Name: COMPARATIVE MODELS IN POLICING
Uploaded: 2023-10-03
Duration: 14 min 15 s
Description: COMPARATIVE MODELS IN POLICING. Ernie Boy P. Dinapo, RCrim. Top 4 December 2022 CLE.

COMPARATIVE MODELS IN POLICING. Ernie Boy P. Dinapo, RCrim. Top 4 December 2022 CLE. 

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Ernie Boy P. Dinapo, RCrim. Top 4 December 2022 CLE

COMPARATIVE an estimate of relative likeness or unlikeness of two objects or event Denotes the degree or grade by which a person, thing, or other entity has a property or quality greater or less in extent than that of another. POLICING This is the practice for the maintenance of peace and order, law enforcement and for the security of the community It is the practice by the police officers for the maintenance of peace and order.. 

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COMPARATIVE an estimate of relative likeness or unlikeness of 	two objects or event Denotes the degree or grade by which a person, 	thing, or other entity has a property or quality 	greater or less in extent than that of another. POLICING 	This  is  the  practice  for  the  maintenance  of peace and order, law enforcement and for the security of the community It is the practice by the police officers for the 	maintenance of peace and order.

COMPARATIVE POLICE SYSTEM. Process of outlining the similarities and differences of one police system to another in order to discover insights in the field of international policing. It is the science and art of investigating and comparing the police system of nations. It covers the study of police organizations, trainings, and methods of policing of various nations. This study covers the comparison of selected police models and their relation with Interpol and UN Bodies in the campaign against transnational crimes.. 

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Process  of  outlining  the  similarities  and differences of one police system to another in order  to  discover  insights  in  the  field  of international policing. It  is  the  science  and  art  of  investigating  and 	comparing  the  police  system  of  nations.  It 	covers  the  study  of  police  organizations, 	trainings,  and  methods  of  policing  of  various 	nations. This study covers the comparison of selected 	police models and their relation with Interpol 	and  UN  Bodies  in  the  campaign  against 	transnational crimes.

Why	do. we	need	to	compare	police. systems? to benefit from the experience of others. to broaden our understanding of the different cultures and approaches to the problems. to help us deal with many transnational crime problems that plague our world today.. 

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systems?
 to benefit from the experience of others. 	to  broaden  our  understanding  of  the different  cultures  and  approaches  to  the problems. 	to help us deal with many transnational crime  problems  that  plague  our  world today.

Two Comparing Method. SAFARI METHOD the researcher visits another country. COLLABORATIVE METHOD the	researcher	communicates	with	a foreign researcher.. 

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SAFARI METHOD the researcher visits another country.
 COLLABORATIVE METHOD 	the	researcher	communicates	with	a foreign researcher.

GLOBALIZATION is a package of transnational flow people, production, investment, information, ideas, and authority. growing interpenetration of states, markets, communication and ideas. The process of creating transnational markets, politics, and legal systems in an effort to form and sustain a global economy. Is the system of interaction among the countries of the world in order to develop the global economy. a process by which regional economies, societies, cultures have become integrated through a global network of communication, transportation and trade.. 

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GLOBALIZATION 	is  a  package  of  transnational  flow  people, production, investment, information, ideas, and authority. 	growing  interpenetration  of  states,  markets, communication and ideas. The process of creating transnational markets, 	politics, and legal systems in an effort to form 	and sustain a global economy. 	Is  the  system  of  interaction  among  the countries of the world in order to develop the global economy. 	a  process  by  which  regional  economies, societies,  cultures  have  become  integrated through  a  global  network  of  communication, transportation and trade.

The Effects of Globalization Industry: The world has become a huge market where you can buy and sell things produced in any part of the world.There are a lot of international brands operating worldwide. Culture: Globalization means a decrease in the cultural diversity that used to exist in the world earlier. You can find people in several countries dressing up like Westerners. Food is another good example. Young people especially are eating more of American or Chinese foods than their own cultural dishes.. 

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The Effects of Globalization
 Industry: The world has become a huge market where you can buy and sell things produced in any  part  of  the  world.There  are  a  lot  of international brands operating worldwide.
 Culture: Globalization means a decrease in the cultural diversity that used to exist in the world earlier. You can find people in several countries dressing  up  like  Westerners.  Food  is  another good  example.  Young  people  especially  are eating more of American or Chinese foods than their own cultural dishes.

Legislation: There has been an increase in the establishment of International courts of justice where someone accused could be dealt with in any part of the world. Interpol is another example of Internal law enforcement agency. Language: With increased globalization, people tend to forget their mother tongue and use English instead as there is an idea that it makes them superior in some way. This might also help them in job searches and etc.. 

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Legislation: There has been an increase in the establishment of International courts of justice where someone accused could be dealt with in any part of the world. Interpol is   another   example   of   Internal   law enforcement agency.
 Language:  With  increased  globalization, people tend to forget their mother tongue and  use  English  instead  as  there  is  an idea that it makes them superior in some way.  This  might  also  help  them  in  job searches and etc.

Information: With the wide use of internet and other kinds of information technology, it has become much easier and faster to share information worldwide. Live TV channels are another good example of quick information sharing. Finance: Globalization has made it easier to raise finance through individuals and firms outside the country. The International Monetary Fund is a good example of an International Institute which lends money to countries in need for finance.. 

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Information: With the wide use of internet and other kinds of information technology, it has become much easier and faster to share  information  worldwide.  Live  TV channels  are  another  good  example  of quick information sharing.
 Finance: Globalization has made it easier to raise finance through individuals and firms outside  the  country.  The  International Monetary Fund is a good example of an International Institute which lends money to countries in need for finance.

Politics: Powerful countries and individuals nowadays have political control over the whole world, not only their country. The United States is an example of a country that influences the whole of the world politics.. 

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Politics: Powerful countries and individuals nowadays have political control over the whole world,  not  only  their  country.  The United States is an example of a country that  influences  the  whole  of  the  world politics.

EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION to Law Enforcement. •. law	enforcers	are	expected. 

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EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION to Law Enforcement

present  new  threats  to  state-based human rights regimes – great challenge to law enforcement.

Threats on Law Enforcement increasing volume of human rights violations as evidence by genocide and mass killing. the underprivileged gain unfair access to global mechanism on law enforcement and security. conflict between nation transnational criminal networks for drug trafficking, money laundering, terrorism.. 

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Threats on Law Enforcement
 	increasing   volume   of   human   rights violations  as  evidence  by  genocide  and mass killing. the underprivileged gain unfair access to global  mechanism  on  law  enforcement and security. conflict between nation 	transnational  criminal  networks  for  drug trafficking, money laundering, terrorism.

THEORIES OF COMPARATIVE POLICING ALERTNESS	TO	CRIME	THEORY	–	is that as a nation develops, people’s alertness to crime is heightened. ECONOMIC OR MIGRATION THEORY – is that crime is everywhere is the result of unrestrained	migration	and overpopulation in urban areas ghettos and slums.. 

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THEORIES OF COMPARATIVE POLICING
 ALERTNESS	TO	CRIME	THEORY	–	is that  as  a  nation  develops,  people’s alertness to crime is heightened.
 ECONOMIC OR MIGRATION THEORY – is that crime is everywhere is the result of unrestrained	migration	and overpopulation  in  urban  areas  ghettos and slums.

OPPORTUNITY THEORY – is that along with higher standards of living, victims become more careless of their belongings, and opportunities for crime multiply. DEMOGRAPHIC THEORY – is based on the event when greater number of children are being born.. 

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OPPORTUNITY THEORY – is that along with  higher  standards  of  living,  victims become   more   careless   of   their belongings,  and  opportunities  for  crime multiply.
 	DEMOGRAPHIC THEORY – is based on the  event  when  greater  number  of children are being born.

6.. problem	as	society	becoming. MODERNIZATION	THEORY	–	sees too. 

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complex.
 7. THEORY OF ANOMIE AND SYNOMIE – suggest  that  progressive  lifestyles  and norms  result  in  the  disintegration  of older  norms  that  once  held  people together. SYNOMIE – social cohesion ANOMIE – disintegration

THEORIES OF POLICE SERVICE. Home Rule Theory The theory of police service which states that police officers are servants of the community or the people who rely for the efficiency of their functions upon the express of needs of the people. Policemen are civil servants whose key duty is preservation of public peace and security.. 

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Home Rule Theory The theory of police service which states that 	police officers are servants of the community 	or the people who rely for the efficiency of their 	functions  upon  the  express  of  needs  of  the 	people. Policemen are civil servants whose key duty is 	preservation of public peace and security.

Continental Theory Is the theory of police service which maintains that police officers are servants of higher authorities This theory prevail in European countries where governmental organization follows CENTRALIZED pattern e.g. Spain, Italy and France. The people have no share or little participation with the duties nor connection with the police organization.. 

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Continental Theory 	Is  the  theory  of  police  service  which maintains   that   police   officers   are servants of higher authorities This theory prevail in European countries 	where  governmental  organization  follows 	CENTRALIZED  pattern  e.g.  Spain,  Italy 	and France. 	The  people  have  no  share  or  little participation   with   the   duties   nor connection with the police organization.

CONCEPT OF POLICE SERVICE. OLD POLICE SERVICE/CONCEPT Police service gives the impression of being merely suppressive machinery. States that the yardstick of police proficiency relies on the number of arrest made. MODERN POLICE SERVICE/CONCEPT This thought of police service regards police as the first line of defense, an organ of crime prevention. States that the yardstick of police proficiency relies on the absence of crime.. 

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OLD POLICE SERVICE/CONCEPT 	Police  service  gives  the  impression  of  being merely suppressive machinery. States that the yardstick of police proficiency relies on the number of arrest made. MODERN POLICE SERVICE/CONCEPT This thought of police service regards police as 	the  first  line  of  defense,  an  organ  of  crime 	prevention. States that the yardstick of police proficiency relies on the absence of crime.

TYPES OF POLICE SYSTEMS. COMMON LAW SYSTEMS Usually exists in English speaking countries of the world such as US, England, Australia and New Zealand There is strong adversarial system and rely upon oral system of evidence in which the public trial is a main focal point Also known as “Anglo-American Justice” CIVIL LAW SYSTEMS Practiced throughout most European Union such as Sweden, Germany, France and Japan Distinguished by strong inquisitorial system where less right is granted to the accused and the written law is taken as gospel and subject to little interpretation Also known as “Continental Justice or Romano- Germanic Justice”. 

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COMMON LAW SYSTEMS Usually exists in English speaking countries of the world such as US, England, Australia and New Zealand There is strong adversarial system and rely upon oral 	system of evidence in which the public trial is a main 	focal point Also known as “Anglo-American Justice”
 CIVIL LAW SYSTEMS Practiced  throughout  most  European  Union  such  as 	Sweden, Germany, France and Japan Distinguished by strong inquisitorial system where less 	right is granted to the accused and the written law is 	taken as gospel and subject to little interpretation 	Also  known  as  “Continental  Justice  or  Romano- Germanic Justice”

SOCIALIST SYSTEMS distinguished by procedures designed to rehabilitate the offender. known as “Marxist-Leninist Justice” and exist in places such as Africa and Asia. ISLAMIC SYSTEMS based more on	the concept of natural justice or customary law or tribal traditions. Also known as “Muslim or Arabic justice”, and derive all their procedures and practices from the interpretation of the Koran.. 

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SOCIALIST SYSTEMS 	distinguished  by  procedures  designed  to rehabilitate the offender. known as “Marxist-Leninist Justice” and exist in 	places such as Africa and Asia.
 ISLAMIC SYSTEMS based more on	the concept of natural justice or customary law or tribal traditions. Also known as “Muslim or Arabic justice”, and 	derive all their procedures  and practices  from 	the interpretation of the Koran.

TYPES COMPARATIVE COURT SYSTEM Adversarial – where the accused is innocent until proven guilty. Inquisitorial – where the accused is guilty until proven innocent or mitigated. 

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TYPES COMPARATIVE COURT SYSTEM
 	Adversarial  –  where  the  accused  is innocent until proven guilty.
 	Inquisitorial  –  where  the  accused  is guilty   until   proven   innocent   or mitigated

4 Kinds of Societies in the World 1. Folk-Communal Society. 

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4 Kinds of Societies in the World
 1. Folk-Communal Society

specialization among police and system of punishment that just let things go for a while  without  attention  until  things become too much, then harsh, barbaric punishment is resorted to.
 2. Urban-Commercial Society - Has civil laws, specialized police forces, punishment is inconsistent, sometimes harsh, sometimes lenient.

3. Urban- Industrial Society - Not only has codified laws but laws that prescribe good behavior, police become specialized how to handle property crimes 4. Bureaucratic Society - Has system of laws, police who tend to keep busy handling political crimes and terrorism. 

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3. Urban- Industrial Society - Not only has codified laws but laws that prescribe good behavior, police become specialized how to handle property crimes
 4. Bureaucratic Society - Has system of laws, police who tend to keep busy handling political crimes and terrorism

Policing - is one of the most important of the functions undertaken by the very sovereign government. Police is an inevitable organ which would ensure maintenance of law and order first link in CJS. Police force is a symbol of brute force of authority and at the same time protector from crime. Basic Goals of Policing Enforce Law Preserve Peace Prevent Crime Protect civil rights, liberties Provide services. 

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Policing - is one of the most important of the functions  undertaken  by  the  very  sovereign government. Police is an inevitable organ which would ensure maintenance of law and order first link in CJS. Police force is a symbol of brute force of authority and at the same time protector from crime.
 Basic Goals of Policing Enforce Law Preserve Peace Prevent Crime Protect civil rights, liberties Provide services

Three Styles of Policing (by James Q. Wilson) 1. Watchman Style Policing - highlights peace, without aggressive law enforcement and with a few control over officers that does ranking and filing. Deals with maintaining order and law. - one example of watchman style is, if kids are out past curfew the officer may not intervene with them at all.. 

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Three  Styles  of  Policing  (by  James  Q. Wilson)
 1.  Watchman  Style  Policing  -  highlights peace,    without    aggressive    law enforcement and with a few control over officers that does ranking and filing. Deals with maintaining order and law. - one example of watchman style is, if kids are out past curfew the officer may not intervene with them at all.

2. Legalistic Style - completely opposite of the watchmen style of policing. Deals with aggressive crime fighting and tries to control officers behavior through a rule bound.. 

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2. Legalistic Style - completely opposite of the watchmen style of policing. Deals with aggressive  crime  fighting  and  tries  to control officers behavior through a rule bound.

encouraging victims to sign complaints. Example:	write	them	a	citation	or	arrest them.

3. Service Style - normally found in suburban police department where small amount of crimes relatively happen. - has similar characteristics as watchman style and legalistic style but focuses mainly on service to the community and citizens. Example: Try to intervene by taking them home or calling their parents.. 

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3.  Service  Style  -  normally  found  in suburban police department where small amount of crimes relatively happen. - has similar characteristics as watchman style  and  legalistic  style  but  focuses mainly  on  service  to  the  community and citizens. Example: Try to intervene by taking them home or calling their parents.

According to Structure. 1. Centralized Policing System - A system wherein there is only one police force that is recognized and operates entirely a certain country. Decentralized Policing System A police system wherein police administration and operation are independent from one state to another. It is more applicable to countries with federal government.. 

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1. Centralized Policing System - A system wherein there is only one police force that is recognized and operates entirely a certain country.
 Decentralized Policing System A police system wherein police administration 	and  operation  are  independent  from  one 	state to another. It is more applicable to countries with federal 	government.

According to approach. Problem – Oriented Policing A model of policing which is focused in preventing crime from happening. This policing model involves detectives monitoring for patterns of crime to help understand when and how crimes are being committed. POP – coined by HERMAN GOLDSTEIN. 

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Problem – Oriented Policing A model of policing which is focused in 	preventing crime from happening. 	This  policing  model  involves  detectives monitoring for patterns of crime to help understand  when  and  how  crimes  are being committed. POP – coined by HERMAN GOLDSTEIN

The SARA Model builds on Herman Goldstein’s Problem-Oriented Policing and was developed and coined by John Eck and William Spelman (1987). The acronym SARA stands for: SCANNING	–	identify	and	prioritize	the problem ANALYSIS	–	pinpoint	the	cause	of	problem based on data RESPONSE – action plan or intervention ASSESSMENT – evaluate the effectiveness. 

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The SARA Model builds on Herman Goldstein’s Problem-Oriented Policing and was developed and coined by John Eck and William Spelman (1987). The acronym SARA stands for:
 	SCANNING	–	identify	and	prioritize	the problem 	ANALYSIS	–	pinpoint	the	cause	of	problem based on data RESPONSE – action plan or intervention ASSESSMENT – evaluate the effectiveness

Intelligence- LED Policing (often shortened to ILP) is a practice that leverages technological advances in both data collection and analytics to generate valuable “intelligence” that can be used to more efficiently direct law enforcement resources to the people and places where they are likely to do the most good. The Police should actively gather information about criminals and their organization.. 

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Intelligence- LED Policing 	(often shortened to ILP) is a practice that leverages technological advances in both data   collection   and   analytics   to generate  valuable  “intelligence”  that can be used to more efficiently direct law enforcement resources to the people and places where they are likely to do the most good. 	The   Police   should   actively   gather information  about  criminals  and  their organization.

Reactive or Traditional Policing Can be defined as the police responding to specific request from the individual or groups in the community. the opposite of Pro Active policing. 4. Pro Active Policing - Aggressive law enforcement style in which patrol officers take the initiative against crime instead of waiting for criminals acts to occur.. 

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Reactive or Traditional Policing Can be defined as the police responding 	to specific request from the individual or 	groups in the community. the opposite of Pro Active policing.
 4. Pro Active Policing - Aggressive law enforcement style in which patrol officers take the initiative against crime  instead  of  waiting  for  criminals acts to occur.

Predictive policing Includes predictive and analytical techniques in law enforcement to identify potential offenders. It is the usage of mathematical predictive and analytical techniques to identify possible criminal activity.. 

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Predictive policing 	Includes   predictive   and   analytical techniques in law enforcement to identify potential offenders. It is the usage of mathematical predictive 	and   analytical   techniques   to   identify 	possible criminal activity.

6. Reassurance Policing - Emphasizing the police’s communication of positive image to the public, that the public is reassured by the police being visibly present within communities, and that they are accessible and familiar faces. 7. Community Oriented Policing - programs designed to bring the police and the public closer together and create more cooperative working environment between them.. 

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6. Reassurance Policing -  Emphasizing  the  police’s  communication  of positive image to the public, that the public is reassured by the police being visibly present within   communities,   and   that   they   are accessible and familiar faces.
 7. Community Oriented Policing - programs designed to bring the police and the public  closer  together  and  create  more cooperative  working  environment  between them.

8. Democratic Policing -The police are accountable to the rule of law and the community, respect the rights and guarantee the security of all citizens in a non-discriminatory manner.. 

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8. Democratic Policing -The police are accountable to the rule of law and the community, respect the rights and guarantee the security of all citizens in a non-discriminatory manner.

Two Dimensions on Different Method of Policing SINGULAR MODEL - the entire police force in the country is organized as a single force under a single commander. MULTIPLE MODEL - in a single country there are number of Police Forces.. 

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Two Dimensions on Different Method of Policing
 SINGULAR MODEL - the entire police force in  the  country  is  organized  as  a  single force under a single commander.
 MULTIPLE  MODEL  -  in  a  single  country there are number of Police Forces.

INSIDE THE MULTIPLE MODEL. - If the police forces have well defines territories of functioning and their functions do not overlap each other the model is called MULTIPLE COORDINATED. If the case is reverse where many agencies can have overlapping jurisdictions it is called MULTIPLE UNCOORDINATED.. 

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-  If  the  police  forces  have  well  defines territories of functioning and their functions do not overlap each other the model is called MULTIPLE COORDINATED. If the case is reverse where many agencies can have overlapping jurisdictions it is called MULTIPLE UNCOORDINATED.

PHILIPPINES BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINE POLICING SYSTEM Ancient roots - The forerunner of the contemporary police system was the practice of barangay chieftains to select able-bodied young men to protect their barangay during the night and were not required to work in the fields during daytime. Among the duties of those selected were to protect the properties of the people in the barangay and protect their crops and livestock from wild animals.. 

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PHILIPPINES BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINE POLICING SYSTEM
 Ancient roots -  The  forerunner  of  the  contemporary  police system was the practice of barangay chieftains to select able-bodied young men to protect their barangay during the night and were not required  to  work  in  the  fields  during  daytime. Among  the  duties  of  those  selected  were  to protect  the  properties  of  the  people  in  the barangay and protect their crops and livestock from wild animals.

SPANISH PERIOD. CARABINEROS	DE	SEGURIDAD	PUBLICA	– organized in 1712 for the purpose of carrying the regulations of the Department of State; this was armed with carbines and considered as the mounted police; years after, this kind of police organization discharged the duties of a port, harbor and river police. In 1781, it was given the special commission of government custodies of the tobacco monopoly. - By Royal decree of December 20, 1842, it was organized and called Cuerpo de Carabineros de Seguridad Publica (Corps of Carabines for Public Safety). This was the 1st group to be arm with rifle in the history of Philippine Police System.. 

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CARABINEROS	DE	SEGURIDAD	PUBLICA	– organized in 1712 for the purpose of carrying the regulations of the Department of State; this was armed with carbines and considered as the mounted police; years after, this kind of police organization discharged the duties of a port, harbor and river police. In 1781, it was given  the  special  commission  of  government custodies of the tobacco monopoly. - By Royal decree of December 20, 1842, it was organized and called Cuerpo de Carabineros de Seguridad Publica (Corps of Carabines for Public Safety). This was the 1st group to be arm  with  rifle  in  the  history  of  Philippine Police System.

GUARDRILLEROS/CUARDILLO	–	this	was	a body of rural police by the Royal Decree of 18 January 1836, this decree provided that 5% of the able-bodied male inhabitants of each province were to be enlisted in this police organization for three years. GUARDIA CIVIL – this was created by a Royal Decree issued by the Crown on 12 February 1852 to partially relieve the Spanish Peninsular troops of their work in policing towns, it consisted of a body of Filipino policemen organized originally in each of the provincial capitals of the central provinces of Luzon under the Alcalde Mayor.. 

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GUARDRILLEROS/CUARDILLO	–	this	was	a body of rural police by the Royal Decree of 18 January 1836, this decree provided that 5% of the  able-bodied  male  inhabitants  of  each province  were  to  be  enlisted  in  this  police organization for three years.
 GUARDIA CIVIL – this was created by a Royal Decree  issued  by  the  Crown  on  12  February 1852   to   partially   relieve   the   Spanish Peninsular  troops  of  their  work  in  policing towns,  it  consisted  of  a  body  of  Filipino policemen organized originally in each of the provincial  capitals  of  the  central  provinces  of Luzon under the Alcalde Mayor.

AMERICAN PERIOD. Act No. 70 - Metropolitan Police Force of Manila was organized ACT 175 - “An Act Providing for the Organization and Government of an Insular Constabulary” established on August 8, 1901. ACT 255 - renaming Insular Constabulary to Philippine Constabulary CAPT. HENRY ALLEN – the first chief of the Philippine Constabulary in 1901 ACT 183 – enacted on July 13, 1901, created the Manila Police Department.. 

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Act No. 70 - Metropolitan Police Force of Manila was organized ACT 175 - “An Act Providing for the Organization and  Government  of  an  Insular  Constabulary” established on August 8, 1901. ACT  255  -  renaming  Insular  Constabulary  to Philippine Constabulary CAPT.  HENRY  ALLEN  –  the  first  chief  of  the Philippine Constabulary in 1901 ACT 183 – enacted on July 13, 1901, created the Manila Police Department.

POST-AMERICAN PERIOD. R.A. 4864 – otherwise known as the Police Act of 1966, enacted on August 8, 1966; created the Police Commission (POLCOM) as a supervisory agency to oversee	the	training	and professionalization of the local police forces under the Office of the President; later POLCOM was renamed into National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM). 

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R.A. 4864 – otherwise known as the Police Act of 1966, enacted on August 8, 1966; created    the    Police    Commission (POLCOM)  as  a  supervisory  agency  to oversee	the	training	and professionalization  of  the  local  police forces under the Office of the President; later POLCOM was renamed into National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM)

MARTIAL LAW PERIOD. P.D.	765	–	otherwise	known. August	8,	1975;	established. 

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as	the Integration	Act	of	1975,	enacted	on the

Integrated National Police (INP) composed of the Philippine Constabulary (PC) as the nucleus  and  the  integrated  local  police forces as components, under the Ministry of National Defense.

POST MARTIAL LAW REGIME. R.A. 6975 – otherwise known as the Department of the Interior and Local Government Act of 1990, enacted on December 13, 1990; reorganized the DILG and established the Philippine National Police, Bureau of Fire Protection, Bureau of Jail Management and Penology and the Philippine Public Safety College. R.A. 8551 – otherwise known as the Philippine National Police Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998, enacted on February 25, 1998; this law amended certain provisions of RA 6975. RA 9708 - law amending the provisions of RA 6975 and RA 8551 on the minimum educational qualification for appointment to the PNP and adjusting the promotion system; approved on 12 August 2009.. 

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R.A. 6975 – otherwise known as the Department of the Interior and Local Government Act of 1990, enacted on  December  13,  1990;  reorganized  the  DILG  and established the Philippine National Police, Bureau of Fire Protection, Bureau  of  Jail  Management  and  Penology and the Philippine Public Safety College. R.A. 8551 – otherwise known as the Philippine National Police  Reform  and  Reorganization  Act  of  1998, enacted  on  February  25,  1998;  this  law  amended certain provisions of RA 6975. RA 9708 - law amending the provisions of RA 6975 and RA 8551  on  the  minimum  educational  qualification  for appointment  to  the  PNP  and  adjusting  the  promotion system; approved on 12 August 2009.

IMPORTANT FILIPINO PERSONALITIES IN THE EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE POLICING BGEN RAFAEL CRAME - The first Filipino chief of the Philippine Constabulary on December 17, 1917 COL ANTONIO TORRES - The first Filipino chief of police of the Manila Police Department in 1935 COL LAMBERTO JAVALERA - The first chief of police of the Manila Police Department after the Philippine Independence from the United States of America in 1946 appointed by Fidel Ramos P/DIR GEN CESAR NAZARENO - The first chief of the Philippine National Police.. 

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IMPORTANT FILIPINO PERSONALITIES IN THE EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE POLICING
 BGEN RAFAEL CRAME - The first Filipino chief of the  Philippine  Constabulary  on  December  17, 1917 COL ANTONIO TORRES - The first Filipino chief of  police  of  the  Manila  Police  Department  in 1935 COL LAMBERTO JAVALERA - The first chief of police of the Manila Police Department after the Philippine Independence from the United States of America in 1946 appointed by Fidel Ramos P/DIR GEN CESAR NAZARENO - The first chief of the Philippine National Police.

THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT (DILG) formerly Department of Local Government (DLG) reorganized under R.A. 6975 NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION (NAPOLCOM) formerly Police Commission (POLCOM) an agency attached to the DILG for policy coordination. shall	exercise	administrative	control	and operational supervision over the PNP.. 

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THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT (DILG) formerly Department of Local Government 	(DLG) reorganized under R.A. 6975
 NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION (NAPOLCOM) formerly Police Commission (POLCOM) an agency attached to the DILG for policy 	coordination. 	shall	exercise	administrative	control	and operational supervision over the PNP.

MODIFIED PNP RANK CLASSIFICATION PREVIOUS DIRECTOR GENERAL DEPUTY DIRECTOR GENERAL DIRECTOR CHIEF SUPERINTENDENT SENIOR SUPERINTENDENT SUPERINTENDENT CHIEF INSPECTOR SENIOR INSPECTOR INSPECTOR SENIOR POLICE OFFICER 4 SENIOR POLICE OFFICER 3 SENIOR POLICE OFFICER 2 SENIOR POLICE OFFICER POLICE OFFICER 3 POLICE OFFICER 2 POLICE OFFICER 1 NEW POLICE GENERAL POUCE LIEUTANT POLICE MAJOR GENERAL POLICE BRIGADIER GENERAL POLICE COLONEL POLICE LIEUTENANT COLONEL POLICE MAJOR POLICE CAPTAIN POLICE LIEUTENANT POLICE EXECUTIVE MASTER SERGEANT POLICE CHIEF MASTER SERGEANT POLICE SENIOR MASTER SERGEANT POLICE MASTER SERGEANT POLICE STAFF SERGEANT POLICE CORPORAL PATROLMAN / PATROLWOMAN ABBREVIATIONS PGEN PLTGEN PMGEN PBGEN PCOL PLTCOL PMAJ PCPT PEMS PCMS PSMS PMSg PSSg pcpl 4. 

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MODIFIED PNP RANK
CLASSIFICATION
PREVIOUS
DIRECTOR GENERAL
DEPUTY DIRECTOR
GENERAL
DIRECTOR
CHIEF
SUPERINTENDENT
SENIOR
SUPERINTENDENT
SUPERINTENDENT
CHIEF INSPECTOR
SENIOR INSPECTOR
INSPECTOR
SENIOR POLICE
OFFICER 4
SENIOR POLICE
OFFICER 3
SENIOR POLICE
OFFICER 2
SENIOR POLICE
OFFICER
POLICE
OFFICER 3
POLICE OFFICER 2
POLICE OFFICER 1
NEW
POLICE GENERAL
POUCE LIEUTANT
POLICE MAJOR
GENERAL
POLICE BRIGADIER
GENERAL
POLICE COLONEL
POLICE LIEUTENANT
COLONEL
POLICE MAJOR
POLICE CAPTAIN
POLICE LIEUTENANT
POLICE EXECUTIVE
MASTER SERGEANT
POLICE CHIEF MASTER
SERGEANT
POLICE SENIOR
MASTER SERGEANT
POLICE MASTER
SERGEANT
POLICE STAFF
SERGEANT
POLICE CORPORAL
PATROLMAN /
PATROLWOMAN
ABBREVIATIONS
PGEN
PLTGEN
PMGEN
PBGEN
PCOL
PLTCOL
PMAJ
PCPT
PEMS
PCMS
PSMS
PMSg
PSSg
pcpl
4

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LONDON. METROPOLITAN POLICE organized in 1829 by Sir Robert Peel (Metropolitan Police Act of 1829) the largest of the police services that operate in greater London (the others include the City of London Police and the British Transport Police) finest police force around the world. TOTAL POLICING = motto of London Metropolitan Police Commissioner = highest rank Police Constable = lowest rank. 

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METROPOLITAN POLICE organized in 1829 by Sir Robert Peel (Metropolitan Police 	Act of 1829) the largest of the police services that operate in greater 	London (the others include the City of London Police and 	the British Transport Police) finest police force around the world.
 TOTAL POLICING = motto of London Metropolitan Police
 Commissioner = highest rank Police Constable = lowest rank

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Types of US Police CITY POLICE - mainly responsible for enforcing the law in their own city. In most	cities	in	USA,	who	appoints	the	head	of the police department in cities? MAYOR What is the largest city police department in the United States? NYPD. 

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Types of US Police
 CITY POLICE - mainly responsible for enforcing the law in their own city. In		most	cities	in	USA,	who	appoints	the	head	of the police department in cities? MAYOR What is the largest city police department in the United States? NYPD