Slide 1

[Virtual Presenter] Microorganisms Commonly Used In INDUSTRY by DR. mohammad kafeel A ANSARI Email [email protected].

[Virtual Presenter] microorganisms What are microorganisms? Microorganisms are the diverse group of the following organisms: Algae Bacteria Fungi Protozoa Virus What are Industrial Microorganisms? There are various types of microorganisms that are used for large scale production of industrial items. Examples: Aspergillus, Corynebacterium et cetera.

[Virtual Presenter] Microorganisms Of Industrial IMPORTANCE AND THEIR PRODUCTS Microbial specie Products/usage Penicillium, Streptomyces, Bacillus Antibiotics Recombinant E coli, S cerevisiae Insulin Rhizopus, Arthrobacter Steroids S cerevisiae Ethanol Clostridium acetobutylicum Acetone & Butanol Aspergillus, Bacillus Enzymes Corynebacterium glutanicum Amino acids Aspergillus niger Organic acids Corynebacterium glutanicum Nucleotides Methanobacterium Methane Zymomonas, Thermoanaerobacteria Ethane Lactobacillus bulgaricus Yoghurt production.

[Audio] Properties Of Useful Industrial Microorganisms The ability of specific microorganisms to produce specialized enzymes and proteins has been exploited for many purposes in industry. Industrial microorganisms are used to produce many things, including food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Microorganisms can be genetically modified or engineered to aid in large scale production. Therefore, amenable to genetic manipulation. They grow rapidly on a large scale in inexpensive medium. We can produce desired product quickly. They should not be pathogenic. They should have fast growing ability..

[Audio] Industrial Products Antibiotics Amino Acids Beverages Biofules Dairy products Enzymes Organic acids Organic solvents Pharmaceutical Drugs Single Cell Protein (S-C-P--) Steroids Vitamins.

[Audio] ANTIBIOTICS ANTIBIOTICS (Greek; Anti=against, Bios=life)-is from antibiosis, means against life. The term “Antibiotics” was suggested by Dr Selman A Waksman in 1942. Alexander Fleming discovered the first antibiotic in 1928. Antibiotics are also called as antibacterial substances which are either derived from the microorganisms (Bacteria and Fungi) or produced synthetically (sulphonamide) that suppress the growth of other harmful microorganism . It is well established that most of antibiotics are based on naturally occurring compounds..

[Audio] Contd… Antibiotics produced by microbes are regarded was one of the most significant discoveries of the twentieth century and have made major contributions towards the welfare of human society. Many antibiotics are produced by microorganisms, predominantly by Actinomycetes in the genus Streptomycin (for example Tetracycline, Streptomycin, Actinomycin D) and by filamentous fungi (for example Penicillin, Cephalosporin)..

CONTD…..

[Audio] amino acids What are Amino Acids? Amino acid any of a group of organic molecules that consist of a basic amino group (―NH2), an acidic carboxyl group (―COOH), and an organic R group (or side chain). Amino acids such as Lysine and Glutamic acid are used in the food industry as nutritional supplements in bread products and as flavor enhancing compounds such as Monosodium Glutamate (M-S-G--). Amino acids are generally synthesized as primary metabolites by microbes. However, when the rate and amount of synthesis of some amino acids exceed the cell’s need for protein synthesis, then cell excrete them into the surrounding medium..

[Audio] Amino Acids Producing Bacteria. AMINO ACIDS PRODUCING BACTERIA.

[Audio] Beverages Microbes especially yeast has been used from time immemorial for the production of beverages like wine, beer, whiskey, brandy or rum. For this purpose, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used for fermenting malted cereals and fruit juices to produce ethanol..

[Audio] Contd... Wine producing bacteria Acetobacter cerevisiae Lactobacillus bucheri Actobacillus hilgardii Lactobacillus kunkeei Fungi Cyberlindnera mrakii Pichia fermentans.

[Audio] Dairy Products Microbes are used in dairy industry to make dairy product such as bread, curd, cheese, kefir, kumies, yogurt and various types of milk products. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Streptococcus sp, Penicillium roqueforti, P.camemberti, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus sp,candida sp..

[Audio] BIOFUELS What are Biofuels? Biofuels are liquid fuels that have been developed from other materials such as plants or animal waste matter. In 1970's and 1980's, E-P-A situated in America suggested that fuel should be free from sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. In 1890's, Rudolf Diesel was a first person who made biodiesel from vegetable oil. In 1998, E-P-A allowed the production of biofuel on commercial level which was the alternative source of the petrol. In 2010, the production of biofuels reaches up to 105 billion liters worldwide. In 2011, European countries were the largest that made biodiesel almost about 53%. The international Energy Agency set a goal to reduce the usage of petroleum and coal and will be switched on to biofuels till 2050..

[Audio] Biofuels Feedstock Algae Corn Camelina. BIOFUELS FEEDSTOCK Algae Corn Camelina.

[Audio] CLASSIFICATION OF BIOFUELS Ist GENERATION BIOFUELS Also called conventional biofuels. It includes sugar, starch, or vegetable oil. IInd GENERATION BIOFUELS It is known as advanced biofuels and can be manufactured from different types of biomass. The biomass contains lignocellulosic material like wood, straw and waste plastic. IIIrd GENERATION BIOFUELS Extract from algae mostly marine algae..

[Audio] Ethanol & Petroleum BIOFULES Ethanol Biofuels Ethanol is a major industrial commodity chemical. Over 60 billion litters of alcohol are produced yearly from the fermentation of feedstocks Gasohol (gasoline plus alcohol). Petroleum Biofuels Production of butanol. Synthesis of petroleum from green algae..

CONTD...

[Audio] Enzymes Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts. Catalysts accelerate chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products. Many microbes synthesize and excrete large quantities of enzymes into the surrounding medium. Using this feature of these tiny organisms, many enzymes have been produced commercially. These include Amylase, Cellulase, Protease, Lipase, Pectinase, Streptokinase, and many others. Enzymes are extensively used in food processing and preservation, washing powders, leather industry, paper industry and in scientific research..