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ブーケ. 24 th June 2022. Sankyu Technical Academy.

Overview １. Hazard prediction training (KYT). KYT (K: kiken (hazard), Y: yochi (prediction), T: (training).

Introduction 2. Predicting hazards and pre-emptive safety and health. The first line work operation is to have small groups of people work together as a team. These small groups are assigned a leader who is called a foreman or team leader. Short-term meetings, centering on the small group leader and covering work operation, are held when work begins, upon arrival at the job site, before operations begin, during work operations, and at the close of operations. To prevent accidents due to human error and ensure safety and health on a constant basis at front lines, it is necessary to sufficiently provide “team actions for pre-empting hazards” for voluntary discovering, understanding, and resolving hazards lurking at job sites or in work procedures by holding these short-term leader-oriented meetings and by enhancing each worker’s sensitivity to hazards, concentration, problem-solving capability, and motivation to practice such actions..

2. Hazard prediction training (KYT), as practiced under the zero-accident campaign, is a form of short-term (hazard), solving training. It is carried out by everyone at job sites or by individuals on a short-term basis as training in predicting hazards; in other words, a means of pre-emptive safety and health. Because it is individual workers who actually perform tasks at job sites, it is necessary to confirm hazard points and safety at critical points in accordance with job site situation and conditions, by a process of “point and call” during operational procedures, so as to prevent accidents due to human error. Consequently, KYT involves “point and call” “point and repeat,” and these procedures are practiced as a single, unified endeavour ..

3. OUTLINE OF KYT. KYT involves the following operations: Model sheets describing the job site situation and operations are used, or work is performed using actual work pieces at job sites or shown how to operate. Hazard factors (unsafe actions or situations that could cause accidents or injuries to workers) lurking at job sites or in operational procedures, and the phenomena (accident patterns) which such hazard factors bring about. Are discussed, considered and comprehended by small groups at job sites (or through soliloquy by individuals). Hazard points and action goals are determined and confirmed through “point and repeat” or items for “point and call” are confirmed. Pre-emptive actions are taken prior to conducting activities to ensure safety and health..

3. KYT is a method whereby information on hazards is gathered, discussed, and shared. Its aim is to enhance sensitivity and problem-solving capabilities in response to hazards, to determine hazard points and action goals, and to impress them in the subconscious mind in the course of intensively discussing and resolving such hazards. KYT is also a method whereby alertness is enhanced through a process of “point and call” at critical points during work. Workers are more alert in the conscious mind so that they act in a way that ensures safety. From the time of birth, a person goes through a certain pattern of learning, and as a result, human activities are almost all patterns of habit; they are determined unconsciously and the body is left to move about naturally without conscious control. It is said that the individual is regulated, deep within, by his or her own subconscious mind. For this reason, it is important that one be fully alert when information on hazards is presented so that it will take root in the subconscious mind and result in new habits; so that at each critical point arises naturally in the conscious mind as a new habit..

3. Once an awareness or habit has taken root, it is very difficult to change it. And when something is taken to be true, but based on erroneous knowledge, the body responds accordingly without the individual even being aware of it. In KYT, hazard points and action goals are identified and created by professional colleagues familiar with the work at job sites, and nothing is more proper than to do this. Therefore, it is important to firmly impress hazards points and action goals upon the individual’s subconscious mind with KYT, through the process of “point and repeat,” so that the body reacts without the individual even being aware of it. It is also important to provoke these impressions on the conscious level through “point and call” at each critical point in the course of work operations..

4. OBJECTIVE OF KYT. Not carried out despite having the knowledge and ability You have the necessary knowledge and skills. Of course, you understand the countermeasures and should be able to carry them out. Yet those countermeasures were not carried out, and as a result, an accident occurred. Even with the knowledge and skills, the proper tasks were not completed. Why? There are three cases relevant to this question. Lack of sensitivity made the worker not recognize the hazard, so nothing was done– Sharpen your sensitivity Workers were careless and absent-minded, so nothing was done. – Enhance your alertness. Nothing was done because there was no motivation to do anything from the outset. - Boost your motivation to act..

4. Sharpening sensitivity KYT involves cultivating intuitive awareness of hazards as such and sharpening your sensitivity towards it. When a situation is hazardous, intuition should tell workers that something is wrong, that there is some hazard, and that caution should be heeded. That there is something strange is clearly sensed. This type of intuition is referred to as sensitivity. Originally, human sensitivity to hazards used to be very keen. Amid the rapid advancement of our material (machine) culture, however, this sensitivity has often been inadequate, dull, weak or even faulty. To cultivate and heighten such sensitivity is the main objective of KYT. However, if KYT is held only once or twice a month, it is impossible to maintain such sensitivity at a high level for a long time. Short-term KY activities must be carried out repeatedly, day by day, at each critical point in order to ensure that sensitivity to hazards remain sharp..

4. • Enhancing alertness In the course of hazard prediction training, alertness is cultivated because the training takes place over a short time period, during which model sheets, for example, are used to identify hazards at job sites and in work operations, and countermeasures must be determined. KYT also enhances alertness by practicing a determined “point and call” at each critical point in the course of work operations, and thus prevents absent-mindedness or carelessness on the job..

4. What is meant by the critical points in work operations are the hazard points. The aim of KYT is to have hazard points isolated and alertness enhanced by “point and call” that is directly aimed to such hazard points so that accidents due to human error (that is, human imperfections such as false recognition, carelessness, shortcut reactions, or skipping procedures) caused by human characteristics can be prevented. “Point and call” helps workers shift gears, so to speak, so that the worker’s awareness level becomes clear and normal. Reciting action goals or “touch and call” procedures also helps to enhance team member’s concentration and strengthen solidarity or unity among team members..

4. • Improvement of problem-solving abilities While detailed, executable countermeasures are devised in response to noticed hazards, and as key points are identified, KYT helps to build resourcefulness in solving problems associated with hazards..

4. • Boosting motivation to act Through hazard prediction training, the motivation to act decisive is boosted in the course of open talks on any hazard. KY activities and “point and call” only become effective when they are carried out, not as passive measures, but as active efforts pursued eagerly by each individual. This eagerness or motivation is brought out in the course of open talks on what the hazard is, where it lies hidden, and how it can be dealt with. It is in the process of determining the current status of a hazard, searching out its essential characteristics, and devising ways to remove it through open dialog that one’s motivation to act is strengthened. Through open discussions over short time periods (3 minutes or 5 minutes), KYT based on the four-round method fosters a strong spirit of agreement in taking action..

4. • Creating an ideal work environment KYT not only aims to solve hazards at workplaces. Through repeating discussions to discover, understand and resolve hazards lurking at workplaces with the participation of everyone at the workplace, KYT is ultimately aimed at creating a bright and lively working environment with zero accidents, in which everyone participates with the idea of preempting problems or hazards. Viewed from a long-term perspective, it is not likely that only safety has been improved and other problems associated with production or quality remained unsolved. The sensitivity and teamwork for predicting hazards and anticipating safety will work on all voluntary efforts to resolve problems..

5. Pointing and calling Zero-accident OK !. Pointing and calling.

5. How to do pointing and calling <How to confirnr correct behavior at important poinb> (Points where hazards exist) Make a tight fist. First make a fist by pressmg your thumb over your middle finger. Then extend your index finger with your thumb and other three fingers bent. Brisk movement Straighten rselfl Put your left hand on your waist. First make a fist by pressmg your thumb over your middle finger, and then extend your mdex finger straight while maintaining a tight fist. Strike the pose with spirit. Strike the pose, and then break the pose..

5. (1) Inok at an object. (2) Point at it. Ra.ise yor right hand to your right eaz Bring your hand down. • State the item to be confinne d. • Extend your right ann straight. • Point at the object with your index finger. • Look at the object. • Raise your right • Confirm the ann to your ear. appropriateness of • Make sure it is 0K. the object. say "0K". • Bring your arm down, pomtmg the object. (3) You must make sure it is really 0K Jhile you raise your right arm to your ear. How to conduct pointing and sat,hng out loud together.

5. The results of proof testing conducted by the Railway Technical Research Institute in 1994 showed that the rate of work-related errors decreased to less than one-sixth when conducting pointing and calling as compared with doing nothing..

5. Pointing and calling. Pointing and saying out loud together Pointing and calling conducted by more than two people is referred to as “pointing and saying out loud together,” while “pointing and calling” is performed, in principle, by one person. The aim of this method is to join forces and to enhance a sense of oneness and community within a team by confirming the object through pointing and saying out loud together. The “pointing and saying out loud together” method includes “touch and call” (touching, overlapping hands, forming a circle) with physical contact among all workers..

6. C aused by human error.

7. LEADER woÄER NAVE 1 oo RISK ASSESSMENT (KY) SHEET RESEARCH AND CREATE TO DESCRIBE THE ACCU)ENT BY ASSUMING HAZARDOUS FACTORS. 4 No ro MARK O FOR DANGEROUS 0 FOR MOST DANGEROUS AND- CALL CONCRETE MEASURES TO CONSIDER THE CONCRETE MEASURES FOR MOST DANGERAOUS ITEM. (OTO SPECIALIZE ONLY ONE CONCRETE MEASURE ANO MARK (2)T0 SET THE BEHAVIOR OBJECTIVE OF TEAM. BEHAVIOR OBJECTIVE OF TEAM ITEM OF POINT-AND-CALL LETS ATTAIN ZERO DISASTER. suRE.

8. Risk Assessment KY sheet. K Y ACTIVITY Work Point of Hazard (Omark : 2 3 4 5 Type Of Accident SANKYU The most im • CLA ortant oint) Countermeasure (Cmark : The most important point) 2 3 4 5 Team Action point & can Foreman Safety Officer.

9. GO ANZEN NI.