Safety Training Module 2: Personal Safety Unit 2.1: Personal Protective Equipment

[Audio] Welcome to Unit 2.1: Personal Protective Equipment, of Module 2, Personal Safety..

[Audio] Each year, work at height accounts for about 16000 deaths – more than any other work activity. The Work at Height Regulations gives guidelines for safe work at heights. Control measures specified in the statutory regulations include : Avoid work at height, if possible Use an existing safe place of work Provide work equipment to prevent falls Mitigate distance and consequences of a fall Instruction, training and supervision..

[Audio] Let us begin the unit by defining various terms related to Working at Height.

[Audio] In this section, we shall define various terms related to working at height. Let's get started..

[Audio] Let's first discuss about working at height and working platform. Work at Height – means work in any place, including a place at or below ground level, above 2 metres height from existing ground level. obtaining access to or egress from such place while at work, except by a staircase in a permanent workplace where, if measures required by Work at Height Regulations are not taken, a person could fall a distance liable to cause personal injury. Working Platform – means any platform used as a place of work or as a means of access to or egress from a place of work includes any scaffold, suspended scaffold, cradle, mobile platform, trestle, gangway, gantry, and stairway which is so used. As per the WAH Regulations, 2005 working platform can include any surface such as a roof, a floor, a platform on a scaffold, MEWP, the treads of a step ladder.

[Audio] Following are the important terms related to working at height. Please click on the image to know what these terms mean..

[Audio] Following are the important terms related to working at height. Please click on the image to know what these terms mean..

[Audio] ANCHORAGE is a secure attachment on a structure or plant to which a fall arrest device, lanyard assembly, restraint line, or lifeline can be attached..

[Audio] Competent person refers to a person who has acquired through training, qualification, experience, or a combination of them, the training and knowledge, and skills to carry out a task..

[Audio] Double Lanyard is a system utilizing two lanyards connected in a " Y" configuration, which allows one lanyard to be connected to an anchor point while the second lanyard is being moved to a new anchor point, thus providing protection from fall at all times.

[Audio] Elevating work platform is a device used to move personnel, equipment, or materials to and from work locations above the support surface The device could be: telescoping device, scissor device or articulating device, or any combination of these devices.

[Audio] Fall restraint system - Restraint systems include approved rails, guarding, static lines, anchor points, fixed length lines and harnesses. Limiting the length of the lanyard or positioning of the anchor to prevent the user from reaching the point of the fall These are Useful on roofs, and near floor opening..

[Audio] Fixed ladder is a ladder that is permanently attached to the structure to be accessed..

[Audio] Lifeline is a flexible cable, either horizontal or vertical, which is anchored at both ends and to which other personal fall prevention devices can be attached. The lifeline for the anchorage of the lanyard must be independent of any platform anchorage and capable of supporting at least 5000 lbs. ( 2300 kgs) per worker. It should be free from abrasion, distortion, and damage.

[Audio] Here are some more terms. Let's have a look at their definition too. Click on each image for its definition..

[Audio] Qualified Person is a person designated by the employer; and has demonstrated the ability to perform safely all assigned duties by reason of training, experience, or instruction.

[Audio] Rescue Device is any apparatus or combination of apparatus specifically designed for the purpose of rescue from pole, structure, height or enclosed space. This apparatus must not be used for any other purpose than that it is supplied and designed for..

[Audio] A retracting lifeline that allows free travel without a slack rope but locks instantly when a fall begins. These devices must limit the force of deceleration to no more than 800 pounds (~ 365 kgs) and are only recommended for vertical descent.

[Audio] Risk assessment is a process that estimates the effects or consequences of hazardous events on people, property, and the environment. The process would consider the likelihood of occurrence and the severity of the consequences..

[Audio] Rope Grabs are automatic lifeline devices that act by inertia to grab the vertical lifeline should a fall occur. Rope Grab shall be suitable for 19 mm ( 3/4") synthetic rope or 12 mm ( 1/2") wire cable.

[Audio] Safety net is used as a fall protection device for people working at height. It alone shall not be the means of fall protection and shall be used only as secondary fall protection. Safety nets are also used to protect people working below from falling personnel and materials. All nets must meet IS 11057: 1984 standard..

[Audio] Temporary ladder is used to reach required height then removed from the position.

Activity 1. Notes to GD/Programmer: This is an interactive based slide. Allow the user to select the correct name for the images and drag it to the appropriate place. Feedback for correct attempt: That’s correct. Feedback for incorrect attempt: Sorry! This is incorrect. Try again. Correct Answers: Anchorage Safety Net Temporary Ladder Elevated Work Platform Double Lanyard Retractable Lifeline Fixed Ladder.

[Audio] Let us now understand the hazards related to working at height..

[Audio] In this section, we shall learn about the hazards related to working at height, assessing the same, and planning control measures. Let's get started..

[Audio] A hazard is a source or a situation with the potential for harm in terms of human injury or ill-health, damage to property, damage to the environment, or a combination of these Hazards of Work at Height are as follows: Design Related Hazards Poor conceptual design of the permanent works Poor structural design Poor functional design Poor workplace design Structural elements incorrectly erected or installed Inadequate planning and provision for weather Fall Related Hazards Falls due to collapses of partly built permanent works Falling from plant and equipment Falls caused by swinging loads, plant and equipment Fall through a fragile roof, lift shaft, and stairwells Workers crushed by falling or otherwise moving elements or equipment Mishandling Related Hazards Loads insecurely attached Release of pressure Limbs or bodies caught in parts of the permanent works or machinery Workers handling very heavy or awkward loads causing falls or injury Miscellaneous Hazards Physiological damage through exposure to weather Physiological and psychological damage through stress of dangerous work Signalling systems malfunction Unprotected edges and openings.

[Audio] Hazard analysis is defined as the process of collecting and interpreting information on hazards and conditions leading to their presence. The following shall be kept in mind during hazard analysis: A hazard analysis must be conducted regardless of whether fall protection already exists Hazards associated with working at height must be identified and addressed prior to beginning work. The analysis must include, but is not limited to the: Likelihood of falling. If a fall is likely, then a means to prevent a fall must be put in place like a handrail Risk of injury to a person if a person falls. Risk of falling objects to workers below Hazard Identification Information Sources: Workplace Inspections Accident Investigations Team Consultant Incident Injury Illness Report Health and Environmental Monitoring Employee Complaints and Observations Safety Audits The hazard analysis shall identify control measures that reduce the potential for injury to personnel working at height..

[Audio] The control measures fall into two broad categories: Fall prevention- ( 1st Choice) Fall prevention shall be used in place of fall protection to minimize the risk to personnel from falling during work at height when possible like hand rail. Fall protection- When fall prevention is not available fall protection / PPE shall be used like double lanyard, fall arrestor, etc. NOTE: Where feasible, eliminate the need for elevated work through design or facility modifications through the installation of permanent platforms with prevention in the form of; handrails, toe boards, drop bars, etc..

Activity 2. Notes to GD/Programmer: This is an interactive based slide. Allow the user to select the correct correct statements for Hazard Analysis and drag them to the box. Feedback for correct attempt: That’s correct. Feedback for incorrect attempt: Sorry! This is incorrect. Try again. Correct Answers: Must include risk of injury Must be conducted regardless if fall protection already exist Identify Control Measures.

[Audio] Moving forward, we will discuss the basic use of ladders, scaffolding, and MEPWs..

[Audio] In this section, we shall learn about the hazards, control measures, and inspection procedures for Ladders, Scaffolding, and Mobile Elevated Platforms. Let's get started..

[Audio] First Aid needs to be available at all times while people are at work. People at work can suffer injuries or fall ill. It does not matter whether the injury or the illness is caused by the work they do. The key guiding principles and purpose of first aid is often given in the mnemonic " 3 Ps". These three points govern all the actions undertaken by a first aider. Preserve life Prevent further injury Promote recovery.

[Audio] In case of any injury or illness, the first requirement is to check if the victim is conscious or unconscious. In the pre-hospital setting, the key contributors to survival and recovery from illness and injury are prompt and effective maintenance of the body's primary functions: Airway Breathing Circulation Bleeding control ( life threatening).

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