22 CSIS01P Introduction to Information Systems. Information Systems Concepts Building Blocks.
Why Learn About Information Systems in Organizations?.
Data:. Raw facts. Information:. Collection of facts organized and processed in such a way that they have value beyond the individual facts themselves.
Data Into Information. 4.
What is information?. Information is a collection of facts.
Information system (IS) is a set of interrelated elements that:.
Defining an Information System. 7.
Input, Processing, Output, Feedback. 8. Input: Activity of gathering and capturing raw data Processing: Converting data into useful outputs Output: Production of useful information, usually in the form of documents and reports Feedback: Information from the system that is used to make changes to input or processing activities.
The Value of Information. 9. H elps decision makers achieve their organization’s goals H elp s people and their organizations perform tasks more efficiently and effectively.
The Characteristics of Valuable Information. 10. To be useful to managers, information should have some or possibly all of the following characteristics:.
12.
Roles, Functions and Careers in IS. 12. Primary responsibilities in information systems: Systems development: Focuses on specific development projects and ongoing maintenance and review Operations: System operators primarily run and maintain IS equipment.
Support:. Provides user assistance in hardware and software acquisition and use, data administration, user training and assistance, and Web administration.
Careers in Information Systems. 14. Image result for careers in information technology.
Manual vs. Computer-based. Computer-Based Information Systems (CBIS).
CBIS Business Cycle. Image3. No Paper Work. CBIS.
CBIS Building Blocks. 17.
o, qec,• System Activities Control of System Performance Input of Data Resources Processing Data into Information Output of Information Products Storage of Data Resources Network Resources Communications Media and Network Support.
[Audio] Computer equipment used to perform input, processing and output activities. Input devices: include keyboards, mice, automatic scanning devices and Optical Character Recognition ( OCR). Processing devices: include computer chips that contain the Central Processing Unit ( CPU) and main memory. Output devices: include computer screens, speakers and printers..
[Audio] Consists of the computer programs that manage the operation of the computer – Two types of software: System Software – controls basic computer operations, including start-up, input and output. An example is Microsoft Windows. Application Software – allow you to accomplish specific tasks, including word processing and drawing charts. An example is Microsoft Excel..
[Audio] A database is an organized collection of facts and information, typically consisting of two or more related data files An organization's database can contain information on customers, employees, inventory, competitors' sales, online purchases and much more.
[Audio] 4. Telecommunications Telecommunication Electronic transmission of signals for communications, which enables organizations to carry out their processes and tasks through computer networks Networks Connect computers and equipment in a building, around the country, or around the world The Internet is the world's largest computer network, actually consisting of thousands of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging information.
[Audio] Intranet: Internal network that allows people within an organization/ institution to exchange information/ resources and work on projects Extranet: Network that allows selected outsiders, such as business partners and customers, to access authorized resources of a company's intranet.
[Audio] Network Types Personal Area Network ( PAN) The smallest network. It is made up of a wireless modem, a computer or two, phones, printers, etc., and revolves around one person in one building. Typically found in small offices or residences. Managed by one person or organization from a single device. Local Area Network ( LAN) One of the most common types of networks. It connects groups of computers and devices together across short distances (within a building or between a group of two or three buildings in close proximity to each other) to share information and resources. Enterprises typically manage and maintain LANs..
[Audio] Metropolitan Area Network ( MAN) A computer network that interconnects users with computer resources in a geographic area or region larger than that covered by even a large local area network ( LAN) but smaller than the area covered by a wide area network (WAN). Wide Area Network (WAN) Slightly more complex than a LAN, it connects computers together across longer physical distances (miles apart). The Internet is the most basic example of a WAN..
[Audio] Computing environment in which the software and storage are provided as an Internet service and accessed with a Web browser. Types: - Infrastructure-as- a-Service ( IaaS) - Platform-as-a-Service ( PaaS) - Software-as-a-Service ( SaaS).
[Audio] No software to install or upgrades to maintain. • Available from any computer that has access to the Internet. • Can scale to a large number of users easily. • New applications can be up and running very quickly. • Services can be leased for a limited time on an as-needed basis. • Your information is not lost if your hard disk crashes or your laptop is stolen..
[Audio] People are the most important element in most computer-based information systems The people involved include users of the system and information systems personnel, including all the people who manage, run, program, and maintain the system.
[Audio] Procedures include the strategies, methods, and rules for using the CBIS, including the operation, maintenance and security of the computer Good procedures can help companies take advantage of new opportunities and avoid potential disasters Poorly developed and inadequately implemented procedures can cause people to waste their time or result in inadequate responses to disasters.
[Audio] How successful the IS has been in achieving its goals. Some approaches to evaluating IS include: Productivity – examine how output has changed since implementation Return on Investment – examine how profits have increased Market Share – examine the change in market share since implementation Customer Awareness and Satisfaction – possibly qualitative measure of satisfaction.
[Audio] Effectiveness vs. Efficiency Effectiveness is doing the objective correctly. Efficiency can be defined as, using the resources optimally where resources could be memory, CPU, time, files, connections, databases etc..
[Audio] Competing with Information Technology. Competing with Information Technology.
Competitive Forces and Strategies. 33. 8 Cost Leadership Differentiation Innovation Growth Alliance Other Strategies Threat of Bargaining Bargaining Rivalry of New Threat of Power of Power of Competitors Entrants Substitutes Customers Suppliers Competitive Forces.
[Audio] If a business wants to succeed, it must develop strategies to counter these forces: Challenge of competitors within its industry Threat of new entrants into an industry and its markets Threat posed by substitute products which might capture market share Bargaining power of customers Bargaining power of suppliers.
[Audio] 1. Cost Leadership Become low-cost producers Help suppliers or customers reduce costs Increase cost to competitors Example, Priceline uses online seller bidding, so buyer sets the price 2. Differentiation Strategy Develop ways to differentiate a firm's products from its competitors Can focus on particular segment or role of market Example, Moen uses online customer design.
[Audio] Innovation Strategy Find new ways of doing business Unique products or services Unique markets Radical changes to business processes to alter the fundamental structure of an industry Example, Amazon uses online full-service customer systems 4. Growth Strategy Expand company's capacity to produce Expand into global markets Diversify into new products or services Example, Wal-Mart uses merchandise ordering by global satellite tracking.
[Audio] 5. Alliance Strategy Establish linkages and associations with customers, suppliers, competitors, consultants and other companies Includes merges, acquisitions, joint ventures, virtual companies.
[Audio] 1. Lock in customers and suppliers Prevent them from switching to competitors And lock out competitors Build in switching costs Make customers and suppliers dependent on the use of innovative IS 2. Barriers to entry Discourage or delay other companies from entering market Increase the technology or investment needed to enter.
[Audio] The strategies are not mutually exclusive Organizations use one, some or all.
[Audio] One of the most important implementations of competitive strategies is called BPR or Reengineering: Fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve improvements in cost, quality, speed and service BPR combines a strategy of promoting business innovation with a strategy of making major improvements to business processes so that a company can become a much stronger and more successful competitor in the marketplace Potential payback is high Risk of failure is also high.
[Audio] Cultural and language challenges Time and distance challenges Infrastructure challenges Currency challenges Product and service challenges Technology transfer issues State, regional, and national laws.
[Audio] Data and information Characteristics: accessible and verifiable Feedback and knowledge Intranet and extranet PAN and LAN Effectiveness and efficiency SaaS and IaaS.
[Audio] Components of information systems 4 characteristics of valuable information Features of information systems Network types Competitive strategies Advantages of cloud computing.
[Audio] Converting data into useful outputs. Collection of facts organized and processed in such a way that they have value beyond the individual facts themselves. Awareness and understanding of a set of information. Single set of hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures. Information from the system that is used to make changes to input or processing activities. Raw facts. Information is delivered when it is needed..
[Audio] Fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve improvements in cost, quality, speed and service. Using the resources optimally where resources could be memory, CPU, time and databases. A computer network that is covers an area larger than LAN but smaller than WAN. A competitive strategy that establishes linkages and associations with customers, suppliers, competitors, and companies to include mergers and acquisitions..
[Audio] Expand company's capacity to produce and expand into global markets are examples of ----- competitive strategy. Single set of hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information is called -----. ----- is doing the objective correctly. Lock in customers and suppliers is considered -----. Becoming low-cost producers or increasing cost to competitors are examples of ----- competitive strategy. Internet is an example of a ----- network. Productivity, return on Investment and market Share are approaches to evaluate -----..