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. abstract. abstract. abstract. abstract. CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT ASSIGNMENT 2 DCC50222 HYDRAULICS.
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Question 1 Draw type of flow in open channel. ANSWER:.
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Question 2 i. A trapezoidal channel in Figure 2a with side slopes of 2/4 a depth of 2 m, a bottom width of 8 m and a channel slope of 0.0008 has a discharge of 65 mᵌ/s. Estimate the Manning’s value..
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ii)Explain Froude number.\ ANSWER: l Is a measurement of bulk flow characteristic such as waves, sands bedforms , flow / depth interactions at a cross section between boulders l The denominator represents the speed of a small wave on the water surface relative to the speed of the water , called wave celerity.
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iii.)A wide channel 3m carry Q (12m³/s), Identify critical depth and the minimum Specific Energy. ANSWER: Given : b= 3m Then , for rectangular channel : Q= 12m^3 yc = (q2/g)1/3 = (( 4^2)/9.81)1/3 = 1.18 m The critical depth is 1.18 m Discharge per unit witdh: for rectangular channel, Es,min =3/2 yc =3/2 x 1.18 = 1.77 q: Q/b The minimum specific energy is 1.77m = 12/3 =4 m^2/s.
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Question 5 Hydraulic jumps occur at the downstream of the dam, explain deeply why hydraulic jump exist and give four (4) type of hydraulic jump. ·ANSWER: 1.To disspate the energy in water flow over dams , weirs and other hydraulic structures and thus prevent scouring down stream from the structures. 2.To increase weight on an apron and thus reduce uplift pressure under a masonry structure by raising the water depth on the apron 3.To recover head or raise the water level on the downstream side of a measuring flume and thus maintain high water level in the side of a measuring flume and in the channel for irrigation. 4.Types of hydraulic jump l lUndular hydraulic jump l lWeak jump’ l lSteady hydraulic jump l lOscillating hydraulic jump.
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