First Aid Training

[Audio] Welcome to your: Emergency First Aid Course Your Instructor is: Ms. Aneka Taylor Emergency Medical Supplies © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training.

[Audio] Introduction Trainer Introduction Course register Health & Safety Fire drill etc. Course Format.

[Audio] Areas Covered in this Session Human Anatomy What is first aid Aims of first aid The Responsibilities of the First Aider Delegation / Confidence / Communication Incident / Casualty priorities Multiple casualties Staying Safe during First Aid DANGER Telephone the Emergency Services 9-1-1.

[Audio] Human Anatomy (remind/revise) 1. Trachea 2. Lungs 3. Heart 4. Liver 5. Stomach 6. Pancreas 7. Large intestine 8. Small intestine © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training.

[Audio] Circulatory System Veins Action of muscles around these thin walled vessels squeezes blood through them, and one-way valves keep it from flowing back towards the heart Aorta Largest artery in the body Arteries Strong muscular, elastic walls enable arteries to expand with each surge of blood away from the heart and towards tissues.

[Audio] . 6. [image] firstaidbg06. Circulatory System.

[Audio] The Heart. 7. The Heart.

[Audio] Functions of the Blood Transportation of gases Nutrition Regulation Protection Excretion.

[Audio] Pulse Points Carotid Brachial Radial Femoral © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training.

[Audio] The Respiratory System Respirtory Centre (Brain) Tongue Epiglottis Trachea Lung Bronchioles Alveoli Diaphragm.

[Audio] Define Respiration Respiration is the exchange of gases, oxygen and carbon dioxide, which takes place in the lungs and cells of the body. FUNCTION Take in oxygen Remove carbon dioxide.

[Audio] What is First Aid The treatment given for any injury, or sudden illness before the arrival of an ambulance, doctor or any other qualified person. © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training.

[Audio] The Aims of First Aid To Preserve life To Prevent the condition getting worse To Promote recovery.

[Audio] Responsibilities of First Aider Incident Management - Assess the situation / get help Casualty Care - Protect casualty and others from Danger Assess the casualty Identify casualty’s injury / Illness Provide treatment Arrange transport Remain with the casualty Prevent cross infection.

[Audio] Approach and Action Assess the situation Telephone for help Assess any further danger Can you cope Do you need assistance Begin Treatment.

[Audio] Primary Assessment Danger your present environment Responses of your casualty Airway Breathing Circulation.

[Audio] Road Traffic Accidents Speed Kills Make the accident site safe © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training.

[Audio] Levels of Response (AVPU) Alert responds appropriately / aware of place / time Verbal responds in some manner to voice Pain responds in some manner to painful stimuli Unresponsive Does not respond to painful stimuli.

[Audio] Airway Before opening the airway (check) for any obstructions and remove (clear) them if possible By tilting the head back and lifting the chin forward, the tongue is drawn away (open) from the back of the throat. Suspected Spinal injuries will differ, majority are conscious. In an unconsciousness casualty the tongue may fall back to block the airway..

[Audio] OPEN AIRWAY © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training.

[Audio] Breathing Rates Average Breathing Rates 12 – 20 times per minute Adults Infants and young children 20 - 30 times per minute.

[Audio] Inspired and Expired Air Inspired Air Other Gases 1% Carbon Dioxide 4% Expired Air Other Gases 1%.

[Audio] Breathing IF ABSENT BREATHE FOR YOUR CASUALTY ! Look, Listen & Feel up to 10seconds.

[Audio] Self Protection ALWAYS WEAR GLOVES When dealing with blood or body fluids.

[Audio] Staying Safe during First Aid Blood and Bodily Fluid HIV Hepatitis B Alwayswear protective gloves and goggleswhen dealing with blood and body fluids Environmental Hazards Traffic Electrical Wires Gas Leak.

[Audio] Emergency Services 999 Always Give the Following Information: Name and telephone number Give exact location Type of incident Seriousness of incident Number of casualties Condition of casualties Any hazards DON'T HANG UP THE PHONE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO !.

[Audio] Multiple Casualties Assess Danger Remove Danger Assess Casualties responses Assess Casualties A.B.C 4 X B’s.

[Audio] Immediate Care Conditions Lack of Airway Lack of Breathing Lack of Pulse Suspected Spinal Injury Shock.

[Audio] Life Threatening Conditions Asphyxia Bleeding Cardiac arrest Shock.

[Audio] Principles of Resuscitation For life to be sustained,: A constant supply of oxygen must be maintained and delivered to the brain and other vital organs by circulating the blood. The “pump” that maintains this circulation: Is the heart. If the heart stops (cardiac arrest) urgent action must be taken if death is to be prevented..

[Audio] Lay Rescuer CPR Guidelines Establish that the casualty is unresponsive Dial 112/999 ask for cardiac ambulance Open the Airway Head tilt/chin lift or, if trauma is suspected, jaw thrust. Check for normal breathing. (look, listen, feel) If normal breathing is absent Give 2 slow breaths (2 seconds per breath) Ensure adequate chest rise, and allow exhalation between breaths..

[Audio] Check for signs of circulation Normal breathing, coughing, or movement in response to the 2 breaths If signs of circulation are present but there is no normal breathing, provide rescue breathing 1 breath every 6 seconds, about 10 breaths per minute If no signs of circulation are present, Begin cycles of 15 chest compressions (about 100 compressions per minute) followed by 2 slow breaths.

[Audio] Circulation IF NO PULSE PRESENT COMMENCE CARDIAC MASSAGE ! © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training.

[Audio] Speed is Essential CPR if Commenced within 3 Minutes of Arrest can Prevent Permanent Brain Damage Buys Time to Allow Successful Defibrillation by Trained personnel.

[Audio] The Chain of Survival Early CPR Early Advanced Cardiac Care Early Access Early Defibrillation.

[Audio] Making a Diagnosis. 36. [image] firstaidbg06.

[Audio] Secondary Survey Monitor Vital Signs Breathing Pulse Skin Colour Temperature Level of response Complete Top to Toe Survey Complete Definitive Treatments.

[Audio] Top to Toe Survey 1. Head 2. Neck 4. Shoulders 3. Chest 5. Upper Limbs 6. Abdomen 7. Pelvis Lower Back 8. Lower Limbs Sequence of examination. © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training.

[Audio] External Clues If casualty is Unconscious Look for Clues.

[Audio] Treatment Priorities A B C Maintain airway (Recovery position) Bleeding Treat large wounds and burns Immobilise bone and joint injuries Other injuries / Conditions Regularly monitor casualty ABC.

[Audio] Reporting Casualty’s name Casualty’s address History of the incident Description of any injuries Any unusual behavior Treatment given Breathing Pulse Response level.

[Audio] Patient Interview S Symptoms A Allergies M Medications P Past Medical History L Last Meal E Events.

[Audio] Dressings & Bandages: Uses Dressings Control bleeding Reduce infection Bandages Direct pressure Securing dressings etc Reduce swelling, support limbs Restrict movement.

[Audio] Rules for Applying Dressings Wear disposable gloves If possible, wash hands Correct size Place pad directly onto wound Avoid touching wound Try not to cough or sneeze.

[Audio] General Rules for Bandaging Explain and reassure Posture Support Your positioning Natural hollows Apply bandages firmly Exposure of digits Check circulation.

[Audio] Preventing Cross Infection Always wash your hands Before dressing a wound Wear disposable gloves Avoid touching the wound Do not sneeze or cough When treating a wound Place soiled dressing in suitable bag Seal and destroy by incineration.

[Audio] The Choking Casualty Recognition Cannot Breathe Cannot Speak Cannot Cough May Clutch Throat.

[Audio] Effects of Fume Inhalation Carbon monoxide Vehicle exhausts, chimneys headache, confusion aggression, nausea vomiting, incontinence dusky skin, red tinge unconsciousness Smoke Fires coughing swollen air passages unconsciousness soot around nose burns Solvents & Fuels Glues, lighter fluid headache, vomiting stupor unconsciousness death Carbon dioxide Deep enclosed spaces Breathlessness headache Hypoxia confusion unconsciousness.

[Audio] Treatment for Asthma Ensure A, B, C Reassure the patient. Position patient up-right Leaning forward. Ensure a good air supply. Monitor vital signs. Assist with medication. 999? © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training.

[Audio] Medical Assistance for Asthma Seek medical assistance if: First attack or is severe Inhaler has no effect after 5-10 minutes Casualty is getting worse Breathlessness makes talking difficult Exhaustion Unconsciousness ABC, Resuscitate if necessary.