General Introduction to Ethics

[Audio] Our topic today is General Introduction to Ethics, Commonly referred to the Moral Principles in our Every day life.

[Audio] The Output of the topic or Outline are: Definition of Ethics: Branches of Ethics: Major Ethical Theories: Ethical Decision-Making Challenges in Ethics: The Role of Ethics in Society:.

[Audio] Picture analysis: this is Robinhood, what came to your mind when we say Robinhood, in terms of what he has done to his society as a thief but still known as a hero.

[Audio] The movie V for Vendetta: what came to your mind when we say this movie, he uses terrorist tactics to fight the oppressors of the world in which he now lives. But still a hero.

[Audio] Former President Duterte: fight against Drugs (tokhang) but became a bloody war, so many addicts and Pusher died,, and still Filipino loves what he have done..

[Audio] Now, what are ethics and morals? How do we differentiate these synonymous words, and what are their similarities? When we say Morals, they usually refer to personal beliefs influenced by factors such as society, culture, and individual experiences. But when we say Ethics, they are guidelines established by communities or specific groups outlining acceptable and unacceptable actions or behaviors. These two words are the same, but ethics is more about the guidelines that are accepted by our society and moral is usually what is inside of us without thinking..

[Audio] Since morality and Ethics are the same, and our topic is Ethics, what is Ethics? There are so many definitions of ethics, but Ethics is a foundational area of philosophy concerned with questions about how people ought to act and why. It explores concepts of right and wrong, good and bad, justice and injustice, and seeks to provide a rational basis for distinguishing moral from immoral actions. Ethics plays a crucial role in shaping personal and collective behavior, influencing laws, social policies, and individual decisions..

[Audio] But the Exact definition of Ethics is Ethics, often referred to as moral philosophy, is the study of morality. It involves the critical examination of how we should live our lives, what constitutes a good life, and how we should treat others. Also, Ethics asks fundamental questions such as "What is the right thing to do?" and "What kind of person should I be?" is the way how people will be accepted based on this attitude..

[Audio] What are the Branches of Ethics: here is the following Branches of Ethics: Meta-Ethics: Normative Ethics: Descriptive Ethics: Applied Ethics:.

[Audio] First Branches of Ethics: Meta-Ethics: This branch delves into the nature of ethical properties, statements, attitudes, and judgments. It explores questions like "What does 'good' mean?" and "Are moral values universal or culturally relative?" or always questions if this ethics is universally accepted and cultural related.

[Audio] The second branch of Ethics is Normative Ethics: Which focuses on developing moral standards that regulate right and wrong conduct. It asks questions like "What ought I to do?" and "What duties do I have to others?" these are guidelines that are regulated through the rules and regulation written or developed unwritten verbally..

[Audio] The third branch of Ethics is Descriptive Ethics: Which involves the study of people's beliefs about morality, examining how different cultures and societies understand and practice ethics. Unlike normative ethics, it doesn't prescribe what people ought to do but describes what they do. It is culturally accepted and develop through time, like Non-moral Standard, it is happening with out any rules and regulation..

[Audio] Lastly, the Fourth branch is Applied Ethics: Which involves applying ethical principles to specific real-world issues, such as bioethics (e.g., the morality of euthanasia or a mercy killing), business ethics (e.g., corporate responsibility or Corporate Social Responsibility CSR a requirement for of every corporation to return favor community), and environmental ethics (e.g., the ethics of conservation or the applied support the idea that the natural world should be managed responsibly and sustainably), Applied ethics more about develop ethical responsibility in the real world issue and happening. So these are the four branches of Ethics that deal in our everyday life personally or professionally.

[Audio] In our daily lives we have to face the decision if this is ethically wrong or right, so here are the major theories that can guide us in our lives: Major Ethical Theories: the Utilitarianism The Deontology And the Virtue Ethics.

[Audio] First Major Ethical Theory: is Utilitarianism: Suggests that the best action is the one that maximizes overall happiness or utility. This theory is consequentialist, meaning it focuses on the outcomes of actions. Example: A doctor deciding to allocate a life-saving treatment to the patient who is likely to recover fastest, maximizing the benefit. This is focus on the result of the decision between what is the best option, a greater happiness and less consequences that will happen..

[Audio] Second in the Major Ethical Theory: Deontology: which Focuses on the inherent morality of actions rather than their consequences. It argues that certain actions are morally obligatory, regardless of the outcomes they produce. The Example: A person telling the truth even when it could lead to negative consequences because they believe lying is inherently wrong. It is focused on the right thing to do even the outcomes will be bad or consequences will happen, the focused is the action..

[Audio] The Third Major Ethical Theories: Virtue Ethics: Centers on the character and virtues of the moral agent rather than specific actions. It emphasizes becoming a good person by cultivating virtuous traits like honesty, courage, and compassion. Example: A friend returning a lost wallet not just because it's the right thing to do, but because they value honesty as part of their character. This part is focus on the the character of the person, not on the output and action..

[Audio] Next on how our Ethical reflect the Decision-Making or Ethical Decision-Making, here is the list: Identifying the ethical issue: Evaluating options: Making a decision: Reflecting on the outcome:..

[Audio] Now to do an Ethical Decision-Making, here is the Guideline on the decision we make in our every life: Identifying the ethical issue: Recognizing situations where moral principles are at stake. Evaluating options: Considering different courses of action and their potential outcomes. Making a decision: Choosing the option that aligns best with ethical principles. Reflecting on the outcome: Assessing the impact of the decision and learning from the experience..

[Audio] Ethical Decision-Making: Example: A manager faced with deciding whether to report a colleague's misconduct must weigh the importance of honesty and integrity against loyalty and the potential consequences for the colleague. Every individual has a different perspective, Value and Principles on how to use a different methods of Ethics. If this you what is your decision?.

[Audio] In our Daily life we always have so many challenges in Ethics in our action, to do the right things and think of the outcome. Ethics is not always clear-cut, and individuals often face dilemmas where competing values or principles come into conflict. We must accept in our environment values and principles has always play in every individual different perspective..

[Audio] We have some different kind of challenges in life in term of decision: Challenges include: Moral Relativism: The belief that morality is culturally dependent and that there are no universal moral standards. Ethical Pluralism: The recognition that multiple ethical perspectives can be valid, requiring a balance between different moral principles. Evolving Social Norms: Ethical standards can change over time, as seen in shifts in attitudes toward issues like same-sex marriage or the death penalty. all of this it depend to you as a person..

[Audio] Now what is The Role of Ethics in Society: Ethics underpins the functioning of society by guiding behavior in personal, professional, and public spheres. it influences laws, social policies, and community practices, promoting fairness, justice, and respect for human rights. For example: environmental ethics has led to increased awareness and action on issues like climate change and conservation, guiding both individual behaviors and public policy decisions to ensure the sustainability of the planet. We must always think the right and best decision we may do in our daily life.

[Audio] Thank you for the Listening. THANK YOU. [image] Photo of jellyfish.