WHAT IS CULTURE?

COMPARATIVE STUDY: Japanese Management and Z Culture of American Companies.

WHAT IS CULTURE?. Culture can be considered as a constellation of factors that are learned through our interaction with the environment and during our developmental and growth years. The ‘culture’ has been derived metaphorically from the idea of ‘cultivation’, the process of tilling and developing land. Typically referring to the pattern of development reflected in a society’s system of knowledge, ideology, values, laws, social norms and day-today rituals. Culture varies from one society to another requiring a study of cross-national and cross-cultural phenomenon within organizations..

Example of work culture (American work culture & Japanese work culture).

WHAT IS ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE?. It is a system of shared beliefs and attitudes that develop within an organization and guides the behavior of its members. It is also known as ‘corporate’, and has a major impact on the performance of organizations, especially on the quality of work life experienced by the employees at all levels of the organizational hierarchy. Corporate culture ‘consists of the norms, values and unwritten rules of conduct of an organization as well as management styles, priorities, beliefs and interpersonal behavior that prevail..

Origins of organizational culture. FIRST, culture has been a continuous development of values and attitudes over many generations, the organizational culture is partially traced back to the values held by the founders of the organization. For example: founders were usually dynamic personalities with strong values and a clear vision as to where they wanted to take their organizations. SECOND, the organizational culture is influenced by the external environment and the interaction between the organization and the external environment. For example: the organization may create a niche for itself for an extremely high-quality defect-free product as a result of competitive forces and customer demand, while another organization may opt for moderate quality but lower prices. THIRD, work culture is also a function of the nature of the work and the mission and goals of the organization. For example: In a professional, research-oriented, small organization, the workers may be more informal at all hierarchical levels of the organization, the dress code may not be strictly observed and the employees may be encouraged to be independent and innovative..

Japanese vs. American Organization (How are they Different ?).

TYPICAL AMERICAN ORGANIZATION. Usually, employment is short-term. Layoffs are quite common. Lateral job mobility is also common. Performance evaluations and promotions are relatively fast. Career paths are very specialized. People tend to stay in the same area, such as accounting, and become experts in their area. Decisions are carried out by individual managers who are responsible for the outcome of such decisions. The control systems are very explicit via policies, rules and guidelines and people are expected to strictly follow these guidelines. The organization is concerned primarily with the worker’s work life and his role in the organization..

Typical Japanese organization. Fairly long-term, usually lifetime employment. Rigorous evaluation and slow promotion. People are primarily generalists and they become familiar with all areas of operations. Collective decision making is the norm. Primarily reliance is on implicit control (self-control). People rely heavily on trust and good will. The organization is concerned with the whole life of the worker, business as well as personal and social..

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GROUP 4 BSBA FM 3A (LESSON 4). MARK JOSEPH AMBATAN RIZALYN LIBATEN EDERLENE GABUYO GLYZA CORTEZ AIVY GHEL RULLODA.