Introduction to GPS for Water Industry

H20 GIS. Falling drops creating ripples in liquid.

Section 3 Outline. History of GIS What’s GIS? GIS functions GIS types: Vector and Raster Map Projection Video lesson Class activity Quiz.

History of GIS. The Internet was started in the 1970's by the U.S. Department of Defense to enable computers and researchers at universities to work together. The GIS technology was conceived in 1960’s - even before the birth of the Internet. World’s first GIS was implemented by the Canadian government. The civilian GIS in the United States got a jump start from the military and intelligence imagery programs of the 1960’s..

What’s GIS?. Over 80% of a water and wastewater utility’s data is geographically referenced, that is, it has geographic coordinates. Examples of a utility’s geographic data are: treatment plants, pumping stations, storage tanks, water mains, valves, hydrants, and meters. GIS is an information system to manage geographically referenced data like this. GIS = Geography + Information System.

GIS as an Information Management System. CONVENTIONAL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT Files Maintenance Records Parts List Supplier Engineering Drawings Map flat file.

GIS as Data Layers. HYDRANTS MAINS PARCELS AERIA REALITY.

GIS As a Link: Water System Example. GIS is a link between a map (geographic features) and a database (attributes). GIS = Map + Database Water system example.

GIS as a Link: Sewer System Example. Sewer System GIS Manholes Sewers 16.1".24 Roads Rivers —J Subbasins Link —J Riger Names Attributes ot Sewers 1 Identify Results Sewers • 526 Clear I ClearAll I T node @öply R pely_ Sewer Sewer id Dia Slope. Symbé) Seen-y d 2593 2iiTSiOciij 527" 1 15 0000 096 Seßé•u'h SÆ F','0de 2616 PolyLine PolyLiÅe PolyLine PolyLine PolyLG-l€ 7node 3266 2Sé7 o o o o n: 39765 172061 209. in 034806 219.24iioo 1 Q ii66åo 1 QQ QR7Qnn aa 827 320.00} 2511 pse 444100} 15 15 15 ü¯ö.9Q1 1 léöl 436M 1 Qn :.

GIS Components -1. People (developers and end users) most important Hardware Software Data Procedures.

GIS Components - 2. Hardware includes both computers and related hardware, e.g. printers, plotters, digitizers, and scanners. GIS software is usually 10% of the implementation cost but can still cost hundreds of thousands of dollars in licensing fees in large cities with many users. Examples: ArcGIS from ESRI and QGIS (open source) Procedures are well-defined and consistent methods to produce accurate and reproducible results. They are used to manipulate and analyze GIS data. For example, procedures to color code watermains by size, plots maps, or import CAD drawings..

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What does GIS do?. A GIS takes the numbers and words from the rows and columns of databases or spreadsheets and displays them on a map. GIS allows users to view, understand, question, interpret, and visualize data in ways simply not possible in the rows and columns of a spreadsheet..

GIS Functions - 1. Capture Store Retrieve Update Manipulate Analyze, and Display.

GIS Functions - 2. Capture function involves creating input data Example: digitization, scanning, GPS Manipulation function is used to process input data. Example: sorting meters data by customer name or converting pipe length from feet to meters. Analysis involves processing of manipulated data. Example: identifying the valves that should be closed to isolate a broken water main for repair..

Two GIS Data Types: Vector and Raster. Water System @ Valves POINTS @ Hydrants +1 Watermains Size LINES —6 —8 —16 @ Parcels O Aerial Photo POLYGONS.

Vector GIS. There are two types of GIS data: vector and raster. Vector GIS data shows “discrete” objects called features on a map as points, lines, or polygons. Point examples: manholes, valves, hydrants, meters Line examples: streets, streams, water and sewer pipes Polygon examples: lakes, property parcels, watersheds, pressure districts.

Feature Attributes. Feature characteristics data stored in tabular format in a database are called feature attributes. Sewer manhole: rim elevation and depth Water pipe: diameter and length Property parcel: ID and area.

Raster GIS. Raster GIS data shows “continuous” data as image files. An image consists of small grid cells or pixels. Examples: A jpeg file of an aerial photograph or an image file showing ground surface elevation or LIDAR. A vector GIS software works best with vector type data, and a raster GIS software is designed to work with raster data. Most GIS software can “display” both types of GIS data, but not all GIS software can “process” raster GIS data..

Video Lesson: What is GIS?. Title: What is GIS? Date published: August 23, 2024 Last played: August 12, 2025 Video links: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WpoSofhf9Y0 https://mediaspace.esri.com/media/t/1_9gsx27x2 Or search the Internet with keywords “What is GIS video by ESRI” Video content: An educational video of what GIS is, how it works and how it is used. Video Producer: Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) Video duration: 8:42 minutes.

Video Lesson: What is GIS?. Presentation with media with solid fill.

Let’s take a short break for a quick class activity.. <break time="2000ms"/><break time="3000ms"/> In this activity, you will use the internet to discover real world applications of GIS.. First, visit a reliable and informative source to learn about G-I-S and how it’s used.. You can use keywords like “What is GIS” or “GIS applications” in your search.. For example, you might visit the site gisgeography.com slash what is gis From the content you find, identify and list three distinct G-I-S applications or use cases. You’ll have 20 minutes for this activity. Once you're done, we’ll regroup and discuss what you found. Take your time and have fun exploring. <break time="2000ms"/><break time="3000ms"/>.

Three examples of GIS applications from gisgeography.com: Pinpointing new store locations Analyzing crime patterns Routing in-car navigation.

Map Scale - 1. Large Scale = Large Detail Reduction required to display a portion of the Earth's surface on a map. • Determines the content and size of the area represented. • To calculate map scale: 1 ScaleDenominator MapDistance*UnitsConversion GroundDistance.

Map Scale - 2. Small Scale 8750 3752 3754 3759 3761 Medium Scale 1 Quad Section .37" 8755 3757 8759 Large Scale ISIS 1620 1622 1624 1 Parcel Map 378 1626.

Map Projection - 1. Locations on the globe are measured in degrees of latitude and longitude (Geographic or Spherical) Locations on a map are measured using x and y coordinates (Planar).

Map Projection - 2. A map projection is a mathematical formula which converts locations from spherical (3D) to planar (2D) coordinates A map is unprojected if coordinates are in decimal degrees (lat./long.) Projections distort shape, area, distance, or direction Choose based on your map’s purpose (navigation, analysis, visualization) Example in GIS: State Plane Coordinate System (SPCS) uses different projections by zone Web maps often use Web Mercator (WGS 84).

Map Projection - 3. PRESERVES LOCAL SHAPE PRESERVES Mercator: Conformal Proi. - Preserve... Mollweide. Equal Area Proi. - Preset... L' Robinson: Compromize Proi. - Min. DISTORTION OF SHAPE AND AREA Azimuthal: Equidistant Proi. - Prese...ß@ß PRESERVES DISANCE AND DIRECTION.

Quiz Time. 4. GIS/GPS Applications. © A1 APPLICATIONS.

Quiz: Section 3. 1) GIS can be defined as: A) A spatial context B) A decision-making process C) An information system D) Geography + information system.

1) GIS can be defined as: A) A spatial context B) A decision-making process C) An information system D) Geography + information system.

Quiz: Section 3. 2) Typical data attributes for water system pipes are: A) Height and color B) Direction and turns C) Diameter and length D) Address and telephone number.

2) Typical data attributes for water system pipes are: A) Height and color B) Direction and turns C) Diameter and length D) Address and telephone number.

Quiz: Section 3. 3) The number of feature types represented by vector GIS are: A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6.

3) The number of feature types represented by vector GIS are: A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6.

Section 3 Summary. GIS integrates geographic and attribute data for water, wastewater, and stormwater system management Data types include vector features and raster images for analysis Core functions: capture, store, analyze, manipulate, and display data Components: people, hardware, software, data, and procedures Map projections and scales are critical for accurate spatial representation GIS applications enhance decision-making and operational efficiency.

H20 GIS. Falling drops creating ripples in liquid.