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CYPRUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF PHARMACY DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY

Pharmaceutical Significance Of  VALERIANA OFFICINALIS L.(VALERIANACEAE) Presented by Hawkar  Hama Rashid   - 20153868   Supervised by Asst. Prof.  Dr.  Emmanuel  Mshelia  HALILU

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Pharmaceutical Significance Of  VALERIANA OFFICINALIS L.(VALERIANACEAE)

Outline Introduction Chemical constituents Uses  Route of administration and recommended doses Side effects conclusion

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Valeriana  it a variety of blossoming plants in the family of  valerianacea , all plants pertaining to this group are called the  valerianacea (  Nandhini , S., et al 2018) .  This name  valeria  which translates to wellbeing otherwise prosperity is gotten from the  latin  word  valerius  translated to English. (Hobbs 1989).  Valerian comprises of the parts in addition to the dried rhizome, the  stolons  as well as the roots of the plant.  They exist in various parts of the world such as the North America, Asia as well as Europe where there are over 200 different species existing in these regions of the world.  V.  jatamansi , V.  officinalis , V.  hardwickii , V.  quadrangularis  V.  microphylla , V.  longiflora , and V.  wallichii , as well as a host of other are some of the most common occurring species in these regions.

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Chemical  constituents of  v.  officinalis There are several chemical components that have been isolated successfully from  valeria  species. The several classes of chemicals that have been derived from the  valeria  plant includes; Alkaloids which occurs in minute amount and examples of these alkaloids includes;  chatinie ,  pyrrlketone , actinide,  skyanthine ,  naphthyridylmethylketone  as well as  valeraine  (Franck  et al.,  1970)  Volatile essential oil  :  bornyl   isovalerenate  and  bornyl  acetate;  valerenic ,  valeric ,  isovaleric  and  acetoxyvalerenic  acids;  valerenal ,  valeranone ,  cryptofaurinol ; and other monoterpenes and  sesquiterpenes   Iridoid   valepotriates  (Becker  et al.,  1985) which consists of  didrovaltrate ,  valtrate ,  isovaltrate , ,  valerosidate  amongst others.

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This plant consists of over one hundred derived constituents that are derived from various parts of the plant such as the root, leaf, stem and other parts presenting with chemical constituents. The amount or quantity of the constituents derived depends on various factors which includes the techniques used in the extraction of the constituents, the plant part that is used when extracting the chemical constituents as well as the condition capacity. ( Beckerr   et al.,  1980).

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Traditional uses In conventional home  green   prescription, the underlying foundations of  V.  officinales  have for quite some time been used for narcotic and antispasmodic purposes (Houghton 1999) likewise it can be utilized for restoring heart arrhythmia( Jia   et al.,  1999). Valerian pull has been utilized for a century as an unwinding and rest advancing plant (Becker  et al .,  2002).  It likewise used to treat madness, hypochondriasis, apprehensive turmoil, and comparable passionate states

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. The juice of crisp medication utilized as an opiate in a sleeping disorder and used in managing convulsive conditions in people with epilepsy(CSIR 2009).  The root has been remedially used in treating a disorder that has to do with sleep as well as blood related issues, mental issue as well as problems with circulation ( Nithya   et al,.  2016).  It can similarly be used to treat stomach related issues and urinary lot defilements for in any occasion over a thousand years.  It is used as , anxiolytic, calming upper, antispasmodic, as well as against Human Immunodeficiency  Viuruses  (HIV) bioactivities ( Morazzoni   et al ., 1995 ;  Carlini  2003).

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An example of another study was performed to understand the protective effects this plants in protecting the specie  drosophilla  melanogaster towards the toxic effects of rotenone. it was shown that the flies that had been administered or placed on this drug were negatively affected in their ability to climb effectively as well as how long they were able to move at a time. it was also shown to increase the mortality rate in these species, which was the opposite case in the groups which were given extracts of  V.  officinalis , where the extracts helped protect the flies from having devastating toxic effects from the drug rotenone ( Sudati   et al., 2013)

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the lipid pre oxidation effects of various pre-oxidants were also evaluated to measure the how much extracts of  V.  officinalis  will be able to protect against these effects on cells. when tincture of valerian was used against the lipid pre-oxidation effect of  quinolic  acid, sodium  nitropusside , iron  sulfate , 3-nitropropionic acid as well as iron (II) EDTA in rat it was found that it was effective in limiting the oxidative effect of theses agents thereby acting as an anti-oxidative agent, which has soon prospects towards reducing sleepless conditions linked to oxidative stress( Sudati   et al.,  2009).

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Route of administration and recommended doses For oral administration capsules are administered in about  maximun  1800mg daily dose at sleep time. Another form of oral administration is the use of aqueous tincture. The dose is three grams which is taken about half an hour before bed time. In addition to that it is also available in form of tea which is made up of the roots of this plants , about three grams which is put in hot water to release the active constituents prior 10 minutes before ingestion.

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As per a few analysts, long haul utilization of valerian may cause mental misery, harm to the liver, or harm to the focal sensory system. High transient dosages of valerian have been answered to cause migraines, muscle fits, discombobulation, stomach related surprises, sleep deprivation, and disarray . In spite of the fact that valerian has been viewed as a generally protected spice since not many connections with physician endorsed drugs have been accounted for, fresher exploration shows that it ought to be utilized warily following a medical procedure.

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It is found growing in numerous  spieces  across the regions of Asia, North America as well as and are generally utilized in customary medication for different purposes. It is a plant   all that is utilized alone or as a component of a  polyherbal  arrangement is an important solution for disease in addition to is neuro-protective advantages. When views it was found that the phytochemical results have shown an assortment of compound composition.  Also when it was examined in terms of their pharmacologic effects it demonstrated that these plants had different natural exercises, particularly in the spaces of cell reinforcement, mitigating, anticancer, anticonvulsive, hostile to Parkinson's and against Alzheimer's illness, and so forth With respect to constituents added to helpful qualities, the discoveries showed that  Valepotriates  are significant segments which are utilized for its effects against several medical conditions such as depression, for Alzheimer’s, Parkinson, as well as in management of epilepsy .

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Nandhini , S., Narayanan, K. B., &  Ilango , K. (2018).  Valeriana   Officinalis : a review of its traditional uses,  phytochemistry  and pharmacology.  Asian J Pharm  Clin  Res ,  11 (1), 36-41. Hobbs, C. (1989). Valerian monograph.  Herbal Gram ,  21 , 19-34. Franck, B., Petersen, U., &  Huper , F. (1970).  Valerianine , a tertiary monoterpene alkaloid from valerian.  Angew   Chem   Int  Edition Engl . Becker, H., &  Schrall , R. (1980).  Valepotriates  in tissue cultures of nine different  Valerianaceae  species in comparison to literature data of the intact plants.  Journal of natural products ,  43 (6), 721-723. Houghton P. Herbal products: valerian. Pharmacy journal, 1994, 253:95–96. Jia  JN, Zhang BH. Effect of valerian extract (V3d) on cardiovascular system [J]. J Guangxi  Coll   Tradit  Chin Med 1999;16:40-2. Nithya  S,  Sundaram  MM. An overview on the biological perspectives of  Nardostachys   jatamansi .  Int  J Pharm  Pharm   Sci  2016;8:31-6. Morazzoni  P,  Bombardelli  E.  Valeriana   ofﬁcinalis : traditional use and recent evaluation of activity.  Fitoterapia , 1995, 66:99–112. Carlini  EA. Plants and the central nervous system.  Pharmacol   Biochem   Behav  2003;75:501-12. Sudati  JH,  Fachinetto  R, Pereira RP,  Boligon  AA,  Athayde  ML,  Soares  FA, et al. In vitro antioxidant activity of  Valeriana   officinalis  against different neurotoxic agents.  Neurochem  Res 2009;34:1372-9.

CYPRUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF PHARMACY DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY

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