concerned with ethical behavior and moral values. .. 

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5. ___________ “Pranayama” is a limb that deals with mental focus and concentration. 
 6. ____________The practice of “Asana” is concerned with ethical behavior and moral values. .

TRUE OR FALSE:. 7. ___________ Samadhi” is often referred to as the state of bliss or self-realization in yoga. 8. ___________“Yama” includes practices such as non-violence, truthfulness, and non-stealing.. 

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7. ___________ Samadhi” is often referred to as the state of bliss or self-realization in yoga.

 8. ___________“Yama” includes practices such as non-violence, truthfulness, and non-stealing.

TRUE OR FALSE:. 9. ___________Dhyana” involves active concentration on a single object or thought. 10. __________“Pratyahara” is about withdrawing from external distractions and sensory inputs.. 

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9. ___________Dhyana” involves active concentration on a single object or thought. 
 10. __________“Pratyahara” is about withdrawing from external distractions and sensory inputs.

Matching Type:. Column A Column B Ahimsa a. non-greed 2.)Satya b. moderation of the senses/right use of energy 3.) Asteya c. non-stealing communication being the foundation of a healthy relationship. 4.) Brahmacharya d. Truthfulness and honesty 5.)Aparigraha e. means nonviolence. 

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Column A Column B Ahimsa a. non-greed
 2.)Satya b. moderation of the senses/right use of energy
 3.) Asteya c. non-stealing communication being the foundation of a healthy relationship.  4.) Brahmacharya
 d. Truthfulness and honesty 5.)Aparigraha
 e. means nonviolence

Enumeration:. 1-8. What are the 8 limbs of yoga? 9-13. What are the 5 Yamas or Universal Morality? 14-15. What are the tradition in which the word Yoga comes from which means sun and moon?. 

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1-8. What are the 8 limbs of yoga? 9-13. What are the 5 Yamas or Universal Morality? 14-15. What are the tradition in which the word Yoga comes from which means sun and moon?

References:. https://www.ekhartyoga.com/articles/philosophy/the-8-limbs-of-yoga-explained https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G7D4EcZqUsE&list=PLeqmzcNP6QYAgIoZZXDg9d38lYulDSJiy&index=5 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j7rKKpwdXNE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1_Bgzdi4XX4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vu_NnDWxKY4. 

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https://www.ekhartyoga.com/articles/philosophy/the-8-limbs-of-yoga-explained
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G7D4EcZqUsE&list=PLeqmzcNP6QYAgIoZZXDg9d38lYulDSJiy&index=5 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j7rKKpwdXNE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1_Bgzdi4XX4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vu_NnDWxKY4

YOGA, PHYSICAL EXERCISE AND FITNESS

 https://www.ekhartyoga.com/articles/philosophy/the-8-limbs-of-yoga-explained
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G7D4EcZqUsE&list=PLeqmzcNP6QYAgIoZZXDg9d38lYulDSJiy&index=5 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j7rKKpwdXNE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1_Bgzdi4XX4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vu_NnDWxKY4

