THE AILING PLANET: The Green Movement's Role

THE AILING PLANET: The Green Movement’s Role.

abstract. PROJECT BY KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN.

SUMMARY. The Ailing Planet is an article written by NANI PALKHIVALA . It was published in The Indian Express on 24 November 1994. This article is regarding the health of planet earth. The Green Movement was initially founded in New Zealand . The writer briefs the change in the perception of the societies from a materialistic view to the comprehensive and ecological view of this world. It states that humans are now worrying about the environment. In this way of perception, our planet is considered as a living organism. People consider it as it’s having its own metabolic functioning as all other living entities are having..

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Then the author explains the concept of Sustainable growth of 1987. “Meets the wants of the current time, without losing the ability of upcoming generations to meet their needs and fulfil them”. Furthermore, we must utilize the natural resources in such a way that we fulfil our needs as well as conserve these resources for the upcoming generations. People consider themselves as a partner and not as a member of this planet. In actuality, we are partners with millions of creatures of this entire planet. The Global Economic Prospect , a book, points out that the planet’s major biological systems are 4 that are fisheries, forests, croplands, and grasslands. These virtually consists of all the raw materials of industries at present. A non-sustainable utilization of these resources is occurring..

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Then the writer is concerned about the lessening of the forest land. The dung which we should use as a natural fertilizer, we are generally using to produce fuel. On the other hand, the soil is not receiving natural fertilizer. Then the writer refers to a Parliamentary committee report that says the decline of a forest at the frequency of 3.7 million acres every single year. The United Nations cautions that the environment has deteriorated so severely that it is critical in many of the 88 countries examined. The population is rising at a very higher rate. Development and growth are the 2 most appropriate solutions to people’s problems. With such a population, development is a difficult task to do. We need a proper family planning to control the situation of overpopulation..

There is a major need to control the population of the earth. The writer at this point once more repeats the positive change in view of the people regarding ecology. Industries must also take responsibility for a better ecosystem. CONCLUSION To conclude, the ailing planet: the green movement’s role summary, it tells us about the situation of this planet is in a crucial condition and how we must do our best to save it..

RESEARCH WORK BASED ON THE THEME OF THE CHAPTER.

abstract.

Current Climatic Conditions Of Earth. Earth's climate has changed throughout history. Just in the last 650,000 years there have been seven cycles of glacial advance and retreat, with the abrupt end of the last ice age about 11,700 years ago marking the beginning of the modern climate era — and of human civilization. Following are the reasons for rapid climatic changes the earth is facing: GLOBAL TEMPERATURE RISE – The planet's average surface temperature has risen about 2.12 degrees Fahrenheit (1.18 degrees Celsius) since the late 19th century, a change driven largely by increased carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere and other human activities..

Most of the warming occurred in the past 40 years, with the seven most recent years being the warmest. The years 2016 and 2020 are tied for the warmest year on record ..

MELTING ICE SHEETS AND GLACIERS. . The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets have decreased in mass. Data from NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment show Greenland lost an average of 279 billion tons of ice per year between 1993 and 2019, while Antarctica lost about 148 billion tons of ice per year..

SEA LEVEL RISE. SATELLITE DATA: 1993-PRESENT Data source: Satellite sea level observations. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center RATE OF CHANGE 3.4 millimeters per year c 100 80 60 40 20 0 1995 2000 2005 YEAR 2010 2015 2020.

OCEAN ACIDIFICATION. Ocean Acidification C02 are emited from factories and fossil fuels to the atmosphere and are absorbed by the oceans, forming carbonic acid. The final reaction produces two molecules Of bicarbonate, decreasing the availability of carbonate ion. Carbon dioxide Carbonic Acid Carbonate ion Water COL pougcc, 'ou Bicarbonate Mind the GRNH esvbH nuq B!cmp0LJ916.

What would happen if the climatic conditions of the earth continues to deteriorate?.

With the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement, 197 countries agreed to set emission targets that would limit global temperature rise 1.5 degrees Celsius by capping greenhouse emissions at "net-zero" -- or absorbing as much carbon as they emit -- by 2050. So far, only two countries (Gambia and Morocco) are hitting their targets, while the biggest emitters are falling flat, or ignoring their goals entirely. If the conditions of earth continues to deteriorate then possibly earth will become a scorched planet with advancing deserts and impoverished landscapes and also with an ailing environment. Hence many steps has been taken to preserve earth..

But what if the earth is not conserved ? Now a days, scientist are interested in searching a new planet like earth where life can exist. There are many rumors that if the condition of earth continues to ruin then people will be shifting from earth to a new planet. Many space missions has been launched till now in search of an exoplanent which can exist life on them. But what is an exoplanet? An exoplanet or extrasolar planet is a planet outside the Solar System ..

According to data collected by NASA, till now more than 4,000 exoplanets have been discovered and are considered “confirmed”. Among them around 60 planets have all the factors to sustain life. But what are the factors which determine the exoplanet to sustain life? HABITABLE ZONE The habital zone also known as the “Goldilocks Zone” is the area around a star where the temperature of the exoplanet is not too hot and not too cold for existence of perfect temperature to sustain life. It is also require for the existence of liquid water..

Habitable zones potentially capable of hosting life-bearing planets are wider for hotter stars. Smaller, dimmer red dwarfs, the most common type in our Milky Way galaxy, have much tighter habitable zones..

SIZE OF EXOPLANET The size of the exoplanet matters a lot as if the size is too small then their rotation of the own axis is too fast, and if they are too large they may have lack of rocky land like mountains. This doesn’t mean thet the size of planet should be same as earth but the plant should neither be too large nor too small..

DISTANCE FROM STAR The exoplanet should be situated at a right distance from its star to capture the heat and light like earth from sun. This will help to have a right temperature for life as well as for liquid water. SCIENTIST, THROUGH THEIR DATA, HAVE FOUND THAT ALMOST ONE IN FIVE STARS HAVE EARTH LIKE PLANET . There are many exoplanet found till now, but here there are only three among them who actually resemble earth and satistfy all factors for life...

Kepler-452b. Kepler-425b was discovered on 23 July 2015 by NASA with the help kepler telescope. It is located about 1,402 light years from earth . Kepler-452b orbits its star at a distance of 1.04 AU (156,000,000 km; 97,000,000 mi) from its host star (nearly the same distance as Earth from the Sun). It lies in the goldilocks zone. It has a mass of at least 5 times that of earth, and has a radius of around 1.5 times of earth. So it has nearly the same size of earth. It is e stimated that it has roug hly 385 days of orbital period, as nearly as earth. The host star, Kepler-452 , is a G-type and has about the same mass as the sun, only 3.7% more massive and 11% larger. It has a surface temperature of 5757 K , nearly the same as the Sun, which has a surface temperature of 5778 K..

Earth 365 day orbit • OLP!$ 3e2 Kepler.452b 385 orbit OLP!$ 382.

Kepler-1649c. Kepler-1649c is an Earth-sized exoplanet , likely rocky , orbiting within the habitable zone of the red dwarf star Kepler-1649 , the outermost planet of the planetary system discovered by Kepler’s space telescope. It was discovered on 15 April 2020 by kepler spacecraft It is located about 301 light years away from earth. Kepler-1649c orbits its star a distance of 0.0649 AU (9.71 million km; 6.03 million mi) from its host star It has roughly 19.53 days of orbital period. It has a mass 1.2x times that of Earth, and has a radius of around 1.02 times that of Earth. Kepler-1649 is a type-M red dwarf star estimated to be roughly ¼ the radius of our Sun with only two confirmed planets in its orbit, the other being Kepler-1649b..

Kepler-16490. The exoplanet was identified as a rocky planet by NASA [8] and is very similar to Earth in terms of size, with a radius 1.06 times that of Earth. It receives fully 75% of the light from its host star that Earth receives from the Sun ; therefore, depending on the atmosphere, its surface temperature may be similar enough to the temperature of the Earth that liquid water may be present ..

TOI 700d. TOI 700 d is a near-Earth-sized exoplanet , likely rocky, orbiting within the habitable zone of the red dwarf TOI 700 , the outermost planet within the system. It is located roughly about 101.4 light year away from earth. The exoplanet is the first Earth-sized exoplanet in the habitable zone discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). It was discovered on 3 January 2020. TOI 700 d orbits its star at a distance of 0.163 AU (24,400,000 km; 15,200,000 mi) from its host star It has roughly 37.4 days of an orbital period. It has a mass 1.69x times that of Earth, and has a radius of around 1.19 times that of Earth..

EARTH TOI 700d. It has been estimated that the planet receives about 86% the energy that the Earth receives from the Sun. TOI 700 is a red dwarf of spectral class M that is about 40% the mass, about 40% the radius, and very roughly 50% of the temperature of the Sun..

There are many more exoplanets like these planets in the whole universe. Although some are not known yet and some are not yet discover. Scientist search for these planets is going on with new spacecraft. Recently a new spacecraft was launched. It was JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE , launched on 24 December2021. There are many more surprises in the space which we are not aware of. These all exoplanets are discovered by transition method..