Introduction-to-Cybersecurity.pptx

[Audio] Cybersecurity is a rapidly evolving field that requires a comprehensive understanding of its core principles. The three main components of our cybersecurity framework are confidentiality, integrity, and availability, commonly referred to as the CIA triad. Confidentiality ensures that sensitive information remains protected from unauthorized access. This means that confidential data such as financial records and personal identifiable information should never be shared with anyone outside the organization. Integrity guarantees that data is accurate and unaltered. For example, if an employee makes changes to a company database, those changes must be verified by another authorized person to ensure accuracy. Availability ensures that systems and data can be accessed when needed. This includes having backup systems in place in case of a disaster or system failure. Understanding these fundamental concepts is essential for building a robust cybersecurity posture. A robust cybersecurity posture is one that has been designed to withstand various types of cyber threats. The threat landscape encompasses various types of cyber threats including malware, phishing, and advanced persistent threats. Malware refers to malicious software that can harm a computer system. Phishing is a type of social engineering attack where attackers try to trick people into revealing sensitive information. Advanced persistent threats refer to sophisticated cyber attacks that involve multiple stages and actors. These threats pose significant risks to organizations and individuals alike. Ethical hacking involves simulating cyber attacks on computer systems to identify vulnerabilities. Skilled hackers use specialized tools to test the defenses of computer systems. They then provide recommendations for improvement. Ethical hacking helps organizations to strengthen their defenses against future cyber attacks. The cyber kill chain model outlines the stages involved in a typical cyber attack. The stages include reconnaissance, targeting, exploitation, and exfiltration. Each stage represents a critical point in the attack process. By grasping these foundational elements, you will gain a solid foundation for further exploration in network security, incident response, and real-world simulations..

[Audio] The role of cybersecurity professionals is multifaceted. They are responsible for monitoring and analyzing data to identify potential threats. This includes reviewing logs and network traffic to detect suspicious activity. Cybersecurity experts also conduct regular vulnerability assessments to determine weaknesses in systems and applications. Furthermore, they implement measures to protect against these vulnerabilities, such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and encryption. Additionally, they educate users about cybersecurity best practices, such as using strong passwords and keeping software up-to-date..

[Audio] The attackers use various tactics to make their emails appear legitimate. They may use logos, images, and other visual elements that are similar to those found on official company websites. They may also use language that mimics the tone and style of the company they claim to represent. Additionally, they may send fake receipts or invoices to create a sense of urgency. These tactics are designed to make the victim believe that the message is coming from a trusted source..

[Audio] The CIA Triad is a fundamental concept in cybersecurity, consisting of three primary components: Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability. These components work together to provide robust security measures for information systems. Confidentiality ensures that sensitive information is only accessible to authorized users, protecting it from unauthorized disclosure. This can be achieved through encryption and access controls, such as HTTPS, which safeguards financial reports and other confidential data. Integrity, on the other hand, guarantees that data remains accurate and unaltered, utilizing techniques like checksums and digital signatures to prevent tampering. For instance, financial reports are protected from alterations and modifications. Availability refers to the resources being accessible when needed, ensuring continuous operation even in the face of potential disruptions. This can be ensured through Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) defenses and redundancy, allowing hospital systems to maintain their functionality despite attacks. By implementing these three core principles, organizations can effectively protect their information systems and ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of their data..

[Audio] The cyber threat environment is becoming increasingly complex and challenging, driven by advancements in technology, geopolitical tensions, as well as the activities of organized crime groups. This year, we can expect to see a significant rise in various types of cyber threats, including ransomware attacks, credential theft, and targeted attacks by groups such as Qilin. These threats pose a substantial risk to organizations and individuals alike, highlighting the need for robust cybersecurity measures to mitigate their impact..

[Audio] The cyber threats that are most commonly encountered today are those that target the human element, specifically phishing attacks. These attacks use social engineering tactics to trick users into divulging sensitive information, such as passwords and credit card numbers. The attackers may use various methods to deceive users, including fake emails, fake websites, and even phone calls. Once the user has provided sensitive information, the attacker uses it to gain unauthorized access to the system. This type of attack is particularly effective because it exploits the trust that users have in the organization they work for. Many organizations have fallen victim to phishing attacks, resulting in significant financial losses and damage to reputation..

[Audio] The process of ethical hacking involves identifying vulnerabilities and weaknesses in computer systems. The goal is to find out what could be done to improve security. To achieve this, ethical hackers use various tools and techniques to test the systems. They may use penetration testing, vulnerability scanning, and other methods to assess the security posture of an organization. By doing so, they can help organizations strengthen their defenses against cyber threats. Ethical hackers work closely with the system owners to ensure that the identified vulnerabilities are addressed. This collaboration helps to prevent future attacks by identifying and fixing weaknesses before they become major issues..

[Audio] The Cyber Kill Chain is a framework used to understand the different stages involved in a cyber attack. Developed by Lockheed Martin, it provides a clear outline of how attackers operate. These stages include reconnaissance, exploitation, delivery, and weaponization. To better protect against cyber threats, understanding each stage is essential. By knowing where an attack can occur, organizations can take steps to prevent or mitigate the damage. This knowledge enables them to enhance their overall cybersecurity posture..

[Audio] The process of a cyber attack can be broken down into several phases that work together to compromise a target system. These phases include reconnaissance, where attackers gather information about the target using various methods such as network scanning or social engineering. Next, they create malware, known as weaponization, which is designed to evade detection. The malware is then delivered to the target system via email, drive-by downloads, or compromised websites. Once inside, the malware triggers vulnerabilities, leading to exploitation. Finally, the attackers install backdoors to maintain access to the compromised system over time. Each phase is critical in the success of the attack, and understanding them is essential for effective defense..

[Audio] The company has decided to implement a new cybersecurity framework that will be used across all departments. The framework will include several key components such as threat intelligence, incident response, and security awareness training. The goal is to improve overall security posture and reduce the risk of cyber attacks. The framework will also provide a centralized platform for managing and monitoring security-related tasks and incidents. This will enable employees to access relevant information and resources from anywhere, at any time. The framework will be implemented over a period of six months, with regular progress updates and evaluations. The implementation process will involve multiple stakeholders, including IT staff, management, and external experts..