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Copyright 2021 @ Institute of International Teachers Training.
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. MODULE 1 CHILD PSYCHOLOGY. International Diploma in Pre & Primary Teachers Training Course.
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There are three components of the psychic apparatus function on different levels of consciousness, and they interact with each other to generate behaviour..
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Id: The Id is present at birth and represents everything that we inherit from our parents. It comprises our needs that require constant fulfillment and operates on the pleasure principle, as well as the need for immediate gratification, without regard for consequences or realities. Ego: The Ego develops as a result of our attempts to satisfy our needs through interactions with our physical and social environment. In other words, it arises from the Id. The Ego attempts to fulfill the Id’s desire by serving as a negotiator that strives for a compromise between what the Id wants and what the outside world can grant it. The Ego is also a decision-maker that operates on the reality principle, evaluating conditions of the real world which may or may not satisfy the Id’s demands and seeking acceptable methods of fulfilling the Id’s wishes. Superego: The Superego arises from the Ego and develops as an internal representation of the moral values of the environment. The Superego judges what we should morally do or not do, and guides us about the dos and should don’ts of our lives. It rewards us with pride and positive feelings upon doing good, and punishes us with feelings of guilt, shame or fear for not abiding by values that we have set for ourselves..
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According to Sigmund Freud’s Psychosexual Theory, young learners develop as a consequence of the ways through which the Ego negotiates a compromise among the Id and the Id’s insistence on immediate gratification of wishes, the environment which imposes limits on the conditions under which wishes can be fulfilled and the Superego, which puts pressure on the individual to abide by a set of moral values ..
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Jean Piaget’s 4 stages of Cognitive Development Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development suggests that the young learners move through four different stages of mental development. His theory focuses not only on understanding how they acquire knowledge, but also on understanding their nature of intelligence. Piaget's stages are: Sensorimotor stage: birth to 2 years Preoperational stage: ages 2 to 7 Concrete operational stage: ages 7 to 11 Formal operational stage: ages 12 and above.
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International Diploma in Pre & Primary Teachers Training Course.
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Theory of intellectual development : Through his observations of his children, Piaget developed a stage theory of intellectual development that included four distinct stages :.
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The Sensorimotor Stage Ages: Birth to 2 Years Major Characteristics and Developmental Changes: • The infant knows the world through their movements and sensations • Young learners learn about their environment through basic actions such as sucking, grasping, looking, and listening • Babies learn that things continue to exist even though they cannot be seen (object permanence) • They are separate beings from the people and objects around them • They realize that their actions can cause things to happen in the world around them.
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The Preoperational Stage Ages: 2 to 7 Years Major Characteristics and Developmental Changes : • Young learners begin to think symbolically and learn to use words and pictures to represent objects . • At this stage they tend to be egocentric and struggle to see things from the perspective of others . • While the y oung learners are getting better with language and thinking, they still tend to think about things in very concrete terms..
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International Diploma in Pre & Primary Teachers Training Course.
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Copyright 2021 @ Institute of International Teachers Training.