Fundamentals of Quantitative Design

[Virtual Presenter] FUNDAMENTALS OF QUANTITATIVE DESIGN: Data Collection Methods and Analysis Presented by Dr. Ai Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

[Audio] What are the key characteristics of a quantitative research???.

[Audio] RESEARCH DESIGN Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

[Audio] EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

[Audio] NON-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

[Audio] QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH Involves structured approaches to studying phenomena, ensuring organized and methodical research processes. Incorporates numerical data analysis to measure and quantify variables for statistical interpretation. Applies findings from a sample to a larger population, drawing broader conclusions and implications. Utilizes statistical methods for data analysis, hypothesis testing, and result validation. Incorporates mathematical models to interpret relationships between variables and predict outcomes. Leverages computational software like SPSS for data analysis, visualization, and reporting. Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

[Audio] QUANTITATIVE Deductive approach: testing theory Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

[Audio] QUANTITATIVE Quantitative OR Qualitative? Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

QUANTITATIVE Quantitative OR Qualitative? Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

[Audio] QN vs QL Quantitative vs Qualitative Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

[Audio] KEY CONCEPTS VARIABLE & DATA VARIABLE DATA Characteristic that can have Observations and measurements different value. of a variable Anything that has a quantity or Eg: Male quality that varies. Eg: Gender Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

[Audio] Is 'TABLE' considered a variable? Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

[Audio] How can "TABLE" be considered a variable? Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

[Audio] Activity You have 5 minutes to identify 5 examples of variables in the classroom. Afterward, collect data from 5 classmates for all of the identified variables. Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

[Audio] KEY CONCEPTS TYPES OF VARIABLE & DATA TYPES OF VARIABLES TYPES OF DATA Quantitative data- data that Quantitative Variable- variables that can measures/identifies based on be reported numerically a numerical scale. 1. Discrete: integer values & cannot have Qualitative data- provide values in between. Eg: number of items in a variety of qualities students. or categories. 2. Continuous: any value over a continuous range of possibilities. Eg: weight. Qualitative variable- non-numeric (categorical) variable Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

[Audio] KEY CONCEPTS INDEPENDENT & DEPENDENT VARIABLES INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE variable that you manipulate so that you The variable that you expect can study how the changes in the to change when you independent variable influence changes manipulate the independent in other variables. variable. Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

[Audio] KEY CONCEPTS PARAMETRIC & NON-PARAMETRIC TESTS PARAMETRIC TEST NON-PARAMETRIC TEST Assume that the data approximates a Make fewer assumptions about certain distribution, such as normal your data, which mean they can distribution. be used to analyse a more This allows us to make inferences which diverse range of data. make these types of statistics powerful It is tend to be less powerful and capable producing accurate results. than parametric test. You should always attempt to use parametric test unless the data violates the assumptions of the test. Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

[Audio] KEY CONCEPTS DATA DISTRIBUTION Normal Distribution Normally distributed Bell curved shape Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

[Audio] WRITING CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

[Audio] METHODOLOGY Describes clearly and systematically HOW the study was conducted, including materials and methods used or carried out. Should provide sufficient information about: WHEN & WHERE the study was carried out WHAT materials, techniques, samples, approaches were used? HOW the study was carried out? WHAT procedures were used Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

[Audio] Methods & Design Quantitative Methods Quantitative approach Give the details of the design/strategy of the study (eg. Cross-sectional, longitudinal, experimental, Descriptive, correlational etc). Justify why you chose those methods over others Explain how those methods will provide answers to your research questions Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

[Audio] Methods & Design Sample of Research Design Quantitative Explain with evidences. approach The present study will employed a quantitative research approach to determine the relationship between xxx and xxx. Quantitative research is a research method that is used to........ Through quantitative research, ............ Correlational design Explain with evidences. Besides, correlational design will be used in this study to examine the relationships between ...... This design is ...... This design allow researcher to ...... Form of data In addition, the present study will utilize a survey design that using self-report questionnaire to obtain the quantitative data. This design allows researcher to ............ collection Explain with evidences. Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

[Audio] Population & Sampling Population & Sampling Specify the characteristics of the population and the sampling procedure. Potential participants to subset of the population. Eg: Children whom you want to generalize the from 3 private results preschools in Eg: Preschool Selangor. children in Selangor Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

[Audio] Population & Sampling Example of Population & Sample Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

[Audio] Population & Sampling 02 Describe the target population 01 Discuss the setting of the study. (students? parents? mothers?) and sample frame. 03 How the sample size is 04 Specifies the sampling determine. Use a sample size formula technique used. Discuss the procedures for selecting the sample from available lists. Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

[Audio] Population & Sampling Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

[Audio] Population & Sampling Sample of population & sampling (part 1) Location Population Justification The current study will focuses on the population of undergraduate students in Klang Valley aged 18 to 25. The researcher believed undergraduate students from this area had online buying experiences. Thus they would be able to fulfil the basic requirements of this study. Sampling technique Convenience sampling method will be using to select the participants for this study. Convenience sampling is a nonprobability sampling approach that collects data from individuals of the population who are easily accessible to take part in the study. It is a sort of sampling in which......................................... Explain & justify Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

[Audio] Population & Sampling Sample of population & sampling (part 2) Sample size calculation Justification Total sample size G*Power was used to calculate the minimum sample size for the current study (Faul et al., 2007). It suggested that a minimum of 115 participants is needed for this study. The effect was 0.3, which indicated a medium effects size. The power analysis was 0.95, which explained a 95% chance of the result being significant. Additionally, the margin of error was 0.05. Thus, the researcher estimated to recruit another 15 participants to increase the reliability of the current study as larger sample sizes could give more reliable results with greater precision and power. Therefore, this study targeted to collect 130 of total respondents. Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

[Audio] Instrumentation Sample of Questionnaire Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

[Audio] Instrumentation Instrumentation for survey design Provides detailed information about the actual survey instrument to be used in the proposed study. a. Name the survey instrument used to collect data Name of the instrument, author & year, purpose of the instrument. Adopt or adapt instrument It is always courteous to email the authors of the instrument to ask permission. b. Validity & Reliability validity—whether one can draw meaningful and useful inferences from scores on the instruments. Eg: content validity; predictive or concurrent validity etc reliability- report measures of internal consistency/ test-retest correlation Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

[Audio] Instrumentation c. Number of item and scoring Indicate the total item, any dimension? explain the Likert scale, scoring etc. d. Sample of items Include sample items from the instrument so that readers can see the actual items used. In an appendix to the proposal, attach sample items or the entire instrument. e. Pilot testing Discuss plans for pilot testing or field testing the survey Provide a rationale for these plans. Number of people who will test theinstrument Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

[Audio] Instrumentation Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

[Audio] Instrumentation Sample of instrumentation Name of the scale, author Total item Purpose Likert scale, scoring Sample of item Adolescents' self-control was measured using Brief Self Control Scale (Tangney et al., 2004). This 13-item measure scale is a short version of the original scale, developed to access dispositional self-regulatory behaviours, the ability of people to control their impulse, emotion, thought, and refrain from undesired behaviour. The items are rated on a 5-point scale, ranging from 1 (Not at all like me) to 5 (very much like me). 9 items were reverse coded and all responses were added to obtain a total score for the measure. Higher score indicates higher self-control. Example items are: (a) I have a hard time breaking bad habits. (b) I do certain things that are bad for me, if they are fun. Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

[Audio] Instrumentation Sample of instrumentation (part 2) Reliability (ori) Reliability Brief Self-control Scale has a good reliability in the original study, with Cronbach's alpha of .83 in Studies 1 and .85 in Studies 2 (Tangney et al, 2004). However in this study, Cronbach alpha of .75 was reported for Brief Self-control Scale. Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

[Audio] Data Collection Procedure How will the data be collected? Questionnaire? Open ended? Close ended? interview? Structured? unstructured? Observation? What procedures will be used? Procedures for handling of participants and confidentiality issues. Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

[Audio] Data Collection Procedure permissions to use the Approvals to conduct study acquired from Data gathering for the instruments main study was carried out were requested authorized instituitions. (explain in details) Pilot study was conducted, instruments were then Instruments in English were revised translated to BM *** Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

[Audio] Data Collection Procedure Sample of Data Collection Procedure Approvals At the beginning of the study, the proposal and questionnaire were submitted to ethic committee of ..... for ethical clearance. Prior to conducting the data collection for this study, permission to conduct the research in the selected schools was obtained from ...... Pilot & actual study Upon receiving permission, the school was scheduled for data collection. Before the actual study, a pilot study was conducted in ..... After the revision of the questionnaire was made, the actual study was conducted in..... During administering the data collection, ....... Explain the procedure Ethical After explained the purpose of the study and debrief on confidentiality, respondents completed the self-report questionnaire which comprised of ........ consideration Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

[Audio] Data Analysis Explain in detail how each statistical test is used in the treatment of data. Data cleaning Data normality Statistical test to answer each RQ. Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

[Audio] Data Analysis Choose the right statistical test Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

Data Analysis Choose the right statistical test Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

[Audio] Data Analysis Correlation Coefficient Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

[Audio] Data Analysis Sample of data analysis Analysis 1: Descriptive Explanation In the present study, descriptive analysis will be used to describe the type of work motivation and the level job satisfaction among working adults. Measures of frequency (frequency, percentage), measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) and measures of dispersion or variation (variance, SD) provides a general synopsis of the data. Analysis 2: Correlation Explanation Pearson Correlation aims to measure the strength of relationship between two different variables (Schober et al., 2018). In the present study, Pearson Correlation will be applied to investigate the relationship between work motivation and job satisfaction among working adults. In using Pearson correlation test, ................. Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.

[Audio] Question and Answe r... Copyright 2024 Syuhaidah Kadri.