Audio Recording 2 Mar 2022 at 09:47:50. Deforestation. 

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Audio Recording 2 Mar 2022 at 09:54:43. Audio Recording 2 Mar 2022 at 09:56:14. 

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The Controversy Surrounding Deforestation In The Ancient World

Why does a clear definition of deforestation help solve this issue?

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Audio Recording 2 Mar 2022 at 09:58:17. Audio Recording 2 Mar 2022 at 09:58:46. 

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Fuel  Charcoal Building Materials  For houses and roof War  Ship building  Destruction of forests to prevent ambush

Audio Recording 2 Mar 2022 at 09:59:40. Audio Recording 2 Mar 2022 at 10:00:59. 

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It all lies as a promontory, projecting far from the rest of the continent into the sea. The basin of the sea around it happens to be deep and steep-to. Since many and great deluges ( kataklysmoi ) occurred in the nine thousand years (which years elapsed from that time until now), in the said times and calamities the soil of the earth from the heights did not run down, as in other places, into a noteworthy outpouring, but always flowed round in a circle and disappeared into the deep. There is left from then to now, just as in small islands, only the bones of a sick body, all the fat and soft of the earth having fallen away, only the bare body of the place. But then it was intact and the mountains were high earth-hills, and the plains now called  Phelleos  were full of fat earth, and there was much woodland in the mountains, of which even now there are visible signs. For some of the mountains now have only food for bees, but not very much time ago trees, from whence roofs were cut for the greatest buildings. And besides, there were many tame trees, and it bore boundless pasturage for herds. And also it garnered the yearly water from Zeus, which was not as now lost by flow from the bareness of the land into the sea; but holding much and receiving it back, and storing it up in the rooftile producing earth, and drinking down from the heights the water absorbed in the hollows, it provided all the places with plentiful streams of springs and rivers. And even now, on the spots where there formerly were springs, there remain shrines, which are signs that what is now said about this is true. . .. The Acropolis was then not as it is now. For now, it happened one-night waters, carrying away the earth, melted it away and made it bare, when earthquakes happened at the same time as the third extraordinary disaster of water before  Deukalion’s  . . . ( Kritias , 111; Rackham translation) Rackham, O.(1996). Ecology and pseudo-ecology: the example of ancient Greece. J., & Shipley, G. (Eds.)  Human Landscapes in Classical Antiquity: Environment and Culture (1st ed.). Salmon, pp 33-34

Audio Recording 2 Mar 2022 at 10:02:51. Audio Recording 2 Mar 2022 at 10:03:41. 

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Palynology: What is it and how does it help us understand deforestation?

Pollen sample analysis  Unsuitable climate and destruction of wetlands means there is a lack of pollen samples available to study

Audio Recording 2 Mar 2022 at 10:05:20. Audio Recording 2 Mar 2022 at 10:05:59. 

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Neolithic  sample  Bronze age Rome Decrease in deciduous tree pollen Samples of  ostrya  ad  tilia  present  Introduction of walnut and plane trees Large variation in tree pollen types Increase in  graminea  pollen

Atherden , M., Hall, J., & Wright, J. (1993). A pollen diagram from the northeast Peloponnese, Greece: implications for vegetation history and archaeology. The Holocene: A Major Interdisciplinary Journal Focusing on Recent Environmental Change, 3(4), 351-356.

Final thoughts. Need a concrete definition of what deforestation is. 

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Need a concrete definition of what deforestation is

Audio Recording 2 Mar 2022 at 10:07:31. Bibliography. 

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Atherden , M., Hall, J., & Wright, J. (1993). A pollen diagram from the northeast Peloponnese, Greece: implications for vegetation history and archaeology. The Holocene: A Major Interdisciplinary Journal Focusing on Recent Environmental Change, 3(4), 351-356. Bernabei , M.,  Bontadi , J., Rea, R.,  Büntgen , U. and  Tegel , W., 2019. Dendrochronological evidence for long-distance timber trading in the Roman Empire.  PLOS ONE , 14(12), pp.1-13. Hughes, J., “Chapter 12, The Natural Environment” in  Kinzl , K, A Companion to the Classical Greek World, Blackwell, 2006.  Rackham, O.(1996). Ecology and pseudo-ecology: the example of ancient Greece. J., & Shipley, G. (Eds.)  Human Landscapes in Classical Antiquity: Environment and Culture (1st ed.). Salmon, pp 16-43 W.V. Harris.  Defining and Detecting Mediterranean Deforestation, 800BCE to 700CE,  The Ancient Mediterranean Environment between Science and History  173–194

Deforestation

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