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A moving coil galvanometer is an instrument used for detection and measurement of small electric current .

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Principle: 	Its principle is that a current carrying loop placed in a magnetic field experiences a Torque. Most modern galvanometers are of the moving-coil type and are called  d’Arsonval  galvanometer.

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It mainly consist of rectangular coil , a fine wire wrapped around an  aluminium  frame is suspended by conducting ribbons. Soft iron core is fixed between poles of permanent magnet.

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The suspension wire is used as one current lead to the coil and other terminal is connected to the loosely wound spring which serve as second current lead A cylinder of soft iron core is placed at the  centre  of coil which intensifies the magnetic field.

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An ammeter is a measuring instrument used for measure the electric current in a circuit.

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The conversion of galvanometer into ammeter is done by connecting a low resistance in parallel with it. The low resistance is called Shunt resistance.

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The value of shunt resistance depends on fraction of current required to pass through galvanometer. Shunt resistance is attached parallel to galvanometer. So

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Conversion of galvanometer into Voltmeter

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Galvanometer can be converted into Voltmeter by connecting a high resistance in series with the galvanometer. The value of resistance depends on range of galvanometer

Galvanometer

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