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- KEERTHANA POTHUMARTHI (213701150) -SANJANA S (213701124) -TANVI REDDY BODEDDULA (213701200)

MANIPAL SCHOOL
OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING
MANIPAL
(A constituent unit Of MAHE, Manipal)

Course:  ARC-1 Environmental Science                First Semester2021-22               Assignment 1

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Ecology is the study of relationship between living organisms and their surrounding physical environment. It also provides the information about the population, community, natural resources and benefits of ecosystems. The science of ecology is important since it raises the awareness of people on our ecological problems and how to solve them.

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Here we discuss some of the major causes of ecological problems.        Causes of ecological problems are : Drought Earthquakes Tornadoes Heavy  rainfall and floods Illegal dumping  Greenhouse  gas emission   Mining Destruction of natural habitat  Excessive Consumption

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1 .  Drought  :                      Drought is a prolonged dry period in the natural climate cycle caused by the lack of precipitation, resulting in a water shortage.

Low crop growth. Damage of habitat affecting terrestrial and aquatic life. Wildfires Hunger ; famine  Malnutrition, dehydration and related diseases.

Preserve water Install water efficient irrigation system. Desalination of water

Causes: Altered weather patterns Excess water demands Deforestation Soil degradation

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2.Earthquake:                         Earthquake  is the result of sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves resulting in shaking of the surface of earth.

Ground rupture Landslides Tsunamis Liquefaction

Stay in an open space; avoid buildings Stay away from fireplaces

Mining Nuclear bombing Volcanic eruptions  Excessive clubbing of water in dams .

Earthquakes can also wipe out animals and plant species on a large scale and therefore change the affected ecological system in adverse manner.

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3.Tornadoes:                          A tornado is a violently rotating column of air extending from the base of a thunderstorm down to the ground.

Tornadoes can lead to a temporary change in the structure of an ecological system.   C apable  of  completely  destroying well-made structures . Uproots trees

Although nothing can be done to prevent tornadoes, there are actions you can take to  protect your health and safety.

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4.Heavy rainfall and floods:                                                    Floods can happen during heavy rains, when ocean waves come on shore, when snow melts quickly, or when dams or levees break.

Rainfalls and floods can destroy ecosystems since many animals and plants are likely to drown. Including  risk to human life, damage to buildings and infrastructure, and loss of crops.

F lood  barriers Planting  more trees Using  emergency measures such as sandbags.

Collapsed dams Deforestation Emiss ion of greenhouse gases Climate change.

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5.Illegal dumping:                                                      I llegal waste disposal means deliberately dumping, tipping or burying waste on private or public land that's not licensed to accept it. It's against the law to illegally dispose of waste.

High  level of waste production   Increase  in population   Avoidance  of Disposal Fees at Waste Management Sites Lack  of knowledge about waste disposal and recycling

Preventions: Cooperation  and Collective Responsibility For Reporting Illegal Dumping Education , Awareness Creation and Publicising Success Setting  Lower Disposal Fees at Waste Management Sites and Higher Fines for Illegal Dumping Following   3R  principal

Effects: Fire Hazards  Land, water, soil and air pollution Diminishes Property Value and Affects Tourism Severe adverse effects on wildlife Health and Safety Risks

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Causes: Burning  fossil fuels Air pollution   Landfills  and acidification of water bodies Deforestation

Global  warming   Depletion  of ozone layer Respiratory  diseases Extreme  climate changes

Precautions: Afforestation  Conservation  of energy Public transportation   Strict  policies to maintain the overall air quality of the city.

Greenhouse gas emission:                                                A greenhouse gas is a gas that absorbs and emits radiant energy within the thermal infrared range, causing the greenhouse effect. The primary greenhouse gases in the earth’s atmosphere are water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone.

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Mining:                   Mining is the extraction of valuable geological materials from the Earth .Mining operations create a negative environmental impact, both during the mining activity and after the mine has closed.

Advancements in technology. Importance for industrial processes. Lack in substitutability   Income growth. Increasing demand for resources

Effects: Global  warming   Depletion of ozone layer Respiratory diseases 	 Extreme climate changes

Precautions : Afforestation  Conservation of energy Public transportation  Strict policies to maintain the overall air quality of the city.

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Destruction of natural habitat:                                                               Habitat destruction is the process  b y which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species. The organisms that previously inhabited the site are displaced or dead, thereby reducing biodiversity and species abundance .

Causes: Pollution   Invasive species   Agricultural development   Diminished  resources Industrial  scale mining activities

Effects: Extinction  and endangerment of various species   	 Disruption  in underwater systems Global  warming   	 Climate  change 	 Land  degradation

Sustainable use of resources. Rebuild or attempt to replace what has been consumed.  Afforestation  Spreading awareness

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Excessive consumption:                                       Overconsumption describes a situation where the use of a natural resource has exceeded the sustainable capacity of a system.

Causes: Overpopulation   Industrial  and technology  development	 Pollution Human  ignorance towards environmental issues

Effects: Extinction  of species   Depletion  of minerals Loss of forest cover Water shortages

Precautions: Controlling deforestation. Reducing oil, mineral and material consumption Using renewable sources of energy. Spreading awareness

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References: https://ripe.illinois.edu, https://topex.ucsd.edu ,  https://en.wikipedia.org ,  https://rooterhero.com

213701200_TANVI REDDY B_evs-1_assignment-1.mp4

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 References: https://ripe.illinois.edu, https://topex.ucsd.edu ,  https://en.wikipedia.org ,  https://rooterhero.com

213701200_TANVI REDDY B_evs-1_assignment-1.mp4

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