Name: Colorful Retro Vintage Illustration Animated Medical Technology Education Science Presentation
Uploaded: 2022-04-19
Duration: 15 min 45 s
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The adult cat dental formula is i(3/3)c(1/1)pm ((1-2)/2)m (1/1) for a total of 30 adult teeth.

The mandibular pm and pm2 are missing leaving a large diastema distal to the canine tooth. The carnassial teeth are bladelike for more efficiency. Their permanent incisors erupt at about 3.5 months, canines at 5.5 months, premolars at 4.5 months and molars at 5-6 months

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Bear dentition is robust having the dental formula: ¡(3/3)c(1/1)pm((3-4)/(3-4))m(2/3) with a total of 34-42 teeth. The smaller premolars and robust large molars have cusps modified to accommodate the highly varied omnivore diet (Bowen, 2002)

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ICD (maxillary) = 2-6 cm ICD (mandibular) =  1.1 to 5.2 cm

ICD- 3.4-9.6 cm
Grizzley bear
1.S•.9.1 cm

ICD (maxillary) = 3.4 -9.6 cm ICD (mandibular) =  1.5 to 9.1 cm

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The rodent dentition is rather simple: i(1/1)c(0/0)pm (0/0 )m (3/3) The incisors will continue to grow unless worn by function and can actually impede chewing.

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At-risk children 5 years old or less who typically reside in suboptimal living conditions will often be bit on the hands and face.

Rodent bitemarks on the arm of an infant.

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The sheer magnitude of evidence collection in a case with multiple animals and multiple bitemarks would be difficult at best in the field. Therefore, whenever possible, forensic odontologists should work in a controlled environment with the appropriate support staff and equipment. Consents, court orders, and permissions vary according to the circumstances and jurisdiction. Work closely with medical examiners, law enforcement, and the judicial system within the appropriate jurisdiction to obtain the necessary legal consents for evidence collection. Collect evidence from all animals, human victims, or physical items for which patterned injuries or marks are present. For example, a dog fight scene offers evidence not only from the dogs themselves, but from training tools, enclosures, graves, fighting arena, bones, and  more. Fur may hide evidence so expose the underlying skin to check for patterned injuries. Be aware that animal skin is less vascular so external bruising may be less visible than in humans.

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Digital photography and storage capabilities

Inexpensive so there is no reason not to capture adequate information. The soft tissue alone may not provide all the bitemark information. Particularly, vicious bites may result in teeth marks on bone. This may occur in areas of avulsed tissue or where the soft tissue is closely adhered to the bone, like the scalp.

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Case in point, Diane Whipple, a 33 year old lacrosse player and coach, was killed by two Presa Canarios dogs in a highly publicized and politicized case in San Francisco in 2001. The owner insisted just one of the two dogs, Bane was involved, and the other dog, Hera did not participate in the attack. However, contrary to the testimony, Hera's feces contained pieces of the victim's clothes. The remorseless Marjory Knoller, one of the dog's owners received a 15 years-to-life sentence for the murder of Whipple.

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stock plastic dental impression tray will suffice for most dog dental impressions with some modification. Heating the plastic tray to adjust the width may help accommodate the divergent canine teeth. Accurate recording of the anterior teeth particularly the canines is imperative. Vinyl polysiloxane (VPS)  impression material is the materialof choice versus alginate for dental impressions. this more durable material, you will be able to make multiple models from a single impression without tearing the impression material and while retaining accuracy over time.

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Polyurethane casting resin  is the material recommended for creating the models. Stone and plaster are not advised for dental models because the diverging canine teeth will likely cause the stone to break when separating the stone from the impression.  Fabricate multiple models of each arch. Keep one set of models with the canines at full length, and then a second set with the canines cut down closer to the gingival for comparisons to deeper, penetrating wounds.

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The activities of certain cults such as Santeria, Voodoo, Santa Muerte, Candomble, or gang rituals may result in bizarre scenes involving mutilated animals. One defense strategy in this type of animal cruelty is to claim religious freedom to practice animal sacrifice.

Domestic violence and criminal cases may involve human abuse, animal fighting, gang violence, sexual abuse, hoarding, torture, and a host of other sociopathic behaviors. Investigation of a bitemark case may expose other serious underlying issues regarding family or individual dysfunctions and psychopathy.  The long list of animal abusers who became infamous killers includes Eric Harris and  Dylan Klebold who shot and killed 12 classmates before turning their guns on themselves. They had bragged about mutilating animals to their friends. Carroll Edward Cole was executed for 5 of the 35 murders of which he was accused. He said his first act of violence as a child was to strangle a puppy.

Colorful Retro Vintage Illustration Animated Medical Technology Education Science Presentation

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