Name: RESEARCH PROJECT PROPOSAL-1
Uploaded: 2024-02-29
Duration: 4 min 11 s
Description: RESEARCH PROJECT PROPOSAL-1. Development of poly-herbal formulation for the control of acaricide resistant ticks.

RESEARCH PROJECT PROPOSAL-1. Development of poly-herbal formulation for the control of acaricide resistant ticks. 

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Development of poly-herbal formulation for the control of acaricide resistant ticks

Thurst area:  Affordable indigenous herbal therapeutics for veterinary practice

Start date: 2024								Completion date: 2026

Co PI- Dr. Subhasish Bandyopadhyay       Dr. Bimalendu Mondal  Dr. Muthu Sankar Dr. Amir Samal Dr  Amol Gurav Dr. Sidhharth Gautam Dr. Nitish Kharayat Dr. Nidhi Sharma Dr. Satyanshu Kumar (ICAR-DMAPR)

Direct Damage to the skin due to biting blood loss (anemia) Indirect Treatment cost on ticks Tick-bite paralysis Permanent stress Loss of energy embargo on animal trade Transmission of Major TBDs Treatment cost on TTBD predisposes animals to secondary inf. 

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[image] Integrated Management of the Cattle Tick Rhipicephalus Boophilus microplus Acari Ixodidae and the Acaricide Resistance Mitigation IntechOpen

Direct

 Damage to the skin due to biting

 blood loss (anemia)

 Indirect

 Treatment cost on ticks 

 Tick-bite paralysis

 Permanent stress

 Loss of energy

 embargo on animal trade

 Transmission of Major TBDs

 Treatment cost on TTBD 

 predisposes animals to secondary inf

Tick are one of the most serious ectoparasites of cattle

Total Livestock population- 535.78 million  Total number of cattle -192.49 million Exotic/Crossbred Cattle population- 50.42 million Total Exotic/Crossbred Cattle has increased by 26.9 % Contribution of livestock in total agriculture GVA -30.13% Livestock sector contributed 4.90% of total GVA in 2020-21. (DAHD, 2019)

Economic losses. Globally- US$22–30 billion/annum (Lew-Tabor and Valle, 2016) 32.4 million US$ loss/annum in Brazil, 3.0 million US$ in USA 573.16 million US$ in Mexico (Rodriguez-Vivas et al., 2017) 168.0 million US$ in Colombia 250.0 million US$ in Australia (Meat and Livestock Australia report 2020 364.0 million US$ in Tanzania (Rodriguez-Vivas et al., 2017) 6.7 million US$ in Puerto Rico 5.0 million US$ in Zambia 787.63 million US$ in India (TTBDs) (Kaushlendra et al., 2022). 

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Globally- US$22–30 billion/annum (Lew-Tabor and Valle, 2016)  32.4 million US$ loss/annum in Brazil, 3.0 million US$ in USA 573.16 million US$ in Mexico (Rodriguez-Vivas et al., 2017) 168.0 million US$ in Colombia 250.0 million US$ in Australia (Meat and Livestock Australia report 2020 364.0 million US$ in Tanzania (Rodriguez-Vivas et al., 2017) 6.7 million US$ in Puerto Rico  5.0 million US$ in Zambia 787.63 million US$ in India (TTBDs) (Kaushlendra et al., 2022)

Ticks are ranked second only to mosquitoes as vectors of number of human infectious diseases  (de la fuente et al.,2008)

India possesses the largest diversity of plant species having 47,000 plant species and accounts for 7‐8% of the recorded species in the world (Vendan et al.,2016) Till date, more than 6,000 species of plants have been screened against various types of pests. 

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Chemical acaricides Organochlorines: Organophosphates: Carbamates: Pyrethroids: Amidines: Macrocyclic Lactones:

Chemical control (Acaricides) Vaccines Phyto acaricides Biological control Use of tick resistant breeds

Cattle Breeds: Main Bos Indicus Cattle In Australia - Beef2Live | Eat Beef  * Live Better

India possesses the largest diversity of plant species having 47,000 plant species and accounts for 7‐8% of the recorded species in the world 								             (Vendan et al.,2016)
 Till date, more than 6,000 species of plants have been screened against various types of pests

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Entomology laboratory, Division of Parasitology. Polyherbal formulation having many active principles seems most suitable for the management of multiacaricide resistant tick infestation on animals. 

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Entomology laboratory, Division of Parasitology

Polyherbal formulation having many active principles seems most suitable  for the management of multiacaricide resistant tick infestation on animals

Scientific name   Family Natural products with acaricidal or insecticidal activity Acorus calamus Acoraceae Alpha- asarone (Ghosh et al., 2011) Rcinus communis Euphorbiaceae Quercetin, gallic acid, flavone, kaepferol (Ghosh et al., 2013) Argemone mexicana Papaveraceae Benzyltrisulfide, benzyldisulfide  (Ghosh et al. 2015) Datura metel Solanaceae Megastigmane, sesquiterpenes, alkaloids, glycosides (Ghosh et al. 2015) Datura stramonium Scopolamine, hyoscyamine, meteloidine, atropine (Shyma et al.,2014) Allium sativum Amaryllidaceae Allicin, alliin (Shyma et al., 2014) Carica papaya Caricaceae Papain, chymopapain, peptidase B, lysozyme  (Shyma et al., 2014) Ageratum conyzoides Asteraceae Lead I, II, III and IV (Ajithkumar et al., 2015, Shanmuganath et al., 2021) Anona squamosa Annonaceae Squamocin (Sharma et al., 2022)

Research Gap. No characterized anti tick formulation is available commercially as of now No characterized Polyherbal formulation (s) are available for management of tick populations. 

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No characterized anti tick formulation is available commercially as of now   No characterized Polyherbal formulation (s) are available for management of tick populations

Objectives. To establish in-vitro anti tick activity of different herbal extract(s) against reference susceptible (IVRI-I), multiple acaricide resistant (IVRI-V) tick strains and resistant field tick isolates. To identify the best combination of extract on the basis of LC 95 value and fast acting properties. To evaluate the in vivo efficacy of selected combination against limited expermental challenge infestations .. 

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To establish in-vitro anti tick activity of different herbal extract(s) against reference susceptible (IVRI-I), multiple acaricide resistant (IVRI-V) tick strains and resistant field tick  isolates.  To identify the best combination of extract on the basis of LC 95 value and fast acting properties. To evaluate the in vivo efficacy of selected combination against limited expermental challenge infestations .

Collection of identified plants (Banajwain, Himalayan nettle and Kalabansha). 

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Collection of identified plants (Banajwain, Himalayan nettle  and Kalabansha)

Rearing of ticks (IVRI-I strain and IVRI –V) strains This work will be done at the Entomology laboratory, IVRI-Izatnagar

Collection of resistant field isolates from the previously identified districts

Preparation of different solved guided extract Chloroform Acetone Ethanol Aqueous Hydro-ethanol

Evaluation of RF value  Amitraz Ivermectin  Deltamethrin

Three best combinations of extract will be selected

Evaluation of efficacy in in-vivo challenge infestations

Toxicity study of best combination identified by OECD guidelines in wistar rats

Best extracts selected based on minimum LC50 conc.

Combination of extracts will be prepared @ LC50 or LC25

Evaluation of in vivo efficacy of the selected novel formulation(s). 

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Evaluation of in vivo efficacy of the selected novel formulation(s)

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 No. of Animals 2- blank 2- animals for each treatment group 2- blank 2- treatment 4-  blank 4-  treatment 4-6- blank 4- 6 treatment Challenge dose Challenged by larvae from 50 mg eggs/ animal  Challenged by larvae from 50 mg eggs/ animal  Challenged by larvae from 50 mg eggs/ animal  Natural infestation Treatment
 Once (12-14 day of challenge) Twice         (3 day of 1st treatment) Once/twice Once/twice

Technical Program for in in-vivo challenge and treatment

All the entomological, biochemical and histological data will be analyzed using Graph Pad prism 7 and Capture Pro software

RESEARCH PROJECT PROPOSAL-1

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