GRADE 7 - MAPEH (HEALTH)QUARTER 3 - WEEK 4· Mental and Emotional Health· Types and Management of Common Mental Disorders

[Audio] Good day! Welcome to our MAPEH ( HEALTH) subject. In this activity, you will be introduced to the (MENTAL AND EMOTIONAL HEALTH AND TYPES AND MANAGEMENT OF COMMON OG MENTAL DISORDERS) . Please read, listen, and understand, the topic that I will provided for you. Do not hesitate to ask questions to me and also ask for support in anyone you think can help you understand the topic..

[Audio] LESSON 1: MENTAL AND EMOTIONAL HEALTH According to the World Health Organization's Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion ( 1986). " Health is a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living". This means that health is where we get our means to function normally in all the things we do. Health has six ( 6) dimensions which contribute total well-being of a person. STRESS is defined as the psychological for (or physical) and emotional responses to a significant or unexpected change or disruption in one's life. ( Payne, et al., 2005) It may also refer to "what you feel when you react to pressure, either from the outside world ( school, family, friends) or from yourself i.e. wanting to fit in, wanting to do well in school. The word stressor refers to the things that make a person stressed. There are two different kinds of stress- eustress and distress. EUSTRESS refers to a positive and healthy response of the body from a stressor. It produces good effects to one's well-being. For example, a person, who studied for long hours then took and got an outstanding grade in the exam, may feel happiness and enjoyment. On the other hand, DISTRESS refers to a negative reaction of the body towards a given stressor. It may cause problems in health, alter the mood and emotions, and even affect the way a person thinks. For example, when a person woke up late for work, he or she may feel anger and disappointment. It is usually easy to identify whether a person is stressed. Again, stress is the physical response of the body. Therefore, one may feel and experience different changes in the health condition. The body changes that occur from experiencing stress is called general adaptation ( GAS)..

[Audio] According to Hans Selye ( 1936) and Sincero ( 2012), there are three phases of this syndrome FIRST PHASE IS ALARM STAGE THIS IS THE STAGE WHEN A PERSON " FLIGHT OF FIGHT" FEELING. A PERSON'S BODY AT THIS STAGE RELEASES " STRESS HORMONES" SUCH AS ADRENALINE. IT ENABLES A PERSON TO DO THINGS HE/SHE DOES NOT USUALLY DO. SECOND PHASE IS RESISTANCE STAGE THIS IS THE STAGE WHEN THE BODY HAS ALREADY RESPONDED TO THE STRESSOR. A PERSON IN THIS STAGE CONTINOUSLY EXPERIENCES THE " STRESS". BUT THE STRONG FEELING IS LESS THAN THE PREVIOUS STAGE. THIRD PHASE IS EXHAUSTION STAGE THIS IS THE STAGE WHEN A PERSON SLOWLY LOSES THE ENERGY TO MANAGE THE STRESS. THIS IS ALSO REFERRED TO AS THE " GATE TOWARD BURNOUT OR STRESS OVERLOAD" ..

[Audio] In addition, the following medical problems and concerns are linked with negative stress ( Payne, et al. , 2007): cardiovascular problems ( heart attack, strokes, hypertension) B. gastrointestinal problems ( ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome, diarrhea, constipation) C. headaches and migraines D. muscle spasms and cramps E. anxiety F. jaw problems G. allergies H. cancer back pain J. asthma K. Kidney disease L. sexual dysfunction M. infertility Here are some examples of things you can do to reduce your level of stress. Exercise *Exercise regularly. *Practice relaxation techniques. For example, whenever you feel tense, slowly breathe in and out for several minutes. Nutrition *Eat a balanced diet daily. Eat more whole grains, nuts, fruits, and vegetables. Substitute fruits for desserts. Choose foods that are low in fat, sugar, and salt. Sleep *In a typical week, get sufficient sleep to wake up refreshed. *Do not use medication or chemical substances (including alcohol) to help your sleep..

[Audio] Stimulants *Avoid caffeine, nicotine, sugar, and cola. Do not use medication or chemical substance (including alcohol) to reduce your anxiety or to calm you down. Support system *Have one or more friends with whom you can share personal matters. *Talk with friends or someone you can trust about your worries/ problems. Nurture-self *Keep reinforcing positive self-statements in your mind. *Focus on your good qualities and accomplishments. *Do something you really enjoy which is "just for me" during an average week. *Recognize and accept your limits. *Remember that everyone is unique Good time management skills * Plan and avoid procrastination. *Make a weekly schedule and try to follow it. Set realistic goals. Set priorities. *See the Study for Success tutorial on Time Management. Relax Take a warm bath or shower. *Got for a walk. *Get a hobby or tow. Relax and have fun. *Get in touch! Hug someone, hold hands, or stroke a pet. Physical contact is a great way to relieve stress..

[Audio] Stressor is anything that cause stress. It can be internal (chemical or biological agent) or external brought by outside or environmental conditions or events. Any source of stress is considered stressor. Since it causes the release of cortisol, the primary stress hormones. Knowing these stressors will help you cope with stress. THE PICTURE BELOW SHOWS THE SOURCE THAT CAN AFFECT ADOLESCENTS..

[Audio] FAMILY- Most stressors are major life changes, especially changes that affect family life. These changes threaten one's sense of security and self-esteem. The following are examples of life changes that affect family life, and which may cause stress. * going through parents' separation/ annulment * having a parent remarry * being pregnant * death of a family member * having more arguments with parents * having a serious illness of a member of the family 2. SCHOOL- moving to a new school failing a grade fear of teachers *too much workloads a such as several *being suspended from school examinations for a day or homework and projects and participation in school activities..

[Audio] 3. PEERS- drinking alcohol, smoking or taking illegal drugs with peers. breaking up from a relationship being bullied beginning to date * wanting to belong to a group 4. COMMUNITY- moving to a new community uncollected garbage crowded transportation frequent noise from the neighborhood Minor and simple everyday events may turn out to be stressful as well. These minor but frequent everyday events that cause stress are sometimes called " hassles". Some examples of stressors are losing something, concerns of how you look, what to wear, or bad weather. Also, experiencing calamities like flash floods, fires, earthquakes, and other disasters may be very stressful..

[Audio] REMEMBER: MAIN CAUSE OF STRESS IN ADOLESCENTS * PEER PRESSURE PEER REJECTION PRESSURES OF SCHOOL MOVING TO A NEW HOME AND SCHOOL TESTS AND HOMEWORK TOO-HIGH EXPECTATIONS SOCIAL BACKWARDNERSS PUBERTAL CHANGES EMPLOYMENT OWNING A CAR MONEY PROBLEMS TOO FAST OR TOO SLOW PHYSICAL CHANGES SPORTS AND OTHER EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES FAMILY PROBLEMS INCLUDING ABUSE AND ALCOHOL HAVING BOYFRIEND OR GIRLFRIEND CONFLICT WITHIN RELATIONSHIPS.

[Audio] LESSON 2: Types and Management of Common Mental Disorders If stress is prolonged and you are not able to manage it well, you may develop a mental illness. "Mental illnesses are disorders that disrupt thinking, feelings, moods, and behaviors and impair daily functioning". ( Donatelle, 2006). These disorders may be caused by prolonged stress and mental and emotional suffering due to various triggers. Triggers are events, conditions, or situations that may "activate" a person's tendency to experience symptoms of mental disorders. What is Mental Illness or Disorder? • Mental illness or disorder is an emotional disturbance, which affects the way an individual think, feels, and behaves making it difficult to live a normal life. It may be organic or functional. What are the causes of mental disorders? • There are factors, situations or events that may cause trigger or contribute to mental disorders. They may be any or all of the following. Social and Environmental factors - These include life situations and experiences such as problems and unpleasant events like family health problems, parental problems, financial difficulties, schoolrelated problems, among others. Psychological factors - These include situations that may have caused severe mental and emotional trauma such as abuse, loss of a loved one, neglect rejection, and related factors. Biological Conditions - These includes heredity, brain, injury, infections causing mental illness, and even poor nutrition..

[Audio] What are the early signs and symptoms of mental illness? Disturbed sleep for a prolonged period 2. Prolonged headache 3. Restlessness and irritability; being talkative, depressed and suspicious 4. Easily gets tired and becoming unproductive 5. Impaired memory 6. Isolating self from family and friends..

[Audio] WHAT ARE SOME OF THE DIFFERENT MENTAL DISORDERS?.

[Audio] MOOD DISORDER Also referred to as affective disorders, are conditions impacting mood and related functions. Moods range from constant feeling of sadness or periods of overly happy, or back and forth extreme happiness to extreme sadness. Mood disorders may change sleeping and eating patterns. It can prohibit a person from functioning normally. The most common mood disorders are depression and bipolar disorder. Depression- this is a common but serious mental disorder that causes people to lose pleasure or interest. It affects daily life and brings discomfort to you and those who care about you. People suffering from depression also experience intense anxiety, negativity, helplessness, and hopelessness, Depression can happen to anyone. b. Bipolar disorder- This is also known as manic- depressive disorder. It is a mental condition characterized by severe high and low moods. It brings changes in sleep, energy thinking, and behavior. People with this disorder experience emotional highs ( hypomania) or feeling of overexcitement and confidence, and low or mild symptoms (depression)or feeling of extreme sadness..

[Audio] 2. SCHIZOPHRENIC Is a serious mental disorder that greatly affects how a person thinks, feels, and acts. Individuals with this disorder may appear desperate and withdraw into a world of imagination. They have difficulty distinguishing what is real and what is just a product of their imagination. 3. OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER ( OCD) Is an anxiety disorder where the person experiences recurring obsessions and compulsions. A person with this disorder has uncontrollable thoughts and the urge to do something repeatedly. The disorder often interferes to the person's social and work environments. People with OCD normally recognize their obsessions as abnormal but still behave the same. 4. OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE PERSONALITY DISORDER ( OCPD) Is a chronic and non-adaptive behavior of dealing with other people and life changes. Some think that their behavior is perfectly normal even it is beyond strict order and rules. People with OCPD have an excessive need for perfection and control over all aspect of his or her environment..

[Audio] 5. POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER ( PTSD) A person may have this disorder when he or she experienced a traumatic situation such as being abused, raped, or involved in an accident. Symptoms may vary from being spaced out ( tulala), extreme sadness or frustration, irritability, avoidance to people or isolation, and others..

[Audio] LESSON 3: Prevention, Coping and Treatment in Managing Common Mental Disorders Models of Primary Prevention: Primary prevention is often described with slogans such as "An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure". However, the major emphasis in the United States has been on secondary prevention activities or the treatment of mental disorders. What are the preventive measures against mental disorders? Foster closer family relationship. 2. Immunization against diseases leading to physical and mental disabilities. 3. Engage in leadership training and skills training. 4. Share home for children who are abused, unwanted, abandoned, and maltreated. They need love of parents, food and shelter, social, exposure, and spiritual guidance. 5. Provide timely guidance for untoward crisis like attempts to suicide and inflicting harm to others due to alcoholism or drug abuse. 6. Encourage young individuals to engage in community activities..

[Audio] Primary care service for mental health First level care within the formal health system, essential services ➢ Early identification of mental disorders ➢ Treatment of common mental disorders ➢ Management of stable psychiatric patient ➢ Refer to general hospital if required ➢ Attention to the mental health needs of people with physical health problems ➢ Mental health promotion and prevention.

[Audio] PRIMARY PREVENTION TYPES OF MENTAL DISORDERS MOOD DISORDERS SIGNS FEELING SAD MIST OF THE TIME OR NEARLY EVERYDAY. LOSS OF APETITE OR OVEREATING. GAINING WEIGHT OR LOSING WEIGHT. TREATMENT MEDICATIONS, PSYCHOTHERAPY, LIGHT THERAPY 2. MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER SIGNS LACK OR LOSS OF MOTIVATION SLOW TO REACT WITHDRAWAL FROM OTHERS/FEELING ALONE TREATMENT DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS ( DSM) 3. SCHIZOPHRENIA SIGNS DELUSIONS, HALLUCINATIONS, DISORGANIZED SPEECH, EMOTIONAL FLATNESS TREATMENT MEDICATIONS, PSYCHOSOCIAL THERAPY, HOSPITILAZTION 4. POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER ( PTSD) SIGNS IRRITABILITY TROUBLE SLEEPING FRIGHTENED SELF-DESTRUCTIVE BEHAVIOR AND DRINKING TOO MUCH TREATMENT PROLONGED EXPOSURE THERAPY AND MEDICATIONS.

[Audio] 5. OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER ( OCD) SIGNS FEAR OF LOSING CONTROL FEAR OF BEING CONTAMINATED BY GERMS OR DIRT OR CONTAMINATING OTHERS. TREATMENT DIAGNOSIS AND PHYSICAL EXAM 6. OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE PERSONALITY DISORDER ( OCPD) SIGNS EXTREME ATTENTION TO DETAIL RIGID MANNERISMS BEING EXTREMELY FRUGAL WITH MONEY TREATMENT PSYCHODYNAMIC THERAPY AND COGNITIVE THERAPY.

[Audio] SECONDARY PREVENTION EARLY DIAGNOSIS SCREENING PROGRMS IN SCHOOL, UNIVERSITIES, INDUSTRY, RECREATION CENTERS, ETC. FOR EARLY DIANOSIS OF MENTAL ILLNESS. SCREENING OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE DISORDERS PAY ATTENTION TO WARNING SIGNS GET ROUTINE MEDICAL CHECK UP DON'T HESITATE TO ASK FOR HELP TREATMENT PHARMACOLOGICAL PSYCHOTHERAPY, GROUP THERAPY COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY BIOFEEDBACK THERAPY CREATIVE THERAPY SUCH AS ART, MUSIC AND PLAY THERAPY ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY VNS- VAGUS NERVE STIMULATION TMS- TRANS CRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION SURGICAL.

[Audio] TERTIARY PREVENTION SEEKS TO REDUCE THE DURATION OF MENTAL ILLNESS PREVENT FURTHER BREAK-DOWN AND DISRUPTION MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES: DIAGNOSIS REHABILITATION GROUP AND INDIVIDUAL THERAPY MENTAL HEALTH EDUCATION PSYCOACTIVE DRUGS AFTER CARE SERVICES SUCH AS SOCIAL CARE, EMPLOYMENT AND SERVICES I hope you will experience meaningful learning and gain a deep understanding of the lessons amidst the COVID- 19 pandemic. Say to yourself with confidence, "I CAN DO IT!" Stay safe! Stay learning! God bless!.