[Audio] "2024 I-E-E-E Access Best Video Award Part 2"
1
"Visual Positioning and Dimensions Measurement of Lathe Tool Using Wavelets for Edge Detection" Manuscript ID Access-2-0-2-4--2-9-1-2-2
By Shweta Kumari Department of E-C-E--, Manav Rachna University, Faridabad Co-Authors 10/13/2024
Shweta Kumari Oct-2-0-2-4
Prof. (Dr ) Charu Pathak Prof. (Dr ) Shruti Vashist Manav Rachna University Manav Rachna University. 

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“2024 IEEE Access Best Video Award Part 2”
"Visual Positioning and Dimensions
Measurement of Lathe Tool Using Wavelets for
Edge Detection" 
Manuscript ID Access-2024-29122
By
Shweta Kumari
Department of ECE, Manav Rachna University, Faridabad
Co-Authors
Prof. (Dr.) Charu Pathak 
Prof. (Dr.) Shruti Vashist
Manav Rachna University                                
Manav Rachna University
10/13/2024
Shweta Kumari Oct-2024
1

[Audio] Contents 2
I Introduction Ii. Literature Review Iii.proposed Method And Algorithm Iv.experimental Setup And Results V Conclusions Vi.references
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Contents
I. INTRODUCTION
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
III.PROPOSED METHOD AND ALGORITHM
IV.EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND RESULTS
V. CONCLUSIONS
VI.REFERENCES
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[Audio] 3
Introduction Importance of precise tool positioning in smart manufacturing and mechanical automation Focus on micro parts manufacturing where millimeterlevel accuracy is critical Dimension estimation of lathe tools for long-term wear monitoring Develop a low-cost tool positioning system using highresolution images 10/13/2024
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Introduction
Importance of precise tool positioning in smart 
manufacturing and mechanical automation
Focus on micro parts manufacturing where millimeter-
level accuracy is critical
Dimension estimation of lathe tools for long-term wear 
monitoring
Develop a low-cost tool positioning system using high-
resolution images

[Audio] 4
Applications  Automated Positioning devices.
 Robotic surgical tools, milling machine (lathe)
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Applications
 Automated Positioning devices.
 Robotic surgical tools, milling machine (lathe)

[Audio] 5
Methods for Verification of Autuomatic Tool Positioning  Various methods of tool positioning have been in use since last few years: co-ordinate measuring machine, offset measurement method, atomic force microscope, laser interferometers, scanning electron microscopes, linear encoders, actuators, laser interferometers 10/13/2024
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Methods for Verification of 
Autuomatic Tool Positioning
 Various methods of tool positioning have been in use 
since last few years:
co-ordinate measuring machine, 
offset measurement method, 
atomic force microscope, 
laser interferometers, 
scanning electron microscopes, 
linear encoders, 
actuators, 
laser interferometers

[Audio] 6
Challenges in Accurate tool positioning Sensor data accuracy is not guaranteed; due to drifts and noise. Goal: Achieve correct tool positioning at the millimeter level. Solution: Utilizing image processing as a tool for higher precision.
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Challenges in Accurate tool positioning
•Sensor data accuracy is not guaranteed; due to drifts and 
noise.
•Goal: Achieve correct tool positioning at the millimeter level.
•Solution: Utilizing image processing as a tool for higher 
precision.

[Audio] 7
Image Processing Challenges Noise in images impacts detection accuracy Non-local means filter effectiveness declines with high noise levels Results in blurry images and loss of clarity in the denoised output 10/13/2024
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Image Processing Challenges  
•Noise in images impacts detection accuracy
•Non-local means filter effectiveness declines with high noise 
levels
•Results in blurry images and loss of clarity in the denoised 
output

[Audio] 8
Literature Review Paper title Authors Published By Method Features/Finding Applications/ Limitations/Gap s Focus Tool condition Conference chain code extracting the evaluating the tool E Sharma, P Mahapatra, A life and timely Low accuracy in the range of mm.
Doegar (I-E-E-E-) technique, pixel matching and morphological replacing it, if it is not in favourable (2017) operations shape of the tool. Depending upon the shape of the tool, it has been condition. monitoring using the chain code technique, pixel matching and morphological classified as 'Normal' or 'Worn'. operations 10.1109/CIACT.20
17.7977270
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Literature Review
Paper title
Authors
Published By
Method
Features/Finding
s
Applications/ 
Focus
Limitations/Gap
Tool condition 
monitoring using 
the chain code 
technique, pixel 
matching and 
morphological 
operations
E Sharma, P 
Mahapatra, A 
Doegar
Conference
(IEEE) 
(2017)
10.1109/CIACT.20
17.7977270
chain code 
technique, pixel 
matching and 
morphological 
operations
extracting the 
shape of the tool. 
Depending upon 
the shape of the 
tool, it has been 
classified as 
‘Normal’ or ‘Worn’.
evaluating the tool 
life and timely 
replacing it, if it is 
not in favourable 
condition.
Low accuracy in 
the range of mm.

[Audio] 9
Literature Review Contd…..
Paper title Authors Journal / Conf Method Features/Finding Applications/ Limitations/Gap D-O-I (month/ s Focus year)
Journal using a new biodeveloped system milling and lathe Low resolution in A Machine Vision System for Tool P K Mahapatra, R Thareja, M Kaur, extracts the Positioning and Its A Kumar (Sage) inspired technique named Negative difference between machines, industrial the range of millimetres Verification the actual and (2015)
Selection Algorithm, a model of Artificial Immune System. doi.
1177/0020294015
602499 applications, applications in mechanical, aerospace, medical and manufacturing target positions of the tool from the captured images through image processing and calculates the processes error.
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Literature Review Contd…..
Paper title
Authors
Journal /  Conf
DOI (month/ 
year)
Method
Features/Finding
s
Applications/ 
Focus
Limitations/Gap
A Machine Vision 
System for Tool 
Positioning and Its 
Verification
P.K. Mahapatra, R. 
Thareja, M. Kaur, 
A. Kumar
Journal
(Sage) 
(2015)
https://doi.org/10.
1177/0020294015
602499
using a new bio-
inspired technique 
named Negative 
Selection Algorithm, 
a model of Artificial 
Immune System.
developed system 
extracts the 
difference between 
the actual and 
target positions of 
the tool from the 
captured images 
through image 
processing and 
calculates the 
error.
milling and lathe 
machines,  
industrial 
applications, 
applications in 
mechanical,
aerospace, 
medical and 
manufacturing 
processes
Low resolution in 
the range of 
millimetres

[Audio] 10
Literature Review Contd…..
Paper title Authors Journal / Conf Method Features/Finding Applications/ Limitations/Gap D-O-I (month/ year) s Focus Error optimization Conference comparison of Bat Bat algorithm for optimization of using Bat and A Garg, P K Mahapatra, A and Particle lathe tool Does'nt give good results if the image P-S-O algorithms for Kumar (I-E-E-E-) Swarm outperforms the P-S-O algorithm. positional error in a is blurr, has low machine vision Optimization developed lighting system based tool (2014)
(P-S-O--) algorithms machine vision movement system for 10.1109/ICACCI.2
014.6968298 determination of lathe tool position and verification.
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Literature Review Contd…..
Paper title
Authors
Journal /  Conf
DOI (month/ year)
Method
Features/Finding
s
Applications/ 
Focus
Limitations/Gap
Error optimization 
using Bat and 
PSO algorithms for 
machine vision 
system based tool 
movement
A. Garg, P. K. 
Mahapatra, A. 
Kumar
Conference
(IEEE) 
(2014)
10.1109/ICACCI.2
014.6968298
comparison of Bat 
and Particle 
Swarm 
Optimization 
(PSO) algorithms
Bat algorithm 
outperforms the 
PSO algorithm.
for optimization of 
lathe tool 
positional error in a 
developed 
machine vision 
system for 
determination of 
lathe tool position 
and verification.
Does’nt give good 
results if the image 
is blurr, has low 
lighting

[Audio] 11
Literature Review Contd…..
Method Features/Fi Applications/ Limitations/Gap Paper title Authors Journal / Conf D-O-I ndings Focus (month/ year)
Wear analysis in Journal The method metal industry 1.Reliance on two-dimensional JH ArévaloRuedas, E described involves Importance of Tool Life, cutting tools by the technique of image analyzing tool Tool EspinelBlanco, E (Journal of Physics) wear in the metal Florez-Solano Deterioratio n, Effective processing with the application of two-dimensional (2021) industry using digital image Wear matrices processing and Control, Interface10.1088/17426596/2139/1/0
matlab software. Two-dimensional 12018 based Analysis matrices are employed to monitor the status of inserts by comparing images in gray scales. Additionally, an analysis method based on interfaces is under study, enabling users to access a matrix physical methods in Matlab software limits the analysis to grayscale comparison, potentially overlooking three-dimensional wear aspects and material variations.
2.Emphasis on simple geometric descriptors may oversimplify wear characterization, missing nuanced features relevant to wear mechanisms.
3.Artificial vision system's ability to detect wear may be limited to significant changes, potentially missing subtle wear progression or leading to premature tool changes.
4.Precision positioning requirement for insert placement before and after machining processes could introduce variability, impacting wear assessment accuracy. implemented 10/13/2024
Shweta Kumari Oct-2024 database and a set of images to determine tool wear.. 

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Literature Review Contd…..
Paper title
Authors
Journal /  
Conf DOI
(month/ year)
Method
Features/Fi
ndings
Applications/ 
Focus
Limitations/Gap
Wear analysis in 
cutting tools by the 
technique of image 
processing with 
the application of 
two-dimensional 
matrices
JH Arévalo-
Ruedas, E 
Espinel-
Blanco, E 
Florez-Solano
Journal
(Journal of 
Physics) 
(2021)
10.1088/1742-
6596/2139/1/0
12018
The method 
described involves 
analyzing tool 
wear in the metal 
industry using 
digital image 
processing and 
MATLAB software. 
Two-dimensional 
matrices are 
employed to 
monitor the status 
of inserts by 
comparing images 
in gray scales. 
Additionally, an 
analysis method 
based on 
interfaces is under 
study, enabling 
users to access a 
implemented 
database and a 
set of images to 
determine tool 
wear.
Importance 
of Tool Life, 
Tool 
Deterioratio
n, Effective 
Wear 
Control, 
Interface-
based 
Analysis
metal industry 1.Reliance on two-dimensional 
matrix physical methods in Matlab
software limits the analysis to 
grayscale comparison, potentially 
overlooking three-dimensional wear 
aspects and material variations.
2.Emphasis on simple geometric 
descriptors may oversimplify wear 
characterization, missing nuanced 
features relevant to wear 
mechanisms.
3.Artificial vision system's ability to 
detect wear may be limited to 
significant changes, potentially 
missing subtle wear progression or 
leading to premature tool changes.
4.Precision positioning requirement 
for insert placement before and after 
machining processes could introduce 
variability, impacting wear 
assessment accuracy.

[Audio] 12 Why Edge Detection Algorithms ? Challenges in edge detection The main application of edge detection is in detecting objects in an image. Identifying the correct edge is a challenge.
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●Challenges in edge detection
The main application of edge detection is in detecting objects in an 
image. Identifying the correct edge is a challenge.
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12 Why Edge Detection Algorithms ?

[Audio] 13
Objectives of Research  Correct Estimation of dimensions of Lathe tool using images.
 Correct Estimation of position of Lathe tool using images.
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Objectives of Research
 Correct Estimation of dimensions of Lathe tool 
using images.
 Correct Estimation of position of Lathe tool using 
images.

[Audio] Methodology 14
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Methodology
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[Audio] 15
Results 10/13/2024
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Results

[Audio] 16
Results Contd….
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Results Contd….

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Results Contd….
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Results Contd….

[Audio] 18
Results Contd….
Error Improvement Using Denoising Techniques with Sobel Operator Combination of db1 Wavelet (Level 1) & sure Denoising: Minimum absolute error: -0.0004 Maximum absolute error: 0.1810 Sobel Operator with Non-Local Means Filter for Denoising: Minimum absolute error: 0.0011 Maximum absolute error: 0.1815
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Error Improvement Using Denoising Techniques with Sobel Operator
•Combination of db1 Wavelet (Level 1) & SURE Denoising:
•Minimum absolute error: -0.0004
•Maximum absolute error: 0.1810
•Sobel Operator with Non-Local Means Filter for Denoising:
•Minimum absolute error: 0.0011
•Maximum absolute error: 0.1815
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Results Contd….

[Audio] 19
Results Contd….
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Results Contd….

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Results Contd….
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Results Contd….

[Audio] 21
Conclusions In Table 4, it is observed that the length of the lathe tool, ab, is greater than cd. Additionally, bc is greater than da. Therefore, the lathe tool has a trapezoidal shape.
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Conclusions
• In Table 4, it is observed that the length of the lathe tool, ab, is greater than cd. 
Additionally, bc is greater than da. Therefore, the lathe tool has a trapezoidal shape.

[Audio] 22
Conclusions Contd…. Conclusion: Sobel operator with Daubechies wavelet preprocessing yields superior accuracy for mm-level precision Operator choice: Sobel selected for time-efficient computation and smooth edge detection Adaptive coefficient: No fixed magnitude, allowing for customizable edge visibility Wavelet functionality: Increasing vanishing moments lead to sparser image representations Daubechies advantages: Nonlinear phase response advantageous for image processing tasks Concentrated energy: Energy primarily focused near the beginning of support, enhancing computational efficiency Superior smoothness: Maximum vanishing moments achieved for given support width Denoising efficiency: Daubechies wavelet at level 1 via sure method efficiently removes Gaussian noise and restores image details 10/13/2024
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Conclusions Contd….
•Conclusion: Sobel operator with Daubechies wavelet preprocessing yields superior 
accuracy for mm-level precision
•Operator choice: Sobel selected for time-efficient computation and smooth edge 
detection
•Adaptive coefficient: No fixed magnitude, allowing for customizable edge visibility
•Wavelet functionality: Increasing vanishing moments lead to sparser image 
representations
•Daubechies advantages: Nonlinear phase response advantageous for image processing 
tasks
•Concentrated energy: Energy primarily focused near the beginning of support, 
enhancing computational efficiency
•Superior smoothness: Maximum vanishing moments achieved for given support width
•Denoising efficiency: Daubechies wavelet at level 1 via SURE method efficiently 
removes Gaussian noise and restores image details

[Audio] 23
Outcome of the Research Advancements in Automated Technology Need for High Accuracy Machines: Essential in manufacturing and healthcare Research Outcomes: Development of more accurate automated systems Detection and warning of inaccurate positioning and size of lathe tools Benefits of Proposed Systems: Image-based Contactless Cost-effective 10/13/2024
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Advancements in Automated Technology
•Need for High Accuracy Machines:
•Essential in manufacturing and healthcare
•Research Outcomes:
•Development of more accurate automated systems
•Detection and warning of inaccurate positioning and size of lathe 
tools
•Benefits of Proposed Systems:
•Image-based
•Contactless
•Cost-effective
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Outcome of the Research

[Audio] 24
Conclusions  Precise tool positioning system demonstrated with minimal error  Effective dimension estimation for monitoring tool wear 10/13/2024
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 Precise tool positioning system demonstrated with 
minimal error
 Effective dimension estimation for monitoring tool wear
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Conclusions

[Audio] 25
Future Scope  Error Optimization techniques can be applied further for betterment in results.
 Further improvement in noise reduction techniques.
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 Error Optimization techniques can be applied further 
for betterment in results.
 Further improvement in noise reduction techniques.
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Future Scope

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References 10/13/2024
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References

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References Contd….
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References Contd….

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References Contd….
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References Contd….

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References Contd….
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References Contd….

[Audio] 30
Thank you!
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Thank you!
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PowerPoint Presentation

"2024 I-E-E-E Access Best Video Award Part 2"
1
"Visual Positioning and Dimensions Measurement of Lathe Tool Using Wavelets for Edge Detection"  Manuscript ID Access-2-0-2-4--2-9-1-2-2
By Shweta Kumari Department of E-C-E--, Manav Rachna University, Faridabad Co-Authors 10/13/2024
Shweta Kumari Oct-2-0-2-4
Prof. (Dr ) Charu Pathak  Prof. (Dr ) Shruti Vashist Manav Rachna University                                 Manav Rachna University

avatar

Contents 2
I Introduction Ii. Literature Review Iii.proposed Method And Algorithm Iv.experimental Setup And Results V Conclusions Vi.references
10/13/2024
Shweta Kumari Oct-2-0-2-4

3
Introduction Importance of precise tool positioning in smart  manufacturing and mechanical automation Focus on micro parts manufacturing where millimeterlevel accuracy is critical Dimension estimation of lathe tools for long-term wear  monitoring Develop a low-cost tool positioning system using highresolution images 10/13/2024
Shweta Kumari Oct-2-0-2-4

4
Applications  Automated Positioning devices.
 Robotic surgical tools, milling machine (lathe)
10/13/2024
Shweta Kumari Oct-2-0-2-4

5
Methods for Verification of  Autuomatic Tool Positioning  Various methods of tool positioning have been in use  since last few years: co-ordinate measuring machine,  offset measurement method,  atomic force microscope,  laser interferometers,  scanning electron microscopes,  linear encoders,  actuators,  laser interferometers 10/13/2024
Shweta Kumari Oct-2-0-2-4

6
Challenges in Accurate tool positioning 
Sensor data accuracy is not guaranteed; due to drifts and  noise.

Goal: Achieve correct tool positioning at the millimeter level.

Solution: Utilizing image processing as a tool for higher  precision.
10/13/2024
Shweta Kumari Oct-2-0-2-4

7
Image Processing Challenges   
Noise in images impacts detection accuracy 
Non-local means filter effectiveness declines with high noise  levels 
Results in blurry images and loss of clarity in the denoised  output 10/13/2024
Shweta Kumari Oct-2-0-2-4

8
Literature Review Paper title Authors Published By Method Features/Finding Applications/  Limitations/Gap s Focus Tool condition  Conference chain code  extracting the  evaluating the tool  E Sharma, P  Mahapatra, A  life and timely  Low accuracy in  the range of mm.
Doegar (I-E-E-E-)  technique, pixel  matching and  morphological  replacing it, if it is  not in favourable  (2017) operations shape of the tool.  Depending upon  the shape of the  tool, it has been  condition. monitoring using  the chain code  technique, pixel  matching and  morphological  classified as  'Normal' or 'Worn'. operations 10.1109/CIACT.20
17.7977270
10/13/2024
Shweta Kumari Oct-2-0-2-4

9
Literature Review Contd…..
Paper title Authors Journal /  Conf Method Features/Finding Applications/  Limitations/Gap D-O-I (month/  s Focus year)
Journal using a new biodeveloped system  milling and lathe  Low resolution in  A Machine Vision  System for Tool  P K  Mahapatra, R  Thareja, M Kaur,  extracts the  Positioning and Its  A Kumar (Sage)  inspired technique  named Negative  difference between  machines,   industrial  the range of  millimetres Verification the actual and  (2015)
Selection Algorithm,  a model of Artificial  Immune System. doi.
1177/0020294015
602499 applications,  applications in  mechanical, aerospace,  medical and  manufacturing  target positions of  the tool from the  captured images  through image  processing and  calculates the  processes error.
10/13/2024
Shweta Kumari Oct-2-0-2-4

10
Literature Review Contd…..
Paper title Authors Journal /  Conf Method Features/Finding Applications/  Limitations/Gap D-O-I (month/ year) s Focus Error optimization  Conference comparison of Bat  Bat algorithm  for optimization of  using Bat and  A Garg, P K   Mahapatra, A  and Particle  lathe tool  Does'nt give good  results if the image  P-S-O algorithms for  Kumar (I-E-E-E-)  Swarm  outperforms the  P-S-O algorithm. positional error in a  is blurr, has low  machine vision  Optimization  developed  lighting  system based tool  (2014)
(P-S-O--) algorithms machine vision  movement system for  10.1109/ICACCI.2
014.6968298 determination of  lathe tool position  and verification.
10/13/2024
Shweta Kumari Oct-2-0-2-4

11
Literature Review Contd…..
Method Features/Fi Applications/  Limitations/Gap Paper title Authors Journal /   Conf D-O-I ndings Focus (month/ year)
Wear analysis in  Journal The method  metal industry 1.Reliance on two-dimensional  JH ArévaloRuedas, E  described involves  Importance  of Tool Life,  cutting tools by the  technique of image  analyzing tool  Tool  EspinelBlanco, E  (Journal of  Physics)  wear in the metal  Florez-Solano Deterioratio n, Effective  processing with  the application of  two-dimensional  (2021) industry using  digital image  Wear  matrices processing and  Control,  Interface10.1088/17426596/2139/1/0
matlab software.  Two-dimensional  12018 based  Analysis matrices are  employed to  monitor the status  of inserts by  comparing images  in gray scales.  Additionally, an  analysis method  based on  interfaces is under  study, enabling  users to access a  matrix physical methods in Matlab software limits the analysis to  grayscale comparison, potentially  overlooking three-dimensional wear  aspects and material variations.
2.Emphasis on simple geometric  descriptors may oversimplify wear  characterization, missing nuanced  features relevant to wear  mechanisms.
3.Artificial vision system's ability to  detect wear may be limited to  significant changes, potentially  missing subtle wear progression or  leading to premature tool changes.
4.Precision positioning requirement  for insert placement before and after  machining processes could introduce  variability, impacting wear  assessment accuracy. implemented  10/13/2024
Shweta Kumari Oct-2024 database and a  set of images to  determine tool  wear.

12 Why Edge Detection Algorithms ?

Challenges in edge detection The main application of edge detection is in detecting objects in an  image. Identifying the correct edge is a challenge.
10/13/2024
Shweta Kumari Oct-2-0-2-4

13
Objectives of Research  Correct Estimation of dimensions of Lathe tool  using images.
 Correct Estimation of position of Lathe tool using  images.
10/13/2024
Shweta Kumari Oct-2-0-2-4

Methodology 14
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15
Results 10/13/2024
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Results Contd….
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Results Contd….
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18
Results Contd….
Error Improvement Using Denoising Techniques with Sobel Operator 
Combination of db1 Wavelet (Level 1) & sure Denoising:

Minimum absolute error: -0.0004

Maximum absolute error: 0.1810

Sobel Operator with Non-Local Means Filter for Denoising:

Minimum absolute error: 0.0011

Maximum absolute error: 0.1815
10/13/2024
Shweta Kumari Oct-2-0-2-4

19
Results Contd….
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20
Results Contd….
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21
Conclusions 
 In Table 4, it is observed that the length of the lathe tool, ab, is greater than cd.  Additionally, bc is greater than da. Therefore, the lathe tool has a trapezoidal shape.
10/13/2024
Shweta Kumari Oct-2-0-2-4

22
Conclusions Contd….

Conclusion: Sobel operator with Daubechies wavelet preprocessing yields superior  accuracy for mm-level precision 
Operator choice: Sobel selected for time-efficient computation and smooth edge  detection 
Adaptive coefficient: No fixed magnitude, allowing for customizable edge visibility 
Wavelet functionality: Increasing vanishing moments lead to sparser image  representations 
Daubechies advantages: Nonlinear phase response advantageous for image processing  tasks 
Concentrated energy: Energy primarily focused near the beginning of support,  enhancing computational efficiency 
Superior smoothness: Maximum vanishing moments achieved for given support width 
Denoising efficiency: Daubechies wavelet at level 1 via sure method efficiently  removes Gaussian noise and restores image details 10/13/2024
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Outcome of the Research Advancements in Automated Technology 
Need for High Accuracy Machines:

Essential in manufacturing and healthcare 
Research Outcomes:

Development of more accurate automated systems 
Detection and warning of inaccurate positioning and size of lathe  tools 
Benefits of Proposed Systems:

Image-based 
Contactless 
Cost-effective 10/13/2024
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Conclusions  Precise tool positioning system demonstrated with  minimal error  Effective dimension estimation for monitoring tool wear 10/13/2024
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Future Scope  Error Optimization techniques can be applied further  for betterment in results.
 Further improvement in noise reduction techniques.
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References 10/13/2024
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References Contd….
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References Contd….
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References Contd….
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Thank you!
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