Introduction to masonary ,history and defination (2)

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[Audio] Course General Information Masonry and finishing General Information Diploma: Civil Engineering diploma Department: Engineering Department Presentation title Introduction to masonry ,definition and history Location/campus: Qassim Slide 1.

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[Audio] Introduction Masonry structures were used to construct homes since the earliest days of time, but we also use it for statues and beautiful structures such as stone henge, pyramids and great wall of China amongst things are seen as engineering history and culture Slide 2.

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[Audio] Key words Vocabulary List Aesthetic: Relating to the beauty or artistic value of a structure. Foundation: The lower portion of a building that transfers its load to the ground. Quarrying: The process of extracting stone or rock from a quarry. Strain: Deformation of a material in response to applied stress. Mortar Bed: The layer of mortar that provides a base for laying masonry units. Bonding: The arrangement and connection of masonry units in a wall. Slide 3.

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[Audio] Lesson Objectives What is masonry Types of masonry used in industry Materials used in masonry Types of walls History of masonry in construction Residential and commercial masonry Slide 4.

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[Audio] Video on masonry Slide 5. Video on masonry Slide 5.

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[Audio] What is masonary Definition of Masonry Masonry is a construction technique that involves the assembling of individual units, typically bonded together with mortar. This method of construction is one of the oldest in human history, providing both structural integrity and aesthetic appeal. Key characteristics of masonry include: Versatility: Masonry can be used for various applications, including walls, arches, and pavements. Strength and Durability: Masonry structures are known for their ability to withstand heavy loads and resist environmental factors. Fire Resistance: Masonry materials, especially brick and stone, have high fire resistance, making them safe for various uses. Thermal Mass: The dense nature of masonry provides excellent thermal insulation, helping to regulate indoor temperatures. Slide 6.

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[Audio] Materials used in masonry Brick: Description: Bricks are small rectangular blocks made from clay, shale, or concrete. Types: Common types include fired bricks (burned in a kiln) and concrete bricks. Advantages: They are lightweight, durable, and available in various colors and textures. Concrete Block (CMU Concrete Masonry Unit): Description: These are rectangular blocks made from concrete, often reinforced with steel. Types: Hollow blocks (with cavities for insulation or conduits) and solid blocks (more structural integrity). Advantages: Concrete blocks are cost-effective, versatile, and provide good insulation properties. Mortar: Description: A mixture of cement, sand, and water used to bind masonry units together. Types: Traditional mortar (lime or cement-based), and modern formulations that improve adhesion and flexibility. Importance: The quality and type of mortar significantly affect the strength and durability of the masonry wall. Slide 7.

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[Audio] Types of walls Load-Bearing Walls Definition: Load-bearing walls are structural elements that support the weight of the building above them, including floors, roofs, and any additional loads. They transfer this load down to the foundation. Characteristics: Structural Integrity: Load-bearing walls are integral to a building's structural system. Removing or altering them can compromise the building's stability. Materials: Typically constructed from brick, concrete, or stone, as these materials provide the necessary strength. Thickness: Load-bearing walls are often thicker than non-loadbearing walls to support heavier loads. Applications: Residential Buildings: Common in single-family homes and multi-story buildings where they support upper levels. Commercial Structures: Found in warehouses and offices, where they may support large roof spans. Slide 8.

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[Audio] Types of walls Non-Load-Bearing Walls Definition: Non-load-bearing walls do not support any weight from the structure above them, except their own weight. They are primarily used as partitions to divide spaces. Characteristics: Support Function: These walls only provide spatial separation and do not carry any structural loads. Flexibility: They can be easily altered or removed without affecting the overall stability of the building. Materials: Often made of lighter materials such as drywall, plaster, or thin brick, which are less expensive and easier to work with. Slide 9.

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[Audio] Types of walls Retaining Walls Definition: Retaining walls are designed to hold back soil and prevent erosion or collapse of earth, making them crucial in landscaping and construction on sloped sites. Characteristics: Load Resistance: These walls resist lateral pressure from soil and other materials, especially when saturated with water. Types: Gravity Walls: Rely on their weight to hold back soil. Cantilever Walls: Use leverage and are anchored into the ground. Sheet Pile Walls: Made from steel or wood, driven into the ground, suitable for softer soils. Materials: Often constructed from concrete, stone, or reinforced masonry, chosen based on the site's conditions and the load they need to bear. Applications: Landscaping: Used to create terraced gardens, prevent erosion, and manage water drainage. Construction: Essential in creating level areas on sloped sites for building foundations or roads. Slide 10.

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[Audio] History of masonry Masonry has roots tracing back to ancient civilizations, with evidence of stone structures in Egypt and Mesopotamia around 3000 BCE. The Romans advanced masonry techniques significantly, introducing the use of concrete and the arch, which allowed for larger and more durable structures. In medieval Europe, brick-making evolved, and masonry became essential for constructing castles, cathedrals, and city walls. Slide 11.

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[Audio] Residential masonry Residential masonry involves the use of brick, stone, or concrete block to construct homes and related structures. Common applications include exterior walls, foundations, and fireplaces. Masonry offers durability, energy efficiency, and aesthetic appeal, with various styles available to match architectural designs. Its fire resistance and low maintenance requirements make it a popular choice for homeowners. In addition, masonry can enhance property value and provide a timeless look Slide 12.

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[Audio] Commercial masonry Commercial Masonry Commercial masonry is used in the construction of buildings such as offices, schools, and shopping centers. It often incorporates larger-scale materials, including concrete masonry units (CMUs) and precast concrete elements, to meet the demands of commercial design and structural integrity. This type of masonry supports expansive spaces and heavy loads, providing flexibility in design. Slide 13.

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[Audio] Recap questions 1. What type of wall supports structural loads? 1. A) Non-Load-Bearing 2. B) Load-Bearing 3. C) Retaining 4. D) Partition 2. Which material is often used for making bricks? 1. A) Granite 2. B) Clay 3. C) Concrete 4. D) Sandstone 3. What is the main purpose of a retaining wall? 1. A) Aesthetic appeal 2. B) Support for roofs 3. C) Hold back soil 4. D) Create interior walls Slide 14.

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[Audio] Recap questions 4.Which type of masonry unit is known for its light weight? A) Stone B) Brick C) Concrete Block D) Glass Block 5.What do we call the process of maintaining moisture in curing concrete? A) Bonding B) Flashing C) Curing D) Damp Proofing Slide 15.

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[Audio] Summary Masonry is a construction method that involves assembling individual units, such as bricks and stones, bound with mortar, known for its durability and aesthetic flexibility. There are three main types of masonry walls: load-bearing walls, which support structural loads; nonload-bearing walls, which serve as partitions; and retaining walls, which hold back soil. Historically, masonry has evolved from ancient civilizations to modern techniques, significantly influenced by Roman innovations and the Industrial Revolution. It finds applications in both residential and commercial construction, offering energy efficiency and structural integrity. Key vocabulary and assessment questions reinforce understanding of masonry concepts and practices. Slide 16.