End-of-life management of batteries

[Virtual Presenter] Good morning, everyone. Today we are going to discuss the important topic of End-of-Life Batteries Management, for both storage and Electric Vehicles. In this presentation, we will analyze the current situation of the market, the composition of lithium-based batteries, the different types of batteries available, and the EU legislation targets related to them. Finally, we will present the Battery Passport..

[Audio] The market of batteries has seen an impressive growth rate of 30% year-on-year between 2010 and 2018, resulting in a total volume of 180 GWh. This trend is forecast to persist, with the demand for batteries predicted to increase 25% annually in the coming decade, up to a total of 2600 GWh. The statistics provided are from the World Economic Forum..

[Audio] Reusing and remanufacturing end-of-life batteries can result in fewer resources being used during production, thus decreasing its environmental impacts. Predictions suggest that recycling will remain the primary process in the near future, however reuse and remanufacturing may also be prevalent. Consequently, it is important to view them as working in tandem..

[Audio] End-of-Life Battery Management for Storage and Electric Vehicles is not only a challenge but also a great opportunity. The Contact Lab can provide excellent level of performance and reliability for batteries cells, modules and battery management systems. Our single unit device can be adapted to different needs providing the best results. Consequently, we guarantee the highest quality of service and work..

[Audio] Compare six materials commonly used in end-of-life battery management solutions for storage and electric vehicles (EVs). Lithium has a long life-cycle, high safety, and high thermal stability, making it ideal for EVs, energy storage systems, and medical devices. Manganese Oxide has a shorter life-cycle, is still relatively safe, and has a high thermal stability, making it best suited for EVs and energy storage systems. Nickel Cobalt Aluminium Oxide has a long life-cycle, low safety, and a low thermal stability, and is mainly used in EVs. Iron Phosphate has a shorter life-cycle, very high safety, and high thermal stability. It is best suited for EVs, solar energy storage, and uninterruptible power supplies. Finally, Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide has a long life-cycle, low safety, high thermal stability, and is mainly used for power tools and EVs. Evaluating these characteristics can help decide which material is the best fit for a particular application..

[Audio] The slide I am discussing is about lead acid and sodium-based batteries. Lead acid batteries are the oldest type of batteries, but they remain one of the most popular types due to their low cost and abundance of sodium. They have a short life cycle and low efficiency compared to more advanced battery technologies. However, they are still a feasible alternative to lithium-ion batteries and can be safer in certain applications..

[Audio] This slide focuses on the timeline for the implementation of our End-of-Life Batteries Management for both Storage and Electric Vehicles. Specifically, the legislation for the aforementioned management will be applied in February 2024 and a due diligence policy will be applied on economic operators by August 2025. This timeline ensures that our policy is enforced in a timely manner..

[Audio] The current issue of end-of-life batteries management is particularly relevant for electric and industrial vehicles. Unfortunately, there are no collection targets for these types of batteries. This is why it is essential to make more conscious choices and ensure better end-of-life battery management for a more sustainable future..

[Audio] At the end of a battery's life, we must consider what comes next. The end-of-life pyramid gives us an insight into the priority and retrieval of various scenarios. Some of the most prevalent procedures for end-of-life battery management include reuse, remanufacture, recycle, and incineration. Proper handling of scraps and materials is key for energy sustainability..

END-OF-LIFE OPTIONS. 3Rs different scenarios following the.

[Audio] The 3Rs – reduce, reuse, and recycle – are essential for successful sustainable management. However, when it comes to managing end-of-life batteries for storage and electric vehicles, there are three additional factors that need to be taken into consideration: logistics, collection, and reuse. Considering the influence these factors have on the 3Rs is essential for creating a successful waste management strategy..

[Audio] There are various kinds of Lithium-ion Batteries (LIBs) that come in various shapes and sizes. Two of the most widely-used cell formats for LIBs are cylindrical and pouch. If managed properly at the end of their life, LIBs can be used for both stationary energy storage and electric vehicles, offering various advantages..

[Audio] The SOH Index is an indicator used to determine the condition of batteries at the end of life. It ranges from 80%, which represents the highest level of battery vitality, to 40%, the lowest. However, it should be noted that this measure is not always precise as it is only an estimation and can be affected by various external factors that can damage the battery..

[Audio] Batteries that are no longer viable for electric vehicles or storage can be managed in a number of ways. One approach is to repurpose or reuse them, reconfiguring the batteries for less demanding applications. This approach is cost-effective and can enable the batteries to remain in use, thus reducing the demand for newly manufactured batteries..

[Audio] Correct management of end-of-life batteries is a pressing issue as it presents both benefits and challenges. Economic feasibility can be boosted through regrouping packs of varying designs, types, and ages and confronting the lack of integrated supply chain. Furthermore, regulatory frameworks are reinforced, and actors can improve information sharing and communication. Positive outcomes of proper management involve reduced battery costs, waste prevention, decreased demand of raw materials, and lessened environmental impacts. Additionally, Energy Storage Systems can help stabilize energy output and back up energy supply-demand equilibrium..

[Audio] When examining end-of-life battery management, a few steps are to be taken into consideration such as disassembling and cleansing the old batteries, inspecting, treating and reassembling them. Yet, if the battery is in a suitable state, it may even be remanufactured and reused, creating both opportunities for sustainability and cost reduction..

[Audio] When discussing End-of-Life Batteries management, there are several challenges needing to be addressed in order to optimize the recycling process. During the disassembly stage, a balance must be struck between manual and automated disassembly. Battery manufacturers often utilize welding or non-detachable joints, adding an extra obstacle to be overcome. Thus, it is key to maintain concentration on reversible joints..

[Audio] We are facing growing environmental pressures and have to find ways to lessen our effect on the planet. Our research looked into end-of-life batteries and how they are used and disposed of, particularly for electric vehicles. We found that there are numerous gains to this method, including enlarging the circularity of products and materials, backing innovation, and creating employment. Additionally, it lowers our dependency on fundamental raw materials, and furthers sustainability..

[Audio] The story of energy storage is continuously evolving. Slide 19 is devoted to End-of-Life Batteries Management. To surmount this challenge, Enablers Technologies such as Big Data and Cloud Computing, together with an improved Battery Management System and reliable SOH Classification are essential. Sveva Ladisa, Ilaria Scigliuolo, Simone Bruschi, Luca Ferrari, Pietro Salardi and Davide Varotto's expertise in this research project gives us hope for a superior and more efficient energy storage..

[Audio] As the switch to renewable energy sources continues, an efficient and sustainable method of managing end-of-life batteries becomes ever more important. Our strategy offers a reliable and environmentally-friendly answer. Preparation and pyrometallurgical processes, with particular emphasis on pyrolysis, are used to securely and effectively reclaim metals. All components can be recycled and the cycle returned to its initial state..

[Audio] Our hydrometallurgical process has been designed to address the issues related to end-of-life batteries. It enables dissolution of metallic components, precipitation of impurities, and extraction of Mn/Co/Ni through solvent extraction. This process can cater for both storage and electric vehicle applications, reducing the environmental impact from these waste batteries..

(Harper et.al,2019). COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT RECYCLING PROCESSES.

[Audio] As the demand for electric vehicles mounts, so does the necessity for responsible disposal of battery materials. Our team of professionals has formed a regulation-compliant recycling method which grants a wide range of components to be saved, reducing the effects of climate change and CO2 discharges. This system is mutually beneficial economically and beneficial for LiBs, holding new possibilities in research and development of battery recycling techniques..

[Audio] Increasingly efficient alternative energy generation infrastructure is providing a basis for electric vehicles. To ensure a sustainable future, it is of importance that the Lithium-Ion batteries powering these vehicles are managed properly. LIBs technology for EVs focuses on developing and optimizing efficient production, storage and disposal systems for end-of-life batteries, as demonstrated by the Hydrovolt and Revolt projects. By 2024, the projects will have developed and established efficient recycling plants, further allowing the integration of electric vehicles into the energy infrastructure..

[Audio] We can see from this slide how we can handle end-of-life batteries for both storage and electric vehicles. Components have been sourced locally within the European Union, with an average of 100% for storage and 90% for vehicles. This is a major move towards the goal of having a fossil free energy system operating on an annual basis..

[Audio] Many traditional energy sources may have a range of potential environmental impacts. End-of-life battery management can assist in reducing these impacts, and also be used to create higher-quality products. This slide demonstrates a process of controlled mechanical grinding and crushing of the battery cells, which will reduce their volume and access the graphite. This aids in minimizing the batteries' environmental impact, as well as encouraging reuse and recycling, contributing to a more sustainable way of energy production..

[Audio] We have discussed the critical issue of end-of-life batteries management for storage and electric vehicles, emphasizing the need for efficient solutions and methods to re-use and recycle batteries. We have also emphasized the importance of creating a more circular economy in this domain. Thank you for your attention..