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JEMISH LATHIYA I ARCHITECT I URBAN PLANNER. .49. Vernacular Architecture of Kashmir Form, Spatial planning, Cultural aspects, Symbolism, Colour, Art, Material of construction techniques, religious beliefs & practices.

JEMISH LATHIYA I ARCHITECT I URBAN PLANNER. Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region of the India. The culture of Kashmir id highly influenced by Northern, South Asian, Persian as well as Central Asian culture. Along with its scenic beauty, Kashmir is famous cultural heritage. It amalgamates Hindu, Sikh & Muslim and Buddhist Philosophies and has involved composite culture based on the values of Humanism and tolerance which is collectively known as kashmiriyat..

JEMISH LATHIYA I ARCHITECT I URBAN PLANNER. Map of the river Jhelum basin with its major tributaries showing the location of the sampling sites. The altitude the basin is represented by shaded relief model (background) generated from ASTER DEM. The stations, i.e., Sangam in Anantnag (upstream) and Baramullah (downstream) represent the discharge measurement sites within the main Jhelum river.

JEMISH LATHIYA I ARCHITECT I URBAN PLANNER. The Landscape of the region follows the Jhelum river..

JEMISH LATHIYA I ARCHITECT I URBAN PLANNER. [image] Spri ng 16 March to 15 May the valley becomes a blanket Of emerald green grass. In Spring showers are frequent Stonmer 16 May to 15 July the mountains are dark blue in color With snow capped peaks, clear streams. cool springs, beautiful lakes and pine forest. Thunderstorms cool the air on excessive heat during June. Rainy season Wahamt 16 July to 15 September Valley receive rainfall with dark clouds touching the mountains. July and August witness showers but are not frequent. Auttonn Harud 16 September to 15 November In September temperature begins to fall and the nights cool. k)llowed by same kind in October and November. Winter Wandah 16 November to 15 January Starts receiving snow fall making it pleasant. In the end of December heavy snowfall will start. Ice cad season Sishur 16 Januaryto 15 March Intense cold makes winter a very harsh climate for common people and animals. Intense prevails February. till.

JEMISH LATHIYA I ARCHITECT I URBAN PLANNER. Mohallas – Streets The streets were developed on the basis of their occupation & Clan. As more & more members of the family became associated with traditional crafts & skills, Mohallas developed as a close knit community. Similarity clan or family based Mohallas also grew in the core areas. By 19th century the city had Mohallas bearing names like Qalamdanpora, Sheeshgari Mohallas, Banduk Khar Mohallas, Bhand Mohallas, Razdan Kucha, Mir Mohallas. Ziarats, temples & shines become the focal points around which large habitations were established. Worship places become the center of settlements. The river front and the areas along the canals like Nala Mar witnessed wooden balconies, intricate lattice work and window screens facing the water front. A significant urban feature of the water front was in the form of Ghats. The Ghats served as landing places for the transportation..

JEMISH LATHIYA I ARCHITECT I URBAN PLANNER. Architecture of Dwelling The Architecture of Srinagar with its steeply pitched gable roofs atop brick and wooden structures reminds one of the medieval European city. Its still alive in as it has been for centuries. In vicinity are a mixture of building built and rebuilt over the last 300 years in a compatible style. And with its economy based on handicrafts and craft weaving, Srinagar never had the local wealth necessary to undertake a massive rebuilding of the city. Gujjar’s house(Shepherds) Found along Banihal pass and on mountains. Rural houses in villages Urban houses in villages Urban houses in Town (Taq & Dhajji Dewari systems of Construction. House Boats..

JEMISH LATHIYA I ARCHITECT I URBAN PLANNER. Architecture of Urban Houses The traditional buildings are of two categories on the basis of plan form: Square plan & Linear plan. These dwelling were occupied by Joint families. Mostly they were square in plan having windows on all sides. Distribution of function is symmetrical. Symmetry is a basic principle for earthquake resistance structure. Main entrance opening into a centrally located staircase lobby. Space underneath the centrally located staircase is used as a storage space. Typically Door will be placed in the wall separating private court from the street. The court is flanked by one or two rooms on either side, in ground as well as first floor. Ground floor houses the heated living room with cooking and dining areas; Bedrooms on first and second floor..

JEMISH LATHIYA I ARCHITECT I URBAN PLANNER. A part of the lobby on the first floor is usually converted into a smaller room (kuther) over the main entrance on ground floor. This in some cases also encloses a projecting wooden bay window(dub). Topmost floor is large room with many windows, Traditional use of this room is during summers in order to take advantage of cool breeze. Also used for gathering and social events. In winters used fro storage..

JEMISH LATHIYA I ARCHITECT I URBAN PLANNER. The W.C is usually detached from the house and set in the corner of the front court, while the bathroom usually consists of small room next to the hot water tap behind the Kitchen stove, Internal divisions consist of thinner partition walls often of wattle & daub, made from timber framing, in filled with reeds and plasted with a mix of mud and animal dung. The outer wall of the overall square is constructed as a heavy stone masonry wall, for structural and climatic purpose. Traditionally windows being closed with two set of shutters, inside being of solid wood, outside with jalli an open filigree of carved wood. Oiled newspaper was glued onto jalli shutters to admit light into the house during winter..

JEMISH LATHIYA I ARCHITECT I URBAN PLANNER. Architecture of Kashmir- Beauty amidst chaos - Sheet2.

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JEMISH LATHIYA I ARCHITECT I URBAN PLANNER. Stone : The heavy stone walls that from the masonry box at the lower level are tied horizontally at various levels with timber bands are usually at sill and lintel levels..

JEMISH LATHIYA I ARCHITECT I URBAN PLANNER. Construction Methods Dajji Dewar The “Dajji Dewar” is a much thinner and lighter form of wall construction. It consist of timber framing with in fills of Bricks. In few cases the infill will be Stone masonry. In type the walls will have greater ductility and damping. In addition to this the Horizontal and vertical cage formed by the timber are braced diagonally against shear. This cross member is usually a resistance against shear. The closely placed timber studs prevents propagation of shear cracks. This framing also results in breaking up the upper levels masonry walls into smaller multiple panels, each of which are independent. The collapse of any one panel will not result in the complete collapse of the wall and therefore the structure. Small masonry panels surrounded by timber elements have greater safety against out of plane collapse..

JEMISH LATHIYA I ARCHITECT I URBAN PLANNER. Construction Methods- Taq System In this system of construction 2’6” – 3’0” thick brick masonry piere supporting wooden floor beams formed the basic structural system of the building. The distance between the two brick pier used to be normally around 3’0” – 4’0” and was known as taq. The taq thus formed the basic structural bay of the building. The gap in between each taq would be filled in with either a window opening or brick masonry. Normally the inner facing of the structure would be made of sun dried brick or rubble infill. The super structure usually rested on a 3’0” – 4’0” high stone plinth, constructed in random rubble masonry. A series of twin woodern (décor) tie beams as das(plinth) separated the stone masonry from burnt brick masnory of the superstructure and acted as an isolated diaphragm in between two layers. In many cases the ground floor was also constructed in random rubble masonry. The super structure thus behaved as a framed structure, which accounts for considerable success that these building exhibited in withstanding earthquakes..

JEMISH LATHIYA I ARCHITECT I URBAN PLANNER. An interesting feature of many such buildings is the absence of truss system supporting the roof. The roof comprised a layer of earth covering over bark and wooden planks resting on wooden rafters. The rafters were in turn supported on a wooden log(Nar Kooth), running along the entire length of the building. This wooden log was supported on load bearing masonry piers. Most of the internal walls were usually 4-6inches thick. In many of the large building, the ceiling would be supported on a centrally placed wooden log(Nar Kooth) running along the length of the building. Projecting floor joists would be used to support bay window known as dubs. The structural system seems to have died out in the early part of the 20th century when load bearing brick masonry became popular. Also, the manufacture of maharaji bricks seems to have stopped..

JEMISH LATHIYA I ARCHITECT I URBAN PLANNER. Nigeen Lake Photos - Free & Royalty-Free Stock Photos from Dreamstime.

JEMISH LATHIYA I ARCHITECT I URBAN PLANNER. Dhoonga House of Kashmir.

JEMISH LATHIYA I ARCHITECT I URBAN PLANNER. Dhoonga House of Kashmir.

JEMISH LATHIYA I ARCHITECT I URBAN PLANNER. Dhoonga House of Kashmir.

JEMISH LATHIYA I ARCHITECT I URBAN PLANNER. https://www.bangkokpost.com/learning/advanced/203644/virtues-of-the-traditional-thai-house https://www.kutchtourguide.com/blog/traditional-bhunga-huts-of-kutch/ https://www.priyashah.com/mig/ludiya.htm https://www.shikhar.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/rannutsav-white-1.jpg Architecture of Kashmir- Beauty amidst chaos - RTF | Rethinking The Future (re-thinkingthefuture.com) Nigeen Lake Photos - Free & Royalty-Free Stock Photos from Dreamstime https://navrangindia.blogspot.com/2018/07/keralas-koothambalam-temple-theater.html https://www.ijrte.org/wp-content/uploads/papers/v8i4s2/D11951284S219.pdf https://www.archinomy.com/case-studies/traditional-house-in-assam/.