Slide 1

Joint of upper limb. Dr.Mohamed Elmubarek.

JOINT. Type Articular surfaces Stability Ligament Movement.

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[image] Stability factors Not many muscles around, and the surfaces are incongruous, so the joint relies on the ligaments for stability. Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments reinf ce it anteriorly and posteriorly Interclavicular ligament reinforces it superiorly Costoclavicular ligament reinforces it inferiorly Articular disc limits medial displacement.

[image] Åriculm• disc: arachid to the ;tnoclmiculm• ligament; lrgamat Åntoior ;tnotlmicular ligamat Movements Flexion, extension, rotation, anterior and posterior movement, circumduction Blood supply Internal thoracic and subscapular arteries Nerve supply Nerve to subclavius Medial supraclavicular nerve.

[image] Acromioclavicular joint ligament Conoid ligammt Trape:oid Irgnnnt Coracmaorial ligament Type of joint Plane type synovial joint Afliculating surfaces Acromal end of the clavicle, and the acromion process of the scapula Articular capsule Attached to the margins of the articular surfaces Lined with synovial membrane Contains synovial fluid Strengthened superiorly by fibers from the trapezius Ligaments Acromioclavicular ligament Conoid ligament Trapezoid ligament.

[image] Stability factors Stability is maintained by extnnsic ligaments, far from the joint itself Conoid and trapezoid ligaments anchor the clavicle to the coracoid process, suspending the free limb and scapula from the clavicle Movements The acromian rotates on the clavicle Blood supply Suprascapular and thoracoaromial arteries Nerve supply lateral pectoral and axillary nerve Subcutaneous lateral supraclavicular nerve.

[image] Coracoclavicular joint Type of joint Not really much of a joint, as the two bones don't really articulate. There is a rare anatomical abnormality when they actually come into contact, but normally the coracoid process attaches indirectly to the clavicle by means of the strong coracoclavicular ligaments, the conoid and the trapezoid. Articulating surfaces Normally, none. The superior surface of the coracoid process attaches to the conoid and the trapezoid line of the clavicle by the ligaments abovementioned Afticular capsule No capsule Ligaments Conoid ligament Trapezoid ligament.

[image] Stability factors Conoid and trapezoid ligaments anchor the clavicle to the coracoid process, suspending the free limb and scapula from the clavicle Movements There is limited movement at this joint; the clavicle rotates on the acromion. Blood supply Suprascapular and thoracoaromial arteries Nerve supply lateral pectoral and axillary nerve Subcutaneous lateral supraclavicular nerve.

[image] Glenohumeral joint hum-oval leamenr Tendon efthe lmg had efbicq: Type of joint Ball and socket synovial joint Articulating surfaces Humeral head articulates with the glenoid cavity. The cavity is deepened by the glenoid labrum. About 1/3rd of the head actually sits in the cavity. Articular capsule Attaches proximally to the margins of the glenoid cavity, and distally to the anatomical neck of the humerus. IT HAS HOLES IN IT. One hole admits the tendon of the long head of biceps brachii, and the other communicates with the subscapular bursa. THE WEAKEST PART is the inferior part which is not reinforced by the rotator cuff muscles Ligaments Glenohumeral ligaments: intrinsic ligaments, three fibrous thickenings of the capsule, anteriorly Coracohumeral ligament - from the base of coracoid to the anterior aspect of the greater tubercle Transverse humeral ligament- acts as the roof over the bicipital groove Coracoacromial ligament- forms the roof over the glenohumeral joint.

[image] Stability factors The joint is too shallow to be stable; stability is sacrificed to mobility The socket is deepened by the glenoid labrum The joint is stabilized mainly by muscles: supraspinatus • infraspinatus • teres minor • subscapularis they hold the ball in the socket the coracoacromial arch and supraspinatus tendon limit superior displacement supraspinatus and teres minor limit posterior displacement subscapularis limits anterior displacement.

[image] Movements Greatest freedom of movement of any joint in the body Flexionlextension, abductionladduction, medial and lateral rotation, circumduction Assisted by the movement of the pectoral girdle (the scapula and the clavicle) Blood supply Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries Branches of the suprascapular artery.

[image] Factors Influencing the Stability of the Glenohumeral Joint MAINLY, THE ROTATOR CUFF: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis and teres minor They hold the head of humerus in the glenoid fossa SOMEWHAT, THE LIGAMENTS: Glenohumeral Coracohumeral Coracoacromial arch SLIGHTLY, THE GLENOID LABRUM.

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[image] Elbow Joint Type of joint typical synovial hinge joint Articulating surfaces Trochlea of humerus articulates with the trochlear The anular ligament attaches to the margins ofthe radial notch Wial collateral Itammt ular ligammt notch of the ulna Capitum of the humerus articulates with the head of radius the surfaces are most congruent when the arm is halfway pronated, and the elbow is flexed to a right angle Articular capsule laterally and medially, just attaches to the margins of the articular surfaces Anteriorly and posteriorly, the capsule comes up more proximally, to enclose the coronoid fossa and the olecranon fossa Distally, it blends with the capsule of the proximal radioulnar joint Ligaments.