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FLAME PHOTOMETRY BASIC CONCEPTS, INSTRUMENTATION, AND APPLICATION.
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JaypeeDigital | eBook Reader.
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INTRODUCTION: • Flame photometry (more accurately called Flame Atomic Emission Spectrometry)is a branch of spectroscopy in which the species examined in the spectrometer are in the form of atoms photoelectric flame photometer is an instrument used in inorganic chemical analysis to determine the concentration of certain metal ions among them sodium, potassium, calcium and lithium. Flame Photometry is based on measurement of intensity of the light emitted when a metal is introduced into flame. — The wavelength of colour tells what the element is (qualitative) — The colour's intensity tells us how much of the element present (quantitative).
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Flame Photometer: Principle, Working Procedure and Applications | Study&Score.
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Flame Photometer Principle » Flair Pharma The Knowledge Kit..
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Principles of Flame Photometry | BWB Technologies.
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Flame Photometer: Principle, Working Procedure and Applications | Study&Score.
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• The basic principle upon which Atomic Spectroscopy works is based on the fact that "Matter absorbs light at the same wavelength at which it emits light". • Atoms of elements subjected to hot flame specific quantum of thermal energy absorbed by orbital electrons become unstable at high energy level release energy as photons of particular wavelength change back to ground state. • When a metal salt solution is burned, the metal provides a colored flame and each metal ion gives a different colored flame. • Flame tests, therefore, can be used to test for the absence or presence of a metal ion.
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BASIC CONCEPT: Liquid sample contaning metal salt solution is introduced into a flame • Solvent is first vaporized, leaving particles of solid salt which is then vaporised into gaseous state • Gaseous molecule dissociate to give neutral atoms which can be excited (made unstable) by thermal energy of flame O O Excited state Emitted photon Ground state.
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CONTD... The unstable excited atoms emit photons while returning to lower energy state The measurement of emitted photons forms the basis of flame photometry. Under constant and controlled conditions, the light intensity of the characteristic wavelength produced by each of the atoms is directly proportional to the number of atoms that are emitting energy, which in turn is directly proportional to the concentration of the substance of interest in the sample..
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https://youtu.be/BBhuXOh9vOM?si=Oiu-eEemzMI1c9rF.
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Principle: Summary • When a solution is aspirated into a low temperature flame, in an aerosol, each droplet of water evaporates leaving a solid core of the residue of evaporation. The core further breaks down to the molecular level, and provided the molecules are not too refractory, progress to form atomic species. • The atom then is excited by the flame and its electron temporarily moves to a higher energy state. • When the electrons return to the ground state, they lose the excitation energy and a discrete wavelength of visible light is emitted..
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CONTD... • The emitted light can be isolated from other light wavelengths by an optical filter. • The amount of light being emitted is proportional to the number of atoms in the flame, and it follows, the conc. of that atom in the original solution. • The amount of light emitted can be measured by a suitable photo detector. A photo detector generates an electrical signal which is amplified and displayed on a digital readout..
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• Various metals emit a characteristic colour of light when heated: ELEMENT Sodium(Na) Potassium (K) Barium(Ba) Calcium (Ca) Lithium(Li) EMISSION WAVELENGTH(nm) 589 766 554 662 670 FLAME COLOUR yellow violet Lime green orange Red.