DNA SEQUENCING

[Audio] Dna Sequencing. dna3. DNA SEQUENCING.

[Audio] Introduction to D-N-A Secquencing DNA sequencing is the process of determining the exact sequence of nucleotides within a D-N-A molecule. This means by sequencing a stretch of D-N-A--, it will be possible to know the order in which the four nucleotide bases adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine that make up a strand of D-N-A--. These bases provide the underlying genetics basis (the genotype) for telling a cell what to do , where to go and what kind of cell to become (the phenotype). Nucleotides are not the only determinants of phenotypes, but are essential to their formation. Each individual and organism has specific nucleotide base sequence..

[Audio] History of D-N-A Sequencing Watson and crick's discovery of D-N-A structure created the theoretical framework for understanding D-N-A replication and transcription. The first D-N-A fragment to be sequence belonged to a small virus called T4 bacteriophage that specifically infects Escherichia coli bacteria. An important gene in this organism codes for the enzyme, lysozyme. Originally developed by Frederick Sanger in 1975, had completed the sequence of all the amino acid in insulin. The first full D-N-A genome to sequenced was that of bacteriophage in 1977..

[image] what- is DNA sequencirg?.

[Audio] D-N-A sequencing DNA is made up of four building blocks, or bases – called A, C, G and T The sequence of bases forms instructions for an organism’s cells to follow, including how to make all the proteins it needs to function. The human genome is made up of around 3.2 billion bases. Other organisms’ genomes are longer or shorter. For example, the fruit fly genome is around 180 million bases. D-N-A sequencing allows us to determine the exact order of bases in a sequence. This can tell us a lot of information about an organism’s genetics and the proteins its cells make to function. By sequencing individual genes and regions of D-N-A--, all the way up to whole genomes, we are learning more about the role of genetics and genomics in biology, health and disease..

[Audio] D-N-A sequencing in crops is a powerful tool that helps scientists understand the genetic makeup of plants, leading to improvements in agriculture. Here’s a rundown of how it’s used and why it’s important: Genetic Improvement: Sequencing helps identify genes responsible for desirable traits like disease resistance, drought tolerance, or high yield. By understanding these genes, breeders can select plants with these traits more effectively..

[Audio] Disease Resistance: Sequencing can reveal genetic variants that confer resistance to specific pests or diseases. This information can be used to develop crop varieties that are more resilient to threats..

[Audio] Nutritional Enhancement: Sequencing can help enhance the nutritional content of crops. For example, identifying genes involved in nutrient biosynthesis can lead to crops with improved vitamin or mineral content..

[Audio] Understanding Genetic Diversity: Sequencing can reveal the genetic diversity within and between crop varieties. This helps in understanding how different varieties adapt to various environments and can aid in preserving genetic diversity..

[Audio] Marker-Assisted Selection (M-A-S--): D-N-A sequencing helps in identifying genetic markers associated with desirable traits. These markers can be used in M-A-S to accelerate the breeding process by selecting plants with the best genetic profiles..

[Audio] Functional Genomics: Researchers can use sequencing data to understand the function of specific genes and their role in various biological processes, such as growth, development, and stress responses..

[Audio] Genomic Selection: This approach uses D-N-A sequence information to predict the performance of crops in breeding programs. It allows breeders to select plants with the best potential for certain traits before they are fully grown..

[Audio] Precision Agriculture: Sequencing technologies contribute to precision agriculture by providing detailed genetic information that can be used to optimize crop management practices based on the specific genetic makeup of different plant varieties. Overall, D-N-A sequencing is a transformative technology in crop science, enabling more efficient breeding, better understanding of plant biology, and improvements in crop performance and resilience..

[Audio] How important D-N-A Sequencing ?. How important DNA Sequencing ?.

[Audio] D-N-A sequencing is extremely important across various fields, including agriculture, medicine, environmental science, and biotechnology. Here’s a breakdown of its significance: 1. Agriculture Crop Improvement: Enables the identification of genes associated with desirable traits like disease resistance, drought tolerance, and high yield. This accelerates the development of improved crop varieties. Disease Management: Helps in understanding the genetic basis of plant diseases and developing resistant crop varieties, reducing reliance on chemical treatments. Nutritional Enhancement: Allows for the breeding of crops with enhanced nutritional profiles, addressing global food security and health issues. Marker-Assisted Selection (M-A-S--): Facilitates the selection of plants with beneficial traits, speeding up the breeding process and improving crop quality..

[Audio] 2. Medicine Personalized Medicine: Enables tailored treatments based on an individual’s genetic makeup, improving efficacy and reducing adverse effects. Disease Diagnosis: Provides tools for diagnosing genetic disorders and understanding complex diseases at a molecular level. Drug Development: Aids in the discovery and development of new drugs by identifying genetic targets and understanding drug interactions. 3.Environmental Science Biodiversity Conservation: Helps in the identification and conservation of endangered species and understanding ecological relationships. Pollution Monitoring: Assists in monitoring environmental pollutants and their impact on ecosystems by analyzing genetic changes in organisms. Climate Change Research: Provides insights into how genetic variations affect species’ responses to climate change..

[Audio] 4.Biotechnology Genetic Engineering: Facilitates the development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) with specific traits, including improved production capabilities and environmental resilience. Synthetic Biology: Enables the design and construction of new biological parts, devices, and systems by understanding and manipulating genetic sequences. 5. Forensics Crime Investigation: D-N-A sequencing is crucial for identifying individuals in forensic cases, solving crimes, and exonerating innocent people. 6. Evolutionary Biology Understanding Evolution: Provides insights into the genetic basis of evolution, helping scientists trace the evolutionary history of species and understand genetic diversity..

[Audio] 7. Human Health and Development Genetic Research: Contributes to a deeper understanding of human genetics, leading to advancements in genetic counseling, prenatal testing, and understanding complex traits and diseases. Overall, D-N-A sequencing is a cornerstone of modern science and technology, driving progress in numerous fields by providing detailed genetic information that helps in solving complex problems, improving health outcomes, and enhancing our understanding of the natural world..

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[Audio] Group Members : Kurt Axel Oliveros Luis Quilantang Jhon Paul Italia Bryz Vincent Arnejo.