Scaffold Training

[Virtual Presenter] Scaffold Training. Scaffold Training.

[Virtual Presenter] What Is A Scaffold? A scaffold is an elevated temporary work platform. Three basic types: Supported scaffolds platforms supported by rigid, load bearing members, such as poles, legs, frames, & outriggers. Suspended scaffolds platforms suspended by ropes or other non rigid, overhead support. Aerial Lifts such as “cherry pickers” or “boom trucks.”.

[Virtual Presenter] Hazards Employees working on scaffolds are exposed to hazards. Falls from elevation – caused by slipping, unsafe access, and the lack of fall protection. Struck by – caused by falling tools / debris. Electrocution – contact with overhead power lines. Scaffold collapse caused by instability or overloading. Bad planking – breaking and giving way. About 2 of every three construction workers (2.3 million) work on scaffolds frequently. Protecting these workers from scaffold related accidents would prevent 4500 injuries and 50 deaths every year, at a savings of 90 million dollars in workdays not lost..

[Virtual Presenter] Fall Hazards Falls may occur: While climbing on or off the scaffold. Working on unguarded scaffold platforms. When scaffold platforms or planks fail..

[Virtual Presenter] Protecting Workers from Falls If a worker on a scaffold can fall more than 10 feet they must be protected by: Guardrails, and/or. Personal Fall Arrest Systems (P-F-A-S-) Personal fall arrest system a system used to arrest an employee’s fall. It consists of an anchorage, connectors, a body belt or body harness and may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline, or combinations of these. The type of fall protection required depends on the kind of scaffold being used..

[Virtual Presenter] Guardrails Install along open sides & ends. Front edge of platforms not more than 14 inches from the work, unless using guardrails and/or P-F-A-S-. Top rails 38 to 45 inches tall. Midrails halfway between top rail and platform. Toeboards at least 3-1/2 inches high..

[Virtual Presenter] Personal Fall Arrest Systems (P-F-A-S-) You must be trained how to properly use P-F-A-S. PFAS include anchorage, lifeline and body harness.

[Virtual Presenter] Fall Protection Requirements PFAS can be used instead of guardrails on some scaffolds. Use PFAS & guardrails on suspension scaffolds. Use P-F-A-S on erectors and dismantlers where feasible. The ends of this scaffold are not properly guarded What fall protection will I need when working on scaffolds? Boatswains’ chair, catenary scaffold, float scaffold, needle beam scaffold, ladder jack scaffold – personal fall arrest system. Single point or two point adjustable scaffold – personal fall arrest system and a guardrail system. Crawling board (chicken ladder) – personal fall arrest system, a guardrail system or by a three fourth inch diameter grabline or equivalent handhold securely fastened beside each crawling board. On a walkway within a scaffold – guardrail system installed within 9 ½ inches of and along at least one side of the walkway On a supported scaffold when performing overhand bricklaying operations – personal fall arrest system or guardrail system on all open sides and ends of the scaffold. For all other scaffolds, a personal fall arrest system or a guardrail system.

[Virtual Presenter] Falling Object Protection Wear hard hats. Barricade the area below the scaffold to prevent entry into that area. Use panels or screens if the material is stacked higher than the toe board. Build a canopy or erect a net below the scaffold that will contain or deflect falling objects. How am I protected from falling objects when I am working on a scaffold? The major protection is to always wear a hardhat. In addition, when there is the danger of falling hand tools, debris, and other small objects, the employer must install toeboards, screens or guardrail systems above the worker on a scaffold, or through the erection of debris nets, catch platforms, or canopy structures that contain or deflect the falling objects. When the potential falling objects are too large to be held by toeboards, screens or guardrail systems, the employer must place such objects away from the edge of the surface from which they could fall, and must secure those materials as necessary to prevent their falling. Workers on scaffolds must be aware of employees working below them, who are in danger from objects falling from the scaffold. Where this danger exists, the employer must erect a barricade to keep employees from working below the scaffold, or must place a toeboard or an edging along the edge of the platform..

[Virtual Presenter] Overhead Power Lines The possibility of electrocution is a serious consideration when working near overhead power lines. Check the clearance distances listed in the standard. The standard requires specific clearance distances, see) for a table listing those distances. Scaffolds may be closer to power lines than specified where the clearance is necessary to perform work, but only after the utility company, or electrical system operator, is notified of the need to work closer and they deenergized or relocate the lines, or installed protective coverings to prevent contact with the lines..

[Virtual Presenter] Scaffold Support Examples C:\PowerPoint-97\PPT97-For Review\Scaffolds\Photos\New scaf09.jpg C:\A-MAIN file\OUTREACH\Presentation7\Slide1.JPG Base plate Mud sills Inadequate support Danger of collapse Good support.

[Virtual Presenter] Essential Elements of Safe Scaffold Construction Use appropriate scaffold construction methods. Proper scaffold access. Use a competent person for erection, dismantling, maintenance, and pre shift inspections of the scaffold..

[Virtual Presenter] Scaffold Platform Construction Platforms must: Be fully planked or decked with no more than 1 inch gaps. Be able to support its weight & 4 times maximum load. Be at least 18 inches wide. This is not a properly constructed scaffold How wide does the work area need to be on scaffolding? Each scaffold platform and walkway must be at least 18 inches wide. When the work area is less than 18 inches wide, guardrails and/or personal fall arrest systems must be used. Employees on a walkway located within a scaffold must be protected by a guardrail system installed within 9 1/2 inches of and along at least one side of the walkway. Planking should be graded and marked as scaffold planking..

[Virtual Presenter] No large gaps in front edge of platforms. Each abutted end of the plank must rest on a separate support surface. Overlap platforms at least 12 inches over supports, unless restrained to prevent movement. Planks not properly overlapped.

[Virtual Presenter] No paint on wood platforms. Use scaffold grade wood. Fully planked between front upright and guardrail support. Component pieces used must match and be of the same type. Erect on stable and level ground. Lock wheels and braces. Identification paint may be used on the edges of the wooden planks. Do not use dissimilar metals in scaffold assembly.

[Virtual Presenter] Scaffold Height The height of the scaffold should not be more than four times its minimum base dimension unless guys, ties, or braces are used Q:\John B\filtered\Slide22.JPG 20’ 5’.

[Virtual Presenter] Platform Ends Each end of a platform, unless cleated or otherwise restrained by hooks, must extend over its support by at least 6 inches. C:\A-MAIN file\OUTREACH\pllankks\Slide1.JPG No Cleats.

[Virtual Presenter] Supported Scaffolds Platforms supported by legs, outrigger beams, brackets, poles, uprights, posts, & frames. Restrain from tipping by guys, ties, or braces. Scaffold poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights must be on base plates and mud sills or other firm foundation. . This support is not adequate! Framed squares made of metal or wood, usually assembled on site The structural members: poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights must be plumb and braced to prevent swaying and displacement. Supported scaffolds with a height to base width ratio of more than 4:1 must be restrained by guying, tying, bracing, or an equivalent means. How can one prevent supported scaffolding from tipping? Either the manufacturers’ recommendation or the following placements must be used for guys, ties, and braces: Install guys, ties, or braces at the closest horizontal member to the 4:1 height and repeat vertically with the top restraint no further than the 4:1 height from the top. Vertically—every 20 feet or less for scaffolds less than three feet wide; every 26 feet or less for scaffolds more than three feet wide. Horizontally—at each end; at intervals not to exceed 30 feet from one end..

[Virtual Presenter] Proper Scaffold Access Provide access when scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet above or below a point of access. Permitted types of access: Ladders, such as portable, hook on, attachable, stairway type, and built ins. Stair towers. Ramps and walkways. You may use the building stairs and come out the window..

[Virtual Presenter] Scaffold Access No access by cross braces. When using ladders, the bottom rung is no more than 24 inches high. Can use some end frames. Can access from another scaffold, structure, or hoist. End Frame Do not access by cross braces Reference 1926.451(e).

[Virtual Presenter] Suspension Scaffolds Platforms suspended by ropes or wires. Rope must be capable of supporting 6 times the load. Train employees to recognize hazards. Secure/tie to prevent swaying. Support devices must rest on surfaces that can support 4 times the load..

[Virtual Presenter] Competent person Evaluate connections to ensure the supporting surfaces can support load. Inspect ropes for defects before shift. P-F-A-S must have anchors independent of the scaffold support system..

[Virtual Presenter] Moving Scaffolds A competent person must be on site to supervise. Employees can’t be on the scaffold part beyond the wheels. Employees can’t be on a moving scaffold unless: Surface is level. Height to base ratio is 2 to 1. Outriggers are installed on both sides of scaffolds..

[Virtual Presenter] Fatal Fact – Moving a Lift Employee was operating an aerial lift, with an extendable boom rotating work platform. The boom was fully extended and the machine apparently ran over some bricks, causing the boom to flex or spring, throwing the employee from the basket. The employee fell 37 feet to a concrete surface..

[Virtual Presenter] Don’t use Shore or Lean to Scaffolds Shore scaffold Supported scaffold which is placed against a building or structure and held in place with props Lean to scaffold Supported scaffold which is kept erect by tilting it toward and resting it against a building or structure.

[Virtual Presenter] Using Scaffolds Don’t work on snow or ice covered platforms or during storms or high winds. Use tag lines on swinging loads. Protect suspension ropes from heat & acid. A covered scaffold has special wind load considerations.

[Virtual Presenter] Fatal Fact – Ice & No Guardrails The laborer was working on the third level of a tubular welded frame scaffold which was covered with ice and snow. The scaffold was not fully decked, there was no guardrail and no access ladder. The worker slipped and fell head first 20 feet to the pavement below..

[Virtual Presenter] Overhand Bricklaying from Supported Scaffolds A guardrail or personal fall arrest system is required on all sides except the side where the work is being done..

[Virtual Presenter] Competent Person Person capable of identifying and promptly correcting hazards. Determines if it’s safe to work on a scaffold during storms or high winds. Trains workers to recognize hazards. Select qualified workers to conduct work..

[Virtual Presenter] Scaffold Inspection C:\A-MAIN file\OUTREACH\Damage\Slide1.JPG Deformed bearer A competent person inspects scaffolds for visible defects before each shift and after any alterations. Defective parts must be immediately repaired. A competent person must inspect scaffolds and scaffold components for visible defects before each work shift, and after any occurrence which could affect a scaffold's structural integrity. Any part of a scaffold damaged or weakened such that its strength is less than that required shall be immediately repaired or replaced, braced to meet those provisions, or removed from service until repaired..

[Virtual Presenter] Scaffold Erection Scaffolds can only be erected, moved, dismantled, or altered under the supervision of a competent person. A competent person selects & directs these workers and determines the feasibility of fall protection..

[Virtual Presenter] Training Requirements Train employees on scaffold hazards and procedures to control or minimize the hazards The training must include: Nature of electrical, fall, and falling object hazards. How to deal with electrical hazards and fall protection systems. Proper use of the scaffold. How to handle materials on the scaffold. Scaffold load capacities. Employees who work on a scaffold must be trained by a person qualified to recognize the hazards associated with the type of scaffold used and to understand the procedures to control and minimize those hazards. The training must include fall hazards, falling object hazards, electrical hazards, proper use of the scaffold, and handling of materials. A competent person must train all employees who erect, disassemble, move, operate, repair, maintain, or inspect scaffolds. Training must cover the hazards, the correct procedures for erecting, disassembling, moving, operating, repairing, inspecting, and maintaining the type of scaffold in use. Appendix D provides a guide to other recommended topics such as P-P-E--, access, and guys, ties, braces and parts inspection which should be used to train scaffold erectors and dismantlers. Retrain when: Changes at the worksite present a new hazard Changes in the types of scaffolds, fall protection, falling object protection, or other equipment present a new hazard An employee's work with scaffolds indicates the need.

[Virtual Presenter] Retraining is required in when the following occurs: Changes in the worksite present a hazard for which the employee has not been previously trained. Changes in types of scaffolds, fall protection, falling object protection, or other equipment present a new hazard. An employee’s work with scaffolds indicates the need. Retrain as necessary Employees who work on a scaffold must be trained by a person qualified to recognize the hazards associated with the type of scaffold used and to understand the procedures to control and minimize those hazards. The training must include fall hazards, falling object hazards, electrical hazards, proper use of the scaffold, and handling of materials. A competent person must train all employees who erect, disassemble, move, operate, repair, maintain, or inspect scaffolds. Training must cover the hazards, the correct procedures for erecting, disassembling, moving, operating, repairing, inspecting, and maintaining the type of scaffold in use. Appendix D provides a guide to other recommended topics such as P-P-E--, access, and guys, ties, braces and parts inspection which should be used to train scaffold erectors and dismantlers. Retrain when: Changes at the worksite present a new hazard Changes in the types of scaffolds, fall protection, falling object protection, or other equipment present a new hazard An employee's work with scaffolds indicates the need.

[Virtual Presenter] Training Erectors Train employees involved in erecting, disassembling, moving, operating, repairing, maintaining, or inspecting a scaffold to recognize its hazards and the correct procedures to use. The training shall also include the design criteria, maximum intended load carrying capacity and intended use of the scaffold When the employer has reason to believe that an employee lacks the skill or understanding needed for safe scaffolding work, the employer shall retrain that employee.

[Virtual Presenter] Avoid the Main Hazards of Scaffolds Falls from elevation. Bad planking. Scaffold collapse. Being struck by falling tools or debris. Electrocution..

[Virtual Presenter] Summary Remember to: Use appropriate scaffold construction methods. Erect, move or alter the scaffold properly. Protect from falling objects or tools. Ensure stable access Use a competent person. Train employees on scaffold construction and the hazards involved with scaffolds. Inspect the scaffold before each shift and after alterations. Determine fall protection requirements..

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