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ENGLISH ACTIVITY GLIMPSES OF INDIA. - ROSHNI, KRUTI, VIRAJA, INCHARA OF 10C.

MAHARASTRA THE GATEWAY TO INDIA. BY ROSHNI AND KRUTI.

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. Traditional male attire in Maharashtra includes the dhoti , also known as Dhotar , and pheta , Traditional female attire in Maharashtra includes a choli and nine-yard saree locally known as Nauwari saree or Lugda Jewellery such as kudi, bugdi, kudka, vel, Bali on ears; Marathi nath on nose; jodave on leg fingers kolhapuri saaj, thushi wore on neck; bajuband on area of hand above elbow.

Maharashtrian cuisine. Breakfasts in Maharashtra include misal , pohe , upma , sheera , sabudana khichadi and thalipeeth . In some households leftover rice from the previous night is fried with onions, turmeric and mustard seeds for breakfast, making phodnicha bhat . Famous Maharashtrian dishes include pitla , bhakri , bharleli vangi , ukdiche modak , aluchi patal bhaji , thalipeeth , pav bhaji , Puran Poli , shrikhand , basundi , vada pav , nashik chi misal pav.

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FESTIVALS AND FAIRS. Gudhi PadwA is celebrated as the first day of the Hindu year. Gudhi is symbol-characterized by bamboo stick with a coloured silk cloth and garlanded with flowers and sweet a top. Ganesh Chaturthi is the most important festival in Maharashtra. It is celebrated for ten days with huge fun fare In Diwali , kids build a replica of a fort, known locally as 'Killa', as a tribute to Maratha King Shivaji . They are made of mud and rocks and decked with mustard shoots, mavalas or toy soldiers, toy cannons and miniature animals..

Caves, Forts and The Gateway. INCREDIBLE TOURIST ATTRACTIONS OF MAHARASTRA.

Tourism In Maharashtra. Maharashtra known for it’s ancient culture, various tourist spots and traditional heritage attracts tourists from other Indian states and foreign countries. It was the second most visited Indian state by foreigners and fourth most visited state by domestic tourists in the country in 2014. Aurangabad is the tourism capital of Maharashtra. The jouney to these attractions are easy for the tourists as well since, travellers can explore via air, rail and road. Religious Tourism Bestowed with five Jyotirlingas; two Shakti Peethas; one Panj Takht; beautiful churches; gigantic mosques; and a city that plays host to the grand Kumbh Mela- Nashik, Maharashtra is blessed by the presence of all the gods. The region that encompasses the state has a history going back many millennia . Ruins, monuments, tombs, forts, and places of worship left by these rulers are dotted around the state. Let us learn more about Maharashtra’s historical heritages..

Monuments And Attractions. The Ajanta And Ellora Caves.

The Ajanta and Ellora Caves are approximately 30 rock-cut Buddhist and Hindu cave monuments dating from the 2nd century BCE to about 480 CE in the Aurangabad District of Maharashtra state in India. They were covered by jungle until accidentally "discovered" and brought to Western attention in 1819 by a colonial British officer Captain John Smith on a tiger-hunting party. The caves include paintings and rock-cut sculptures described as among the finest surviving examples of ancient Indian art . The caves also present paintings depicting the past lives and rebirths of the Buddha, pictorial tales from Aryasura's Jatakamala , and rock-cut sculptures of Buddhist deities. T hese caves served as a monsoon retreat for monks, as well as a resting site for merchants and pilgrims in ancient India. Today, the Ellora Caves, along with the nearby Ajanta Caves , are a major tourist attraction in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra..

Raigarh Fort. Raigad is a hill fort situated in Mahad, Raigad district of Maharashtra, India. It is one of the strongest fortresses on the Deccan Plateau. It was previously known as Rairee or Rairy fort. Many constructions and structures on Raigad were built by Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and the Chief Engineer was Hiroji Indulkar . When Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj made it his capital in 1674 upon being crowned the king of the Maratha kingdom, which later developed into the Maratha Empire, eventually covering much of western and central India. The main palace was constructed using wood, of which only the base pillars remain. The main fort ruins consist of the queen's quarters, six chambers, with each chamber having its own private restroom. The fort also overlooks an artificial lake known as the Ganga Sagar Lake. The only main pathway to the fort passes through the " Maha Darwaja" (Huge Door) which was previously closed at sunset A statue of Shivaji Maharaj is erected in front of the ruins of the main market avenue that leads to the Jagdishwar Mandir , which has Hiroji Indulkar 's name engraved on the first step, his own Samadhi and that of his dog named Waghya.

. The Gateway of India. The Gateway of India is an arch-monument built in the early 20th century in the city of Bombay (Mumbai), India. It was erected to commemorate the landing of King-Emperor George V , the first British monarch to visit India, in December 1911. Today, the monument is synonymous with the city of Mumbai, and is amongst its prime tourist attractions. The gateway is also a gathering spot for locals, street vendors, and photographers soliciting services . Following Indian independence, the last British troops to leave India, the First Battalion of the Somerset Light Infantry , passed through the Gateway with a 21-gun salute, as part of a ceremony on 28 February 1948, signalling the end of the British Raj . People often refer to the Gateway as a "jewel in the crown" and a "symbol of conquest and colonisation “. Since 2003, the Gateway has been the location for the local Jewish community to light the menorah for Hanukkah celebrations every year . The Gateway is amongst the prime tourist attractions in Mumbai and continues to memorise us with it’s sculpture and significance in history..

GOA THE PARADISE OF SOUTH ASIA. BY VIRAJA AND INCHARA.

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ABOUT GOA. Goa is a state on the southwest coast of India within the Konkan region. Its capital is Panaji. It is located between the Indian states of Maharashtra to the north and Karnataka. It is India’s smallest state by area 3,702 km and its fourth smallest by population. Its long history as a Portuguese colony prior in 1961 is evident in its preserved 17th-century churches and the area’s tropical spice plantations. Goa is also known for its beaches, ranging from popular stretches at Baga and Palolem to those in laid-back fishing villages such as Agonda ..

CULTURE. The culture of Goa is an amalgamation of Indian and Portuguese culture. The long Portuguese rule has influenced the culture in many ways and many of the Portuguese tradition are reflected in the Gona culture even today. The crafts and arts of Goa also reflect Hindu, Muslim, and Christian origins. The majority of the population follows Hinduism. Konkani is the official language of Goa...

The traditional outfits are considered by the tribes Velip, Gauda etc... Loinclothis called Kashti worn with a blanket i.e kunbi Palloo. The most popular celebrations in Goa include the Goa Carnival, Ganesh Chaturthi , Christmas. The largest festival of the state is St.Francis Xavier who is known as Goencho Saib..

MONUMENTS. There are many popular monuments in Goa. The few are Basilica of Bom Jesus, Se Cathedral, Arch of Viceroy, Aguada Fort, Mahadev Temple, Rock cut caves, House of bull, St. Cajetan, St.Paul’s College.

FORT AGUADA. Fort Aguada is a well- preserved seventeenth-century Portuguese fort, along with the lighthouse, standing in Goa, India, on Sinquerim Beach, overlooking the Arabian Sea. It is an ASI protected [Monument of National Importance in Goa] the fort was originally constructed in 1612 to guard against the Dutch.it was the reference point for the vessels coming from Europe at that time. It was initially tasked with defence of shipping and nearby Bardez sub-district..

Fort Aguaada was the most prized and crucial fort of Portuguese. The fort is so large that it envelops the entire peninsula the southwest tip of Bardez.

Goan Cuisine. Goan cuisine consists of regional foods popular in Goa , an Indian state located along India 's west coast on the shore of the Arabian Sea . Rice, seafood, coconut, vegetables, meat, bread, pork and local spices are some of the main ingredients in Goan cuisine. Use of kokum and vinegar is another distinct feature. Goan food is considered incomplete without fish ..

Goan Hindu cuisine. Goan Hindu cuisine in Goa is mainly pescetarian and lacto-vegetarian and is very similar to Saraswat cuisine , from which it originates. Goan Hindu cuisine is mild, with use of tamarind and kokum for souring, and jaggery for sweetening. It uses spices such as asafoetida , fenugreek , curry leaves , mustard , and urad dal . Onion and garlic are also used. It also includes vegetables, such as lentils , pumpkins , gourds , bamboo shoots , and roots . The medium of cooking is coconut oil . Popular Goan Hindu dishes include: Humann – Fish curry, also known as kadi or ambot with rice Fried fish Fish suke or dhabdhabit – Dry spicy preparation of fish, served as a side dish Fish udid methi or uddamethi – Type of curry consisting of fenugreek and mackerel ; a vegetarian version of this dish is also prepared using hog plums (or anything sour and tangy, such as pieces of raw mango ).

Transportation to Goa. How to reach Goa: Goa is a well connected city through all modes of transport. Therefore, one can reach Goa easily by airways and roadways besides rail and sea routes..

Air: Being located at Dabolim, Goa International Airport is also known as Dabolim Airport. It is located at a distance of 29 km from the capital of Goa to Panaji. This airport operates various domestic and international flights to connect the city with other major cities of the nation and every corner of the world . Sea: Goa offers shipping services from Mumbai to Panaji making journey exciting and comfortable for its tourists. Also by Rail and Road , Goa has a good railway network connecting in and out of the city ..

Sports. N ormally other states are fond of cricket but association football is the most popular sport in Goa and is embedded in Goan culture as a result of the Portuguese influence. [103] Its origins in the state are traced back to 1883 when the visiting Irish priest Fr. William Robert Lyons established the sport as part of a "Christian education". On 22 December 1959 the Associação de Futebol de Goa was formed, which continues to administer the game in the state under the new name Goa Football Association ..

A number of Goans have represented India in football and six of them, namely Samir Naik , Climax Lawrence , Brahmanand Sankhwalkar , Bruno Coutinho , Mauricio Afonso and Roberto Fernandes have all captained the national team. Goa has its own state football team and league, the Goa Professional League . It is probably the only state in India where cricket is not considered the most important of all sports. Goan's are avid football fans, particularly of the football teams from Portugal (Benfica, Sporting), and Brazil especially during major football events such as the 'European Cup' and the 'World Cup' championships. The Portuguese footballer Ronaldo and Brazilian Neymar , are revered superstar football players in Goa.

Reflection. Goa is the smallest state in western India with coastlines of the Arabian Sea. On 30th May 1987, Goa was declared as a state of India. Goa’s capital is Panaji City; its world-class beaches, food, friendly people are the attraction of Goa. Goa is mainly known for world-famous beaches. Goa is the hub of a variety of alcohols at low prices. Most of the people think that Goa is full of beaches, but Goa has covered one-third of forests. Indian tourism always arranges colourful carnivals in Goa for youth..