PowerPoint Presentation

ICT TOOLS: INTERNET HCS182 Lecture 8.

[Audio] Today's lesson will focus on the topic of ICT Tools, specifically the Internet. Throughout this lecture, we will explore the different aspects of the Internet, including its applications, services, and requirements. Let's begin by understanding the concept of networks, which allow devices to communicate and share data with each other. The Internet, in its simplest form, is a massive network connecting billions of devices worldwide. Moving on, the Internet comprises a complex system of interconnected networks that provide various services and applications. These can range from basic email and messaging to more advanced tasks like online banking and virtual meetings. To access the Internet, we must first understand the role of an ISP or Internet Service Provider. These companies offer different packages and options to meet an individual's needs. Once we have an internet connection, we can access websites, which are collections of web pages hosted on servers and can be viewed using various web browsers. These pages are created using protocols, which are a set of rules for data transmission. It's crucial to ensure the security of our data with the growing number of cyber attacks. We must understand the various security measures and protocols to protect our information. This brief overview has provided a better understanding of the Internet and its components. In our next lecture, we will delve deeper into the range of services and applications offered by the Internet. I look forward to exploring more of the ever-evolving world of ICT tools with you..

[Audio] In this lecture, we will discuss networks and their importance in the world of technology. A network is a group of interconnected people or machines, allowing for the sharing of resources. For example, in our lab, we have set up networks such as Lab5 and Lab6 which enable collaborative and efficient work. With the growing reliance on technology and the internet, understanding how networks operate is crucial in order to effectively use and manage our resources. It also allows for secure and efficient connections with others. We will delve deeper into the various types of networks and how they function in this presentation. By the end, you will have a better understanding of networks and their role in the world of ICT. Let's proceed to the next slide and learn more about this fundamental aspect of technology..

[Audio] Today, we will be discussing different types of networks, which are systems of communication that connect devices and allow them to share information. These networks serve different purposes and can be classified as local-area networks or LANs, wide-area networks or WANs, campus-area networks or CANs, metropolitan-area networks or MANs, and home-area networks or HANs. Understanding these different types of networks is crucial for effectively using the internet and its tools. Let's continue our discussion with slide number 4 out of 34..

[Audio] The Internet is an essential and widely used ICT tool that serves as the largest network in the world and connects hundreds of thousands of individual networks across the globe. It is commonly referred to as the "information highway" and allows for the quick and efficient transfer of vast amounts of information. The Internet enables the virtual movement of ideas and information through cyberspace, connecting people and resources from all around the world. With its immense capabilities, the Internet has become an integral part of our daily lives, transforming the way we communicate, access information, and conduct business. In this lecture, we will explore the history, evolution, and impact of the Internet on our society. We will also discuss the various tools and resources available and how they can be effectively used in our personal and professional lives. Let's continue our journey into the vast world of the Internet..

[Audio] Today, we will be discussing the Internet, one of the most important technological advancements in our modern world. It has become an integral part of our daily lives, changing the way we communicate, work, and access information. But what exactly is the Internet and how does it work? Let's explore the basics of this vast network of networks. The Internet is a global network of interconnected computers and servers that allow for the exchange of data and information. It is not owned by any single entity or organization, making it a resilient and secure network. The Department of Defense originally developed the Internet to be decentralized in order to make it less vulnerable to wartime or terrorist attacks. This means that even if one part of the Internet is down, other parts will still be functioning. To access the Internet, an existing network must pay a small registration fee and agree to certain standards based on the TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). This is the basic communication language used by devices on the Internet. As we continue to rely on the Internet for various aspects of our lives, it is important to understand its structure and how it operates. This will not only enhance our knowledge but also enable us to make informed decisions while using the Internet. In the following slides, we will delve deeper into the various features of the Internet and its impact on our society. So, let's continue our journey of understanding the world of ICT tools and how they shape our modern world..

[Audio] Today, we will be discussing the various applications of the Internet. The Internet has drastically changed the way we communicate, access information, and conduct business. One of the most popular applications of the Internet is social networking, which has connected people from all around the world and made it easier to stay in touch with loved ones and make new connections. Additionally, the Internet provides access to organizational and work information, making it easier for companies to communicate important updates to their employees. The Internet is also a valuable resource for freely accessing information, with websites like Wikipedia serving as go-to sources for a wide range of topics. It is also commonly used for advertising and selling products or services, allowing businesses to reach a global audience and expand their customer base. The Internet is also used for recording and preserving historical events and eras, as well as tracing family histories and learning about ancestors. Furthermore, the Internet provides access to scholarly information and advancements in education through e-learning. It has also made significant advancements in the healthcare industry, with the use of e-conferencing and e-medical operations..

[Audio] In today's lecture, we will be discussing ICT Tools: Internet. This is the eighth slide of our presentation, focusing specifically on Internet services. The Internet has become an integral part of our daily lives, revolutionizing communication and access to information. With technology advancements, the Internet has a wide range of services that are essential in both personal and professional lives. The first service we will cover is the World Wide Web, or "WWW". This is where we can access a vast amount of information through websites and hypertext links. It is a powerful tool for research and staying updated on current events. E-mail has become the primary mode of communication, allowing us to send and receive messages and files instantly. Next is chat, which enables real-time communication through typing, for personal and professional use. Newsgroups offer online forums for discussing various topics and exchanging information and networking. E-learning has become popular in higher education, providing a flexible and convenient way to access course materials and participate in discussions. E-conferencing has broken geographical barriers, allowing people from different parts of the world to connect and collaborate in real-time. Healthcare has been revolutionized through e-medical services, offering remote medical advice, consultations and treatment. In conclusion, the Internet has transformed the way we live, work, and learn, with its vast array of services..

[Audio] Today we will be discussing the requirements for internet access. There are two main components you need in order to access the internet: hardware and software. Hardware refers to physical components like a modem, router, and cables that connect your computer to the internet. Software includes programs like web browsers, operating systems, and applications that enable a logical connection between your computer and the internet. Without both hardware and software, your computer cannot access the internet. It is important to have the necessary hardware and software to fully utilize the internet's power. As a teacher, understanding the requirements for internet access is crucial. This knowledge not only benefits you, but also allows you to guide and educate your students on the importance of proper internet access. This concludes slide number 9 out of 34 in our ICT TOOLS: INTERNET lecture. Let's continue exploring the world of technology on the next slide..

[Audio] In Lecture 8 of HCS182, we will be discussing the crucial role of the Internet as a tool for communication and information sharing in today's society. Information is transferred over the Internet through hardware and functions such as a modem, network interface card (NIC), network media, and router. These components work together to ensure accurate and efficient transfer of information. It is important for anyone who uses the Internet regularly or works in ICT to understand these components. In our next lecture, we will explore the various ICT tools that aid in the development of the Internet. Thank you for listening..

[Audio] Today, we will be discussing the different software and functions that are essential for accessing the internet. The internet is a vast network of information and communication, and understanding the tools and functions that make it all possible is crucial in today's digital world. First, let's talk about internet browsers. These programs allow us to browse the internet and there are many options to choose from, such as Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Opera Mini, and Safari. Each browser has its unique features and user interface, so feel free to explore to find the one that best fits your needs. In addition, we have the Internet Service Provider or ISP connection software, which allows our devices to connect to the internet through our chosen service provider. It is vital to have a reliable ISP and connection software for a seamless internet experience. Lastly, we have TCP/IP settings and configurations, which are essential in identifying our device on a network, enabling it to communicate with other devices and access the internet. It is crucial to ensure that these settings are correctly configured for a smooth internet connection. In conclusion, understanding and utilizing these software and functions is vital for accessing the internet. I hope this has provided a better understanding of how the internet works and the tools that make it all possible. Thank you for listening and see you in our next lecture..

[Audio] This presentation will focus on ICT Tools and the Internet. We will discuss the role of Internet Service Providers, which are commercial organizations that provide temporary connections to subscribers. Examples of ISPs include Vodafone, Digicel, LESA, CSL, and Netvo. These companies are essential in allowing individuals and businesses to access the vast resources and information available on the Internet. Through reliable and high-speed connections, ISPs enable us to connect with others, conduct research, and access various online services. As we continue to rely on the Internet for communication and other tasks, the role of ISPs becomes increasingly crucial. They not only provide access to the Internet, but also ensure stable and secure connections. With various types of ISPs available, such as dial-up, DSL, cable, and fiber optic, users can choose the best option for their specific needs in terms of speed and coverage. As technology advances and the demand for high-speed internet grows, ISPs are continuously upgrading their services to keep us connected and informed. In conclusion, Internet Service Providers play a vital role in our daily lives, providing us with the necessary means to access the vast resources of the Internet. As we continue to move forward in the digital age, it is important to acknowledge and appreciate the valuable services provided by these organizations in keeping us connected to the world..

[Audio] Today, we will be discussing protocols, specifically those related to the Internet, in slide number 13 out of 34. These rules and standards are crucial for effective communication. First, we will discuss FTP, which allows for the transfer of information over a network, making data sharing and access easier. Next, we will cover TCP/IP, which controls data transfer and identifies the source and destination of communication on the Internet. Lastly, we will review HTTP, responsible for transferring information on the World Wide Web, enabling us to easily access and navigate web pages. As higher education professionals, it is important for us to have a thorough understanding of these protocols, as they are the foundation of our modern digital world. By following these standards, we can ensure successful communication and information transfer over the Internet. Thank you for joining us for this segment and let's continue with our next topic..

[Audio] Today, we will be discussing web pages and websites in our lecture on ICT tools: Internet. Let's take a closer look at what a web page actually is as we move on to slide number 14. A web page is a page on the internet that contains text, graphics, and other multimedia files, formatted and published with a specific purpose in mind. This can include informing, advertising, selling, and record keeping. Websites are made up of multiple web pages, each with their own unique purpose. These pages are connected through hyperlinks, creating a vast network of information on the internet. The main purpose of a website is to provide users with access to various information and resources. In summary, a web page is a single page with a specific purpose, while a website is a collection of web pages working together to provide information and resources. In our lecture, we will explore the significance of web pages and websites in today's digital world. Thank you for your attention and I look forward to discussing more interesting topics with you in our next lecture..

[Audio] Today, we will be discussing the topic of the Internet and its integral component: webpages. There are two types of webpages - static and dynamic. Static webpages do not change and are used for basic information, while dynamic webpages can update in real-time and are used for more interactive purposes. It's important to note that websites and webpages are not the same thing. A website is a collection of webpages, each serving a unique function. Without webpages, the Internet as we know it would not exist. Next time you browse the Internet, take a moment to appreciate the different types of webpages and their contributions to the online experience. Thank you for joining this lecture and we will see you in the next one..

[Audio] Today's lecture will focus on the fundamental internet tool - HTML, which formats and organizes text, images, and other content on webpages. HTML uses universally accepted standards to make files readable by web browsers. Let's explore some key HTML tags, such as the tag for marking paragraphs, the tag for headings, and the tag for bolded text. Understanding HTML is crucial for creating and maintaining webpages, so as a Higher Education teacher, it's important to have a basic understanding. Thank you for joining Lecture 8 on ICT Tools: Internet. Stay tuned for the remaining slides of the lecture..

Internet Search.

[Audio] Today, we will be discussing the topic of search engines and how they work. The internet is a vast and ever-expanding space of information, making it overwhelming and time-consuming to find what we are looking for. This is where search engines come in. Google, Bing, and Yahoo are popular search engines designed specifically for searching. Each has their own algorithms and methods for organizing and presenting search results. Additionally, many websites have their own specific search engines, known as 'add-on' sites, which can be useful for searching within a particular website. When we enter a search query, the search engine scours the internet for relevant content and presents it to us in a list. These results can be from within the current website or from any other website on the internet. It is important to use specific and relevant keywords in our search queries as search engines use these and other factors to determine the relevance and ranking of search results. As students in higher education, understanding how search engines work can greatly improve the effectiveness and efficiency of our search process. I hope you now have a better understanding of how to utilize search engines in your academic pursuits..

[Audio] This lecture will focus on internet search methods, specifically basic and advanced search techniques. When searching on the internet, we are often faced with a large number of results that may not be relevant to our needs. This is where search tools can be helpful in narrowing down our search and finding the information we need. Basic search involves entering one or a few search terms and clicking the search button, but it may also bring up irrelevant results. To refine our search, we can use advanced search and specify factors like location and publication year. This will provide us with more accurate and relevant information. It is important to use both basic and advanced search methods to ensure we get the most relevant and accurate results. Thank you for joining this lecture and I hope to see you in the next one..

[Audio] Today we will discuss the topic of ICT Tools, specifically the Internet, in Lecture 8 of HCS182. Our current slide is number 20 out of 34, where we will learn how the Internet works. The Internet is a global network connecting computers, allowing access to a wide range of information and resources. When searching for information, end users' search terms are used by the search engine to submit to other search engines and servers. These will then check for any matches and add them to the database of results. This efficient process is dependent on accurate and specific search terms. Next, we will explore the various features and tools available on the Internet..

[Audio] In this lecture, we will be discussing the functionality and processes that make up the internet. On slide number 21, we will delve into the details of how the internet works. The internet is a vast network of interconnected websites, all accessed through a series of processes. To understand this better, let's take a look at the process of a user searching for "koko samoa" on a search engine. This is the first step. The search engine then uses web crawlers or spiders to scan through the web and find relevant websites. This is an automated process that collects information from various websites. Once the relevant websites are found, the information is stored in the search engine's database for quicker access. The results are then displayed to the user, with the most relevant websites appearing first. The complex processes of the internet allow for seamless navigation and access to information. It may seem like a magical place, but it all comes down to these fundamental steps. In this digital age, understanding the inner workings of the internet is crucial, and we hope this lecture has shed some light on the topic for you. Thank you for joining us and we look forward to seeing you in our future lectures on ICT tools. Remember, knowledge is power and with these tools, we can achieve endless possibilities. This concludes slide number 21 of our presentation on ICT tools: internet. Thank you for your attention..

[Audio] Today's lecture is about the use of ICT tools, specifically the internet. We are currently on slide 22 out of 34. Now, we will discuss how the internet works. When we enter a search query into a search engine, we are presented with a few lines of text indicating the relevance of the page. However, clicking on a page will allow us to view the full page. It's important to remember that search results can be of any type, such as a scholarly publication or a post on a newspaper website. It is the reader's responsibility to use their judgement to determine which page has the appropriate information for their needs. Let's now move on to the next slide..

Security.

[Audio] Today, we will be discussing the topic of the internet, specifically viruses, worms, and trojan horses. Viruses are self-replicating programs that attach themselves to files and can spread when transferred from one device to another. They can cause significant damage to your system and can be difficult to remove. Worms are also self-replicating programs but can spread without human intervention, potentially causing severe harm or even shutting down your device. Trojan horses are malicious programs that appear legitimate and deceive users into downloading them. Once installed, they can cause serious harm and breach security. To protect your devices, it is important to have antivirus software, be cautious when opening files or downloading programs, and keep your software and operating systems up to date. Thank you for listening to this presentation. Remember to stay safe and vigilant when using the internet. We will continue our discussion on other important ICT tools in the next slide..

[Audio] Welcome back to our lecture on ICT Tools for the Internet. Today, we will be discussing the important topic of Malware and Spyware. These are forms of malicious software that can cause harm to our devices and compromise our security without our knowledge. One common way they can infiltrate our systems is through a hidden mail server, allowing attackers to access our personal information and use it for their own gain. Key logging is another concerning feature, as it can capture our passwords and sensitive information, leading to identity theft and other cyber attacks. Additionally, Malware and Spyware can enable hackers to remotely control our devices, leaving us vulnerable. They can also redirect our internet traffic to malicious websites and gather data about our online behavior, posing a major privacy threat. Lastly, they can act as a proxy, making it difficult to track down the perpetrators of attacks. To protect ourselves, it is important to regularly update our antivirus software and be cautious when clicking on suspicious links or downloading unknown files. Thank you, and stay tuned for more valuable information on ICT Tools for the Internet..

[Audio] Today's lecture will cover denial of service attacks, an important topic for network administrators and IT professionals. Slide 26 focuses on this issue, specifically how such attacks can disrupt and disable a network by overloading the server with invalid inputs. In some cases, these attacks are carried out by a network of compromised machines, also known as a botnet, which makes it even more difficult to prevent and defend against. One infamous example of this type of attack is the Conficker malware, which was used to create a botnet and carry out denial of service attacks on major websites. As IT professionals, it is our responsibility to not only understand the methods and risks of these attacks, but also actively protect our networks from them. This may involve implementing strong security measures, regularly checking for compromised devices, and constantly monitoring for any suspicious activity. Denial of service attacks can be incredibly disruptive and damaging, making it crucial for us to stay informed and take necessary precautions to prevent them. I look forward to continuing our discussion on ICT tools and the internet in our next lecture..

[Audio] Today we will be discussing the use and impact of ICT tools, specifically focusing on the Internet. The Internet has become an integral part of our daily lives, offering limitless potential to connect us to the world and vast resources. However, with this power also comes great responsibility. In this slide, we will be addressing the potential dangers of online security and how users can be easily tricked. Unfortunately, users are often the weakest link in online security. Hackers can infiltrate and access sensitive information through various means, such as email attachments containing Trojan horses, phishing scams, malicious web pages, and even malicious documents like macros in spreadsheets. These attacks can lead to personal data theft, financial loss, and even identity theft. One common way of tricking users is through phishing scams, where fake emails are sent in an attempt to obtain personal information. Another common threat is through malicious websites, which can infect a user's computer with malware. Hackers can also use key logging techniques to steal sensitive information, such as passwords, by tracking a user's keystrokes. Additionally, there are classic email scams that promise large sums of money or falsely claim the recipient has won the lottery. These scams can result in financial loss or identity theft. So, how can we protect ourselves from these online threats? The key is to stay vigilant and be cautious of suspicious emails, websites, and attachments. It's also important to regularly update anti-virus software and use strong, unique passwords for all online accounts. In conclusion, while the Internet offers numerous benefits, it's crucial for us to be aware of its potential dangers and take necessary precautions to ensure our online safety..

[Audio] Today's lecture will cover the use of ICT tools, particularly focusing on the internet. We are currently on slide number 28 out of 34, which discusses the important topic of protecting our systems. The internet can be a valuable tool for communication, research, and collaboration, but it also poses certain risks. It is crucial that we take the necessary steps to protect our systems from potential threats. Firstly, keeping our systems up to date with patches is essential. This involves regularly checking for updates from Windows and other software providers to ensure that our systems have the latest security measures. Additionally, it is important to use a firewall to prevent unauthorized access to our systems. This serves as the first line of defense against potential cyber attacks. Using anti-virus software and regularly updating it is another important step in protecting our systems. This will help detect and remove any viruses or malware that may have entered our systems. It is also recommended to use anti-spyware tools to prevent unauthorized tracking or monitoring of our online activities. When it comes to email, we must filter for spam and suspicious messages, as cyber criminals often use email as a way to gain access to our systems. We must also be cautious of false alerts that may appear on our screens, as they are often used by hackers to gain access to our systems. If you encounter any suspicious alerts, it is best to seek professional advice before taking any action. Lastly, it is recommended to use the defense in depth-Approach for network mitigations and protection. This involves implementing multiple layers of security to make it more difficult for threats to penetrate our systems and networks. In conclusion, by keeping our systems up to date, using firewalls, anti-virus and anti-spyware tools, filtering emails, being cautious of false alerts, and using a defense in depth-Approach, we can greatly reduce the risk of cyber attacks and protect our systems..

[Audio] In today's lecture on ICT Tools: Internet, we will discuss the importance of passwords and how to effectively create and use them. Passwords serve as a security measure to protect our personal information and online accounts. To ensure their effectiveness, there are key guidelines to follow. First and foremost, passwords should be at least 8 characters long, as longer passwords are harder to crack. It is important to avoid using obvious words or phrases and to instead use a combination of capitals, numerals, and non-alphanumeric characters. Storing passwords in a secure location, such as a password manager or physical note in a safe place, prevents them from being forgotten or easily accessed by others. When transmitting passwords, it is crucial to use encrypted forms such as HTTPS or SFTP to add an extra layer of security. Older programs like FTP and Telnet transmit passwords in plain text, making them vulnerable to being seen by anyone. It is important to be cautious when using these programs and take extra precautions to protect your password. Overall, it is crucial to follow these guidelines to create strong and secure passwords, as they are a crucial aspect of internet security. Thank you for listening and I hope you now have a better understanding of how to protect your personal information online..

[Audio] In this lecture, we will discuss firewalls, an important aspect of internet security. Firewalls are devices that limit internet connections and act as a barrier between a private internal network and the internet. Their main function is to restrict network use to only authorized connections, ensuring the safety and security of the network. One of their key purposes is to prevent malicious software from reporting information to external sources, protecting the network from potential data breaches. Additionally, firewalls act as a first line of defense, filtering out unauthorized or harmful traffic to prevent external attacks on the network. However, it is important to note that certain applications may require specific ports to be opened for them to work. It is also important to understand that firewalls only control which applications can access the network and not the actual content being transmitted. In conclusion, firewalls are crucial for the security and smooth functioning of a network. They serve as a powerful tool to protect against external threats and maintain the integrity of the network. This concludes our discussion on firewalls, and we will now move on to our next topic on slide number 31..

[Audio] Today, we will be discussing firewalls and network attack mitigations. Firewalls act as a protective barrier between networks and control traffic, preventing unauthorized access. They also allow outside users controlled access to specific services, typically through a special network called the demilitarized zone or DMZ. Firewalls play a crucial role in protecting networks from external threats and attacks by carefully controlling traffic and preventing unauthorized access. They are a crucial component of network security and it is important for network administrators to have a thorough understanding of their functionality. Thank you for your attention, and this concludes our discussion on firewalls and network attack mitigations..

[Audio] Today, we will be discussing proxy servers. A proxy server acts as an internet gateway, routing all internet traffic through it. It serves as a middleman between your device and the internet, allowing for increased security and anonymity. Your network becomes more secure as any potential threats are first filtered by the proxy. In addition, proxy servers have the ability to filter content, which can be useful in a corporate environment where certain websites may be restricted. Another advantage of a proxy server is its ability to cache content, meaning frequently visited websites are stored on the server, making them load faster for users. Proxy servers are often used in conjunction with a firewall in corporate environments, providing an extra layer of security. This makes them a valuable tool in network security and content filtering. Thank you and let's continue our presentation on slide number 33..

Proxy servers  All internet traffic routed via proxy server  Acts as an internet gateway  Once proxy is secure, so is network  Can filter content  Can cache content  Often used with a firewall in a corporate environment.

[Audio] In today's lecture of HCS182, we will be discussing ICT Tools: Internet. The focus of this final slide will be on network attack mitigations and the defense-in-depth approach. When it comes to protecting against network attacks, securing all devices such as routers, switches, servers, and hosts is the first crucial step. This is crucial in safeguarding the organization's network from potential threats. Most organizations utilize a defense-in-depth approach, also known as a layered approach, to ensure comprehensive network security. This approach involves a combination of networking devices and services working together to provide comprehensive protection. To protect your organization against TCP/IP threats, it is essential to implement several security devices and services. These include a Virtual Private Network (VPN), Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Firewall, Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS), Email Security Appliance (ESA), Web Security Appliance (WSA), and an Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) server. A VPN is used to securely access company resources over the internet. The ASA Firewall monitors and filters incoming and outgoing network traffic to prevent unauthorized access. IPS is designed to identify and prevent network attacks in real-time. The ESA and WSA work together to protect against email and web-based attacks. Lastly, an AAA server is used to verify the identity of users and control their access to network resources. By implementing these security devices and services, you can ensure the safety of your organization's users and assets against potential threats. We appreciate you joining our lecture on ICT Tools: Internet and hope you found this presentation informative and valuable. Thank you and have a great day..