Athletes

[Audio] The unexpected occurrence of developing Deep Vein Thrombosis ( DVT) should be an issue of concern as not everyone is knowledgeable of the development of the disease, even to the people we think is gifted and disciplined with physical skills..

[Audio] Athletes are individuals who promote a healthy lifestyle through hard work and dedication. They maintain their agility, strength, speed, and proper mindset to succeed, yet they can still develop a thrombolytic disease where most people with a sedentary lifestyle develop. The issue gained rapt attention, which heightened my awareness because of the exposure to the lifestyle of being an athlete. It is often disregarded that athletes develop Deep Vein Thrombosis because they are not the stereotypical population at risk of developing the disease as one of the most common reasons for developing it..

[Audio] Being an athlete does not stem from developing DVT as there are some situations where chances are high. Deep Vein Thrombosis ranks as "the third most common cause of death from cardiovascular disease." ( Waheed et al., 2021) Sitting in an airplane for more than 4 hours can cause for blood to circulate that can be prone to forming a clot. Dehydration from intense training that causes the increase of the hemoconcentration of the blood, which results in its favor of forming thrombosis ( Shreijer et al., 2010). Family history also is a big factor in developing such disorder. The use of braces or cast can result from immobility where the leg muscles are restricted from moving that causes to reduce the venous blood flow ( Shreijer et al., 2010). Birth control pills in female causes a high risk in developing DVT..

[Audio] Early recognition of the signs and symptoms can save and help athletes be aware of incorporating the preventable ways of developing DVT and prevent the possibility of many complications that can even lead to death. Not everyone is familiar with the pathophysiology of Deep Vein Thrombosi.

[Audio] Early preventions from developing DVTS are "to do stretches and move the hands and legs to improve circulation when traveling long distances, wear compression stockings and stay hydrated. If the risk of developing thrombus is high due to familial history, ask the health care provider to obtain medications to help lessen the clotting capability of the blood such as anticoagulants" ( Institute of Quality and Efficiency in Healthcare, 2006). Effective actions will be implemented through proper planning to provide essential information for young athletes regarding the disease, including sessions to teach them the pathophysiology of the disease, classic signs, and symptoms, preventative measures behind the development of the disorder.

[Audio] Clot can form in the legs that could travel to the lungs and cause blockage to the normal blood flow. This disorder is life-threatening, as it will be difficult for the lungs to supply oxygen throughout the body ( Waheed et al., 2021). Virchow Triad that predisposes the extensive risk of athletes developing the disorder..

[Audio] The disorder can happen to anyone, and it is vital that they must see their primary physician once they see classical signs of the condition such as leg pain or tenderness to the calf, which they sometimes think is only due to overexertion, leg swelling, skin that feels warm and reddish discoloration ( American Heart Association, n.d.). Ethnicity plays a crucial role. sex is also a predictor of the prevalence of a DVT as it is more common in men. The relative risk is also high in women due to them taking contraceptives, being pregnant, and the presence of thrombophilia disorder ( Hardman, 2018)..

[Audio] It is critical to apply early interventions to help prevent the development of the disease..

[Audio] The economic burden of DVT is substantial and with the help with preventative measure has the potential to lower the cost..

[Audio] Studies show that though an athlete may return to play, this does not apply to all because the disease affects everyone differently. Therefore, an individualized approach should be followed ( Berkowitz & Moll, 2016)..

[Audio] Muscle Spasm is a sudden and painful tightening of the muscle in the thigh, calves, or feet. Nerve endings evoke which are sensitized and activated by strong mechanical stimuli from overtraining, injury, or tissue damage ( Mense, 2008). Food that is rich is potassium and magnesium such as avocado, papaya and sweet potatoes are essential as its roles is to help in muscle contractions ( Kubala, 2020).

[Audio] Though an athlete's beliefs have a strong point in setting their mindset to success, some factors also affect their participation, sometimes hindering them. beliefs, behaviors, especially religion, play a huge part in empowering the mindset of every athlete. It is often reported that athletes overcome their hardships with the help of their strong faith..

[Audio] Clothing restriction gives women an unfair advantage because the long sleeve garment would prevent them from moving freely. It put them in a difficult situation as they can be torn between participating in sports or complying their religious faith..

[Audio] It is well established that the causes of depression and suicidality are diverse, often multifactorial and treatable ( Webner & Iverson, 2016). it is vital to address these issues to prevent the high suicidal rate among athletes by making sure that clinical and counseling management are available for preventative measures..

[Audio] Compression socks used to treat and avoid DVT by keeping thickening and fibrinolytic equilibrium through increased blood flow ( Sanchdeva et al., 2018) The research concluded that compression socks are critical in decreasing exercise-associated clotting and initiation of fibrinolytic when engaging in intense day-to-day training in preparation for playoffs or championship games ( Zadow et al., 2018)..

[Audio] Research shows that compression socks improves workout performance and recovery and benefited them due to the progress of performance that it effectively helped them decrease their recovery time ( Stanek, 2017 Irritability, lethargy, and nausea are a few of the signs that alert a person is dehydrated ( Leib et al., 2016). It is important to be mindful to avoid sitting for more than four hours, and if so, it is crucial to be able to move the legs by even walking to the walkway even for a short duration and performing stretches to get the calves muscle moving to prevent anything that would restrict the blood flow ( American blood clot association, 2019)..

[Audio] t is crucial to be aware of the cues when fluids in the body are less. It is essential to be mindful of the signals such as irritability, lethargy, and nausea are a few of the signs that alert a person is dehydrated ( Leib et al., 2016). a person can hydrate themselves by taking 500 ml of fluid the night prior, 500 ml in the morning, 500 to 1000 ml an hour before exercise, and 250 to 500 ml 20 minutes before an intense training begins ( Andrews, 2022).

[Audio] Leg exercises to maintain the blood flow in the lower extremities that is prominent of developing DVT..

[Audio] It is examined that one of the most evident rationales of the increasing case of developing such condition is due to the deficiency of information regarding the development, the risk, and preventative measures of Deep Vein Thrombosis..

[Audio] The statistics of the number of athletes affected and its death rate are alarming on the grounds that this population has inaccurate information, follow-through, and the lack of compliance in concerns to seeking advice from the health care provider despite the presence of the cardinal signs and symptoms..

[Audio] It is vital to spread pertinent information for public health concern to help control the increasing rate of mortality and barriers exist such as some people have perception that venous problems is not a big deal and the limited management of venous disorders..

[Audio] Short term and long-term goal are important to be able to see the effectiveness of the the interventions applied..

[Audio] This imperative information will allow us to know about the condition and where we can plan to initiate the teaching process..

[Audio] QSEN focuses on preparing nurses to be knowledgeable and competent with a proper perspective to enhance the quality of care provided to every patient. However, nurses cannot fulfill the quality of care effectively; that is why it is vital to collaborate with the interdisciplinary team to effectively provide teaching and develop resources to best support its goal of total quality care. In addition, increasing demands in health care competencies are dense, requiring health professionals to be educated..

[Audio] In line with preventing Deep Vein Thrombosis in athletes, applying effectively patient-centered care, a nurse must initiate cultural consideration, understanding that every patient is unique. It is essential to understand and consider a patient's individual circumstances, which focus on perceiving that every patient is a whole unique person with preferences, different values, family support, and spiritual beliefs ( Fix et al., 2018). As part of the healthcare team, we must be patient advocates..

[Audio] It is vital to achieving the six core competencies to effectively deliver safe and quality care to patients and eliminate preventable errors that can harm or jeopardize the patient's safety Teamwork and collaboration adhere effectively through good communication between the interdisciplinary team. As one of the core competencies in QSEN, research shows that having substantial leadership through the cooperation of the healthcare team with unity in bringing the best and quality care was critical to successful quality care ( Schuler et al., 2021). Teamwork between healthcare teams significantly nurses will aid in providing the appropriate healthcare services, contributing to disease and injury prevention, disability alleviation, and health promotion ( Li et al., 2019). Learning is nonstop in the healthcare industry. Therefore, a nurse must be current with education and knowledge as interventions are modified to continuously provide the highest quality of care. In addition, researchers continually revise to give the most recent and most effective advanced practices in delivering effective patient interventions (Li et al., 2019)..

[Audio] One of the things to understand is the symptoms of the condition, which is swelling, which usually occurs in the leg and can also occur in the arm ( Hummel, Geisler, Reynolds, and Lazenby, 2018). DVT often arises without typical signs and is very challenging to determine. As a result, physicians concentrate on avoiding the emergence of DVT by utilizing a variety of various medications, relying on the person's requirements. If you suffer a significant fracture or are undergoing lower extremity surgery, such as hip and spine or total joint replacement, the surgeon removes precautions to avoid DVT.

[Audio] DVT often arises without typical signs and is very challenging to determine. If a thrombus breaks loose and travels through circulation, pulmonary embolism may develop. Though it's uncommon among athletes, this can cause complications such as pulmonary embolism and even death..

CLOTS AND WHY? The clottjrg mechanism is to help stop the bkxxing an irjury crcurs. Contrarity, it is harmful when a clot forms in and blæks the artery ard veins, causing to æclude the blcxxi flow throughout the For wm live a tealty firms lifestyle, fre æcurreme of a blcui clot is hghV unusual and as something less I-bwever, a hentthy ard active lifestyle dæs rx)t the of a bkxxi cot can When can blood clots bæome dangerous? AND SPREAD THE WORD. Veh (DVT) a wtve a brrns tre c— cat-Eig tie flow. PUrruxry a crd SYTdrÜnq æo..rs ARE YOU AT RISK? • Travdsbrg dstance sitirg • • • • for Takæ ca•trd Nstcry DVT. • DVT HOW TO PREVENT? When traveirg, froml Stti-g + for rnore thcn 2 y-ours. your • Stay Ac@uate cicuktm prevents the fra-n thtkening which cbts to form. tt-ct gevmts moblity is a far-t-#.g cbts. Sæk reconvne-datbr,s for DVT • signs crd symq*orns of DVT md seek hep ifs tm kite. Bith cortrol can you at a risk of cbts as it usucüy ca-tahs a that ccn mace cbts Southwest University April 24, 2022.

[Audio] Healthy and active lifestyle does not prevent the formation of a blood clot that can be life-threatening..

Altintaş , F., & Uluçay , Ç . (2011). Deep vein thrombosis in athletes: Prevention and treatment. In Sports injuries (pp. 1065–1071). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15630-4_141 Andrews, R. (2009, April 12). All about dehydration - precision nutrition. Precision Nutrition. https:// stoptheclot.org /about-clots/athletes-and-blood-clots/ Athletes and blood clots – blood clots. (2013). National Blood Clot Alliance. https://www.stoptheclot.org/about-clots/athletes-and-blood-clots/ Association of periOperative Registered Nurses. (2022). Quality and safety education for nurses ( qsen ) - association of perioperative registered nurses . https://www.aorn.org/education/facility-solutions/periop-101/qsen Berowitz , J., & Moll, S. (2016, October 19). Athletes and anticoagulation: Return to play after dvt /pe – american college of cardiology. American College of Cardiology. https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2016/10/19/15/13/athletes-and-anticougulation Bishop, M., Astolfi , M., Padegimas , E., Deluca, P., & Hammoud , S. (2017). Venous thromboembolism within professional american sport leagues . Mendeley. https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/ad0181a0-a3f6-33c5-a951-ed32f1d88e1d/ Centers for Disease control and Prevention. (2020, February 12). Data and Statistics on venous thrombolism . https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/dvt/data.html Chang, C., Putukian , M., Aerni , G., Diamond, A., Hong, E., Ingram, Y., Reardon, C., & Wolanin , A. (2020, March). Clinical journal of sport medicine . LWW. https:// journals.lww.com / cjsportsmed / Fulltext /2020/03000/ Mental_Health_Issues_and_P sychological_Factors_in.8.aspx Keiter , J., Johns, D., & Rockwell, B. (2015, May 25). Importance of postoperative hydration and lower extremity elevation in preventing deep venous thrombosis in full abdominoplasty: A report on 450 consecutive cases over a 37-year period . OUP Academic. https:// academic.oup.com / asj /article/35/7/839/2589210?login=false koenig , H. G. (2012, December 16). Religion, spirituality, and Health: The Research and Clinical Implications . ISRN psychiatry. Retrieved March 6, 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pmc /articles/PMC3671693/ Kushner, A., West, W. P., & Pillarisetty , L. (2021). Virchow triad. http://europepmc.org/books/NBK539697.

References: Hummel, C., Geisler, P. R., Reynolds, T., & Lazenby, T. (2018). Posttraumatic deep vein thrombosis in collegiate athletes: An exploration clinical case series. Journal of Athletic Training , 53 (5), 497–502. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-362-16 Martin, P. (2022, March 18). Deep vein thrombosis nursing care plans . Nurseslabs . https:// nurseslabs.com /5-deep-vein-thrombosis-nursing-care-plans/4/ Mendonça , C., Noll, M., Castro, M., & Silveira, E. (2020). Effects of nutritional interventions in the control of musculoskeletal pain: An integrative review. Nutrients , 12 (10), 3075. https:// doi.org /10.3390/nu12103075 Leblanc, M., Cooper, T., & Chopra, P. (2021). Unexpected populations for deep vein thrombosis: Presentation in an endurance athlete. Cureus . https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.17495 Lidder , S., & Webb, A. J. (2013). Vascular effects of dietary nitrate (as found in green leafy vegetables and beetroot) via the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology , 75 (3), 677–696. https:// doi.org /10.1111/j.1365- 2125.2012.04420.x Randy, E. E. (2014, October). Clots and Consequences . Current Sports Medicine Reports. https:// journals.lww.com / acsm - csmr / Fulltext /2014/09000/Clots_and_Consequences_in_Athletes.2.aspx.

References Sachdeva, A., Dalton, M., & Lees, T. (2018). Graduated compression stockings for prevention of deep vein thrombosis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews . https:// doi.org /10.1002/14651858.cd001484.pub4 Spyropoulos, A. C., & Lin, J. (2007). Direct medical costs of venous thrombolism and subsequent hospital readmission rate: An Administrative claims anaylsis from 30 managed care organizations. Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy , 13(6), 475-486. https://doi.org/10.18553/jmcp.2007.13.6.475 Stanek, J. M. (2017). The effectiveness of compression socks for athletic performance and recovery. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation , 26 (1), 109–114. https:// doi.org /10.1123/jsr.2015-0048 Trepanowski , J. F., & Bloomer, R. J. (2010). The impact of religious fasting on human health. Nutrition Journal , 9 (1). https:// doi.org /10.1186/1475-2891-9-57 Waheed , S. M., Kudaravalli , P., & Hotwagner , D. T. (2021, August 11). Deep vein Thrombosis - statpearls – ncbi bookshelf. NCBI. https://www.ncbi.nlmnih.gov/books/NBK507708/ Webner , D., & Iverson, G. (2016, October 14). Suicide in professional American football players in the past 95 years . Brain injury. Retrieved March 6, 2022, from https:// pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /27996330/.