Chapter 8 The Internet

Chapter 8 The Internet. © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use..

Learning Objectives (1). Discuss how the Internet evolved and what it is like today. Identify the various types of individuals, companies, and organizations involved in the Internet community and explain their purposes. Describe device and connection options for connecting to the Internet, as well as some considerations to keep in mind when selecting an ISP. Understand how to search effectively for information on the Internet and how to cite Internet resources properly..

Learning Objectives (2). List several ways to communicate over the Internet, in addition to e-mail. List several useful activities that can be performed via the Web. Discuss censorship and privacy and how they are related to Internet use..

Overview. This chapter covers: A discussion of how the Internet evolved The members comprising the Internet community Different options for connecting to the Internet Internet searching techniques Common applications available via the Internet Societal issues related to Internet use.

Evolution of the Internet. The Internet is the largest and most well-known computer network, linking millions of computers all over the world The Internet has actually operated in one form or another for several decades ARPANET is the predecessor of the Internet Created in 1969 and named after the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), which sponsored its development Initially connected four supercomputers; eventually evolved into today’s Internet.

Evolution of the Internet (cont’d). The World Wide Web (Web) is the collection of Web pages available through the Internet Proposed by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 Originally only text-based content; release of the Mosaic browser in 1993 led to graphical content The Web is the most widely use part of the Internet Internet2 is a consortium of researchers, educators, and technology leaders from industry, government, and the international community Dedicated to the development of revolutionary Internet technologies; much of the focus is on speed.

The Internet Yesterday and Today. 7. © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use..

The Internet Community Today: Users, ISPs, and Internet Content Providers.

ASPs and Infrastructure Companies. Application service providers (ASPs) refer to companies that manage and distribute Web-based software services over the Internet Cloud software, Software as a Service (SaaS), cloudware Often fee-based business software A Web service is a self-contained business application that operates over the Internet Infrastructure companies are enterprises that own or operating the physical structure of the Internet Conventional and mobile phone companies, cable companies, and satellite Internet providers.

Example of a Web Service. © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use..

Hardware and Software Companies and the Government.

Myths About the Internet. Myth 1: The Internet is free Most people and businesses pay for Internet access Businesses, schools, and libraries lease communications lines from phone companies Mobile phone users pay hotspot or mobile phone providers for access Fee-based content is growing at a rapid pace Music/movie downloads Donation-based sites.

Myths About the Internet (cont’d.). Myth 2: Someone controls the Internet No single group or organization controls the Internet Governments can regulate Internet use within its country, but this is difficult to enforce Myth 3: The Internet and World Wide Web are identical Internet is the physical network WWW is the collection of Web pages available over the Internet Other resources are available via the Internet, for example, FTP.

Getting Set Up to Use the Internet: Type of Device.

Examples of Devices Used to Access the Internet. © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use..

Technology and You. Mobile Data Caps Mobile data use is increasing rapidly Many wireless carriers now have data caps for mobile devices Users lose high-speed access or are charged a fee when data cap is exceeded Monitor data use to stay below your data cap Onavo also compresses data.

Type of Connection and Internet Access. Computer must be connected to the Internet to obtain access Most connections today are broadband Dial-up connections must dial up and connect to the ISP Conventional dial-up Internet access uses standard phone lines Uses modem to dial and connect to the ISP Slower, but cheaper Ties up phone lines Relatively secure from hackers Direct connections are always connected to the ISP Often available in various tiers of speed vs. cost.

Home Internet Connection Options. 18. © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use..

Cable and DSL. Cable Internet access is most widely used home broadband connection Delivers via a cable provider’s network Fast, typically around 25 Mbps Requires a cable modem DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) Internet access delivers data via standard telephone lines Must be less than 3 miles from a switching station Transmits over telephone lines but does not tie up the line Typically around 10 Mbps.

Satellite and Fixed Wireless. Satellite Internet access is often the only broadband option for rural areas Slower than cable and more expensive that cable or DSL Requires satellite modem and transceiver dish Performance might degrade or stop altogether during bad weather Fixed wireless Internet access uses radio transmission towers rather than satellites Requires a modem and, sometimes, an outside-mounted transceiver Uses Wi-Fi or WiMAX technology Typically between 2 and 10 Mbps.

Broadband over Fiber (BoF) and Mobile Wireless. Broadband over Fiber (BoF) Internet access delivers data over fiber-optic cabling all the way to the building Also called fiber-to-the-premises (FTTP) Verzion Fios and Google Fiber Very fast—up to 1 Gbps Requires special networking equipment Mobile wireless Internet access delivers data via a cellular network Often used with smartphones and tablets while on the go Typically requires a data plan Speed depends on the cellular standard and specific network.

Wi-Fi Hotspots. A Wi-Fi hotspot is a location with a direct Internet connection and a wireless access point Both free and fee-based hotspots are available Hotels, schools, restaurants, libraries, businesses, etc..

Selecting an ISP and Setting Up Your Devices. Selecting an ISP Determining factors: Device used, type of Internet connection and service desired, geographical location ISPs offer a number of tiers; that is, different combinations of speeds and/or data caps Setting up your Internet connection and devices Depends on the type of device, the type of connection, and the ISP May need additional hardware to connect other computers and devices Mobile device setup usually doesn’t require any additional hardware.

Choosing an ISP. 24. © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use..

1. The Internet began as an experimental network that is known by which name? a. ARPANET b. Internet2 c. World Wide Web 2. True or False: Although broadband is defined by the FCC as 25 Mbps or faster, many home Internet connections considered broadband connections today are significantly slower than 25 Mbps. 3. What type of broadband Internet access is often the only option for rural users? Answers: 1) a; 2) True; 3) satellite Internet access.

Searching the Internet. Search sites are Web sites designed to help users find Web pages that contain the information they are seeking Typically use a search engine in conjunction with a database containing information about Web pages to locate appropriate Web pages Search site databases are updated on a regular basis Automated programs (often called spiders or web crawlers) use the hyperlinks to crawl (jump continually) from page to page to update the search database To search, type the URL of a search site or search using the Address bar of your browser to use your default site.

Methods for Searching the Internet. Keyword search Keywords are typed in a search box to locate Web pages (hits) matching those keywords Clicking on a Web page name displays that page Most common type of Internet search Directory search Categories are selected to locate Web pages in those categories Search site tools vary by search site Can search for music files, image files, news articles, maps, people, videos, etc. Can do calculations, track packages, define words, etc..

Examples of Google Search Tools. 28. © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use..

Search Strategies. Phrase searching involves typing more than one keyword Can often use quotation marks to limit hits to that phrase.

Other Search Strategies. Using search operators Putting a hyphen or minus sign before a word for a more specific search Allowable operators vary from site to site Using multiple search sites Different search sites can return different results Using synonyms: Different words that mean the same thing Using variations of your keywords and alternate spellings Using wildcards, such as *, to specify keyword patterns.

Field Searching. Field searches limit the search to a particular characteristic Page title, page text, URL, top level domain, or Web site.

Evaluating Search Results. Does the title and listed description sound appropriate for the information you are seeking? Is the URL from an appropriate company or organization? You should also evaluate: The author The source Determine if reliable or biased The currency of information Many online articles are years old Verify online information with a second source.

Citing Internet Resources. To avoid plagiarism, proper citation procedures should be used for all Internet content used in a paper, book, or on a Web site Citations for online sources are similar to written sources: Author Date of publication Article or Web page title Date the article was retrieved from the Internet URL used.

Examples of Web Citations. © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use..

1. To limit search results to just pages belong to a particular top-level domain (such as .gov), you should use a _________. a. synonym search b. variant search c. field search 2. True or False: The search phrase trailer -horse should locate Web pages about horse trailers. 3. The program used by many search sites to retrieve matching Web pages from their database is called a(n) __________. Answers: 1) c; 2) False; 3) search engine.

Beyond Browsing, Searching, and E-Mail. Many other activities take place via the Web in addition to browsing, searching, and e-mail Today’s online communications programs can typically be used for a variety of activities Messaging Voice and video calls E-mail Skype and Gmail, for example Online communication convergence is referred to as unified communications (UC).

Skype. 37. © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use..

Instant Messaging and Text Messaging. Instant messaging (chat) Exchanging real-time messages with your contacts Instant messages (IMs) can be sent via computers and smartphones Can be sent via social media Text messaging Used by mobile phone users SMS for text and MMS for multimedia messages Beginning to replace e-mail for personal communication Can be group messages.

How It Works. Social Commerce Use of social networks to perform financial transactions Free money transfers between individuals using messaging services Snapchat (via Snapcash) and Facebook (via Facebook Messenger).

Twittering and Social Networking Updates. Twittering: Users post short updates called tweets Used in both business and personal lives Can find tweets by following someone or searching for hashtags Similar status updates are available via some social networking sites.

Forums and VoIP. A forum (discussion group or message board) is a Web page that enables individuals to post messages on a particular topic for others to read and respond to Typically organized by topics (threads) Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) refers to making telephone calls over the Internet Computer to computer More permanent VoIP setups replace landline phones Relatively inexpensive Does not work when Internet connection or power is out.

Example of Voice over IP (VoIP). © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use..

Web Conferences and Webinars. A Web conference is a videoconferencing that take place via the Internet Typically via a personal computer or mobile device Used by individuals and businesses Business Web conferencing is often used for meetings between individuals located in different geographical locations May require a Web conferencing service Webinar is a seminar presented via the Web Webcast is a completely one-way presentation.

Example of Web Conferencing. 44. © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use..

Social Networking/Social Media. Social networking site: A site that enables a community of individuals to communicate and share information Facebook, Google +, etc. Social media: The collection of social networking sites and other communications channels used to share information with a broad audience Media-sharing sites (YouTube and Flickr) Microblogging sites (Twitter) Social curation sites (Digg, Reddit, and Pinterest) For security and safety reasons, be careful not to reveal too much about yourself.

Social Media Integration. Integrated into other online activities Can start a video call within Facebook Can share a YouTube video via e-mail Can often Like content on Web sites Can use social media credentials to log on to Web sites.

E-Commerce. E-commerce is performing financial transactions over the Internet More convenient and easier comparison shopping for individuals Reduced costs and increased customer satisfaction for businesses Be cautious to prevent fraud and identity theft Enter sensitive data only on secure Web sites Use a credit card or online payment service Online shopping: Buying products or services over the Internet Online auctions: Bids are placed for items and the highest bidder purchases the item Online banking: Performing banking activities via the Web Online investing: Buying and selling stocks or other types of investments via the Web.

Inside the Industry. E-Commerce Payment Options Payment options vary Typically displayed on the checkout page Most common payment options are credit and debit cards Other options include online payment services (PayPal, Bill Me Later, etc.), Bitcoins, digital gift cards, etc..

Online Entertainment. Online music Music played or obtained via the Web Online TV, videos, and movies Live or recorded TV shows available via the Web Videos watched or downloaded via the Web Feature films available via the Web Video-on-demand (VOD) Selecting movies or TV television shows to be delivered on demand to your device Rented movies can usually be viewed only for a limited time.

Examples of Online Music and Video. © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use..