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HLTAID011  Provide  First Aid HLTAID012 Provide First Aid in an Education and Care Setting

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Cause of death and ICD code
Ischaemic heart diseases (120-125)
Dementia, including Alzheimer's
disease (FOI, F03, G30)
Cerebrovascular diseases (160-169)
Malignant neoplasm of trachea,
bronchus and lung (C33, C34)
Chronic lower respiratory diseases
(J40-J47)
Malignant neoplasm of colon,
sigmoid, rectum and anus (C18-
C21,
Diabetes (ElO-E14)
Malignant neoplasms of lymphoid,
haematopoietic and related tissue
(C81-C96)
Influenza and pneumonia (J09-J18)
Diseases of the urinary system
(NOO-N39)
2010
no.
21,721
9,003
11,200
8,102
6,129
5,247
3,948
3,936
2,373
3,315
Rank
1
3
2
4
5
6
7
8
15
10
2014
no.
20,199
11,967
10,729
8,252
7,818
5,289
4,357
4,275
2,879
3,136
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
13
10
2019
no.
15,016
9,891
8,821
8,372
5,410
4,967
4,793
4,124
3,903
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

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Approx  54,000 yearly 21 people die daily in Australia

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Pain on exertion   Constant heavy pain in chest   Pain radiates  to arm, neck, jaw   Pain is usually felt on the left side   Shortness of breath   Pale, c old, clammy, skin   (Shock)   Can feel nauseous    Casualty looks really crook

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If they have heart medication, can hand it to casualty  Call an Ambulance immediately   Reassure casualty    Place in a s emi -sitting position   Monitor   Signs of Life

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Casualty is 	Unconscious  No Signs of Life  Not Breathing  Start CPR

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In 2019 Approx  3,000 deaths in NSW Approx  13,500  hospitalisations  in NSW

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If you see any of these symptoms  Act FAST call 000

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Cause of death and ICD code
Ischaemic heart diseases (120-125)
Dementia, including Alzheimer's
disease (FOI, F03, G30)
Cerebrovascular diseases (160-169)
Malignant neoplasm of trachea,
bronchus and lung (C33, C34)
Chronic lower respiratory diseases
(J40-J47)
Malignant neoplasm of colon,
sigmoid, rectum and anus (C18-
C21,
Diabetes (ElO-E14)
Malignant neoplasms of lymphoid,
haematopoietic and related tissue
(C81-C96)
and pneumonia (J09-J18)
Diseases of the urinary system
(NOO-N39)
2010
no.
21,721
9,003
11,200
8,102
6,129
5,247
3,948
3,936
2,373
3,315
Rank
3
2
4
5
6
7
8
15
10
2014
no.
20,199
11,967
10,729
8,252
7,818
5,289
4,357
4,275
2,879
3,136
Rank
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
13
10
2019
no.
18,244
15,016
9,891
8,821
8,372
5,410
4,967
4,793
3,903
Ran k
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

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Insufficient insulin Infection in the pancreas

HIGH BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL     Hyperglycaemia

Overdose of insulin Insufficient sugary food Excessive exercise

1.7million Australians.  700  hospitalised  in MLHD yearly

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Confusion  Sweating  Dizziness and weakness  Shaking and trembling  May become unconscious

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Sweets foods  Sweet drink  Food  You will see a rapid improvement Giving a diabetic too much 	sugar will not harm them

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Cause of death and ICD code
Ischaemic heart diseases (120-125)
Dementia, including Alzheimer's
disease (FOI, F03, G30)
Cerebrovascular diseases (160-169)
Malignant neoplasm of trachea,
bronchus and lung (C33, C34)
Chronic lower respiratory diseases
(J40-J47)
Malignant neoplasm of colon,
sigmoid, rectum and anus (C18-
C21,
Diabetes (ElO-E14)
Malignant neoplasms of lymphoid,
haematopoietic and related tissue
(C81-C96)
Influenza and pneumonia (J09-J18)
Diseases of the urinary system
(NOO-N39)
2010
no.
21,721
9,003
11,200
8,102
6,129
5,247
3,948
3,936
2,373
3,315
Rank
3
2
4
5
6
7
8
15
10
2014
no.
20,199
11,967
10,729
8,252
7,818
5,289
4,357
4,275
2,879
3,136
Rank
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
13
10
2019
no.
18,244
15,016
9,891
8,821
8,372
5,410
4,967
4,793
4,124
3,903
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Asthma -  400 deaths annually Choking - 80 deaths annually

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1 in 9 Australians have asthma Over 400 deaths in Australia  yearly Airways disease that causes spasming and narrowing of the smaller airways with mucus production Over 850 yearly  hospitalised  in MLHD Triggers vary and may include Smoke Thunderstorms Animals  Air pollution

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Moderate to severe breathing  difficulties  Wheezing  / Coughing  Pain in the stomach   Tightness of the chest  Pale  and  sweaty  Blue lips, finger tips, earlobes  Quiet and subdued  Possibly unconscious

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Sit casualty in upright position   Use the casualties action plan if available Assist casualty with  4-6 puffs of  Reliever medication -  Ventolin ,  Asmol  etc

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Casualty can breathe   Casualty can talk   Casualty can cough   Casualty can cry

Casualty cannot  speak   Casualty cannot  breathe   Casualty turns blue

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Remove obstruction Use Heimlich Manoeuvre

Call Ambulance  if 	obstruction still 	present

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Perform five back blows between shoulder  blades  checking between each one Then perform five chest thrusts  checking between each one If unconscious begin CPR until medical help arrives

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Perform 5 chest thrusts checking between each one for expulsion

Repeat again and commence CPR if  unsuccessful

Perform 5 back slaps checking between each one for expulsion

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25-34
lop 'ocat.ons
Riv« 'creek
20%
Oc«n/horbour
Beach
lop 3 ooe woups
35-44 years
o
65-74 y«rs
Top 3
25%
Swirwnng & recreating
Boating
Foil
Retrtoteness ot drownng
Ill I
23%

Approx  250 deaths annually Estimated 500 non-fatal incidents

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O nce ashore check and clear the airway Send  for help immediately Commence CPR Once they start breathing place them onto their side and monitor their condition

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*  Increased respiratory rate (what is yours)

Increased Work of Breathing
What to look for
* Sucking in of the
skin around the ribs,
in the highlighted
areas
* Flaring of the
ostrils
* bobbing ofthe head
* Pale, lethargic
child

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Bee stings  Insect bites  Foods  Medications  Latex   Plants  Allergies can be triggered at any age

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Difficulty in breathing  / tight chest  Swelling and tightness of the throat  Tongue may swell Noisy breathing – wheeze or cough.   Pale, cold, clammy skin   Difficulty in talking   Unconsciousness

Severe Allergic reactions  ie  Anaphylaxis

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Aim is to maintain  an open airway /reduce swelling  Reassure casualty  Loosen  tight  Clothing   Lay casualty down  Administer Epi pen   Call for an Ambulance  Cannot have out-dates Epi-pen in childcare  centres

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Accidental poisoning * 10,000 people hospitalised * 1300 deaths * 45 – 64  yo  most prone

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Vomiting  Drowsiness  Burning pain Breathing difficulties  Tight chest  Headache

Smell of fumes Blue lips Burns to mouth and surrounds Unconsciousness

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DRSABCD  Ring Poisons Information – 131126 and follow their advice  Call for an Ambulance if advised to  Send evidence to the hospital with the casualty

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Control bleeding (if needed)   Minimise  movement  Reassure  Transport to hospital

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Pain  Inability to move  Deformity  Tenderness over joint  Swelling

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DO NOT  attempt to put dislocation back in

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Children  - 15% of cases …  80% scalds at home of which 48% burns from cups Males between 18 and 60 twice as likely as females to be burnt

Nearly 2,000  hospitalised  in NSW each year A lot of burns could be prevented

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Pain   Swelling  Redness   Blistering (partial thickness)  Loss of skin  –  white waxy (full thickness)   Airway  –  hoarse voice, soot nose

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Cool running water for at least 20  minutes Remove constrictive  jewellery  and footwear Cover burn with sterile dressing (or  gladwrap ) Continue to cool with water if pain persists

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Monitor ABC, especially breathing DO NOT Overcool casualty Remove clothing stuck to skin Apply oils, butter, fat or lotions Break blisters Use cotton wool

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Blister larger than a 20 cent piece  Full thickness burn Burns involving face, hands, airway or genitals  Unsure

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Approach area until all electricity has been disconnected Stand closer than 8 meters where water is laying around   Attempt to rescue if wet

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Commence CPR if in Cardiac Arrest  Treat burns and other injuries  Look for entry and exit 	wounds  Tissue damage will have 	occurred

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Caused by falling onto hard   surface, grazing the skin. Dirt may be embedded

Clean  Apply non-stick dressing DO NOT  use cotton wool

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Clean Control bleeding by pulling both sides together and	use  steri -strips if available Pad and bandage Seek medical attention

Large cut or tear to skin. Stitching may be required

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STUMP Control bleeding apply direct pressure   Reassure and keep calm Use tourniquet as a last resort only  Write time that tourniquet applied AMPUTATED PART Place in plastic bag and keep cool.  Do not freeze or place in water

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Pad around object Ensure bleeding has stopped DO NOT    Remove the object  Put pressure over the object Shorten the object unless unmanageable

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Pack wound with sterile material  Apply direct pressure Reassure and place in a comfortable position  Seek Medical assistance

Large pieces of tissue torn away from the body.  Severe bleeding and shock may occur

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Sit casualty upright  Lean forward  Apply firm pressure  Apply icepacks to forehead and back of neck

DO NOT PANIC….  The scalp bleeds profusely Bleeding nose

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DRSABCD  Send for help  Torso..   Limb – circulation  intact .. if possible remove the object  Limb – circulation compromised    Treat other injuries  Keep them warm

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Shock is the   insufficient supply of oxygenated blood to the body Is a progressive condition May be delayed

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Blood loss Fluid loss due to diarrhea, burns or heat stroke  Spinal injury, certain drugs or infection  Emotional

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DRSABCD   Control Bleeding Lay them down in a comfortable                    position   Keep warm  Treat any wounds  Monitor vital signs  NO  eating and drinking  DO NOT  overheat

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Pain at the bite site  Paired fang marks or scratches  Redness or swelling around bite site  Tingling around the mouth  Headache  Nausea or vomiting

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Do not  wash the site  Apply a compression bandage  Splint the bitten limb  Call an Ambulance/bring transport to casualty

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Cold compress  Ice  packs  See the doctor

Localised  pain  Red, hot, swollen area  Swollen Tender glands

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Wash bite site  Apply Ice  Seek medical advice DO NOT  apply pressure        immobilisation  bandage

Can cause severe local tissue destruction

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Remove stinger sideways  Apply cold compress or icepack  Watch for allergic reaction  If stung around neck, watch for 	swelling  If bee swallowed and stings, seek 			medical advice

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Find and remove tick  R emove by freeze drying    DO NOT  squeeze   DO NOT  cut tick Watch for an allergic reaction

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Land – Cold  Water – Hot Fish barb and blue bottle Deadly – Pressure bandage Blue-ringed octopus & cone shell Tropics - Vinegar

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Do not remove embedded object  Cover both eyes

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Headache  Tiredness /  	 fatigue  Dry skin  Decreased  	 urination

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Move the casualty to a cool place Reduce the body temperature  Continue cooling  Small sips water  Ice packs

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Confusion  Abnormal walking  Slurred Speech  Exercising in high temperature, and/or high humidity or/and vigorous exercise

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Strip  casualty of as much clothing as possible   Soak  with any available water   Fan  vigorously by whatever means possible

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Intense shivering  Confusion  Cold to touch  Mental slowness  Exhaustion  Irrational behavior  Loss of strength

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Provide shelter  Get out of the weather  Remove wet clothing  Gently dry off  Sip warm sweet drinks  Eat sweet food  Warm slowly NOT quickly

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Minor disturbance in the brains  	electrical activity

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DO NOT  restrain the casualty  Protect the casualty  Make the area safe around them  Place a soft pad under the head When the fit is finished, place them into the lateral position

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If the seizure lasts more than 5  						 minutes  The casualty has another seizure 					before recovered from previous one  The casualty does not wake up 						properly  Casualty injures their head  If unsure

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Child will be unwell prior to fit History of throat, ear, or chest infection with an increase of temp

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Jerky body movements  Arched back  Body  stiff  Breathing difficulties  Blue face  Limp

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Call an Ambulance Cool infant down slowly & carefully  Remove clothes  Fan infant  Stop if infant shivers  Don’t Panic

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Brief or partial loss   of consciousness   L oss of memory  Headache  Vomiting

Signs and Symptoms that indicate the injury is serious:

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B reathing difficulties  Decreased level of consciousness  Abnormal / unequal pupil reactions  Blood or fluid seeping from ears or nose  Possible seizures

Other serious signs and symptoms  can include:

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DRSABCD Conscious sit in semi-sitting position   Unconscious p lace in  the  lateral   position    Lean weeping ear side down  Reassure casualty  Call an Ambulance  Monitor vital signs

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Pins and needles in hands or feet Head Injuries Loss of movement or feelings to limbs

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Do not  move the casualty Unless unconscious or risk of further injury or death Send for an Ambulance Keep casualty still

WorkCover First Aid Course

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