Cyclotron – A Particle Accelerator

Cyclotron – A Particle Accelerator. Introduction A cyclotron is a type of particle accelerator that uses a combination of a magnetic field and an electric field to accelerate charged particles (like protons or ions) in a spiral path. Working Principle 1.Magnetic Field (B): A strong perpendicular magnetic field forces charged particles to move in a circular path. 2.Electric Field (E): An alternating electric field between two D-shaped electrodes (called “Dees”) accelerates the particles each time they cross the gap between the Dees. 3.Spiral Motion: As particles gain energy, their circular path expands, forming a spiral until they exit the cyclotron at high speed. Main Components Dees (D-shaped electrodes): Provide alternating voltage for acceleration. Magnet: Generates a uniform magnetic field to keep particles in a circular path. Ion Source: Produces charged particles (protons, deuterons, etc.). High-Frequency Oscillator: Alternates the electric field for continuous acceleration.

TEAM MEMBERS KAMALISHREE K MOHNAPRIYA P LAVANYA J.

INTRODUCTION A cyclotron is a type of particle accelerator that uses a combination of a magnetic field and an electric field to accelerate charged particles (like protons or ions) in a spiral path..

WORKING PRINCIPLE 1.Magnetic Field (B): A strong perpendicular magnetic field forces charged particles to move in a circular path. 2.Electric Field (E): An alternating electric field between two D-shaped electrodes (called “Dees”) accelerates the particles each time they cross the gap between the Dees. 3.Spiral Motion: As particles gain energy, their circular path expands, forming a spiral until they exit the cyclotron at high speed..

MAIN COMPONENTS Dees (D-shaped electrodes): Provide alternating voltage for acceleration. Magnet: Generates a uniform magnetic field to keep particles in a circular path. Ion Source: Produces charged particles (protons, deuterons, etc.). High-Frequency Oscillator: Alternates the electric field for continuous acceleration.

APPLICATION OF CYCLOTRON PRODUCTION OF MEDICAL ISOTOPES Cyclotrons produce short-lived radioisotopes used in positron emission tomography (PET) scans and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Common isotopes include: Fluorine-18 (¹⁸F) – Used in FDG-PET scans for cancer detection and brain studies. Carbon-11 (¹¹C), Nitrogen-13 (¹³N), Oxygen-15 (¹⁵O) – Used for metabolic and neurological imaging. Technetium-99m (⁹⁹ᵐTc) – Commonly used in heart, bone, and lung scans..

INDUSTRY Cyclotron-generated gamma rays and neutron beams are used for industrial radiography to inspect welds, pipelines, and aerospace components for defects.Helps in quality control of critical structures like bridges, aircraft, and power plants. SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH Used to study nuclear reactions and fundamental particle properties.Helps in synthesizing new isotopes and understanding atomic nuclei behavior.Supports research in nuclear energy and fusion technology..

ADVANTAGE OF CYCLOTRON ✅ Compact and efficient ✅ Produces high-energy particles ✅ Cost-effective compared to linear accelerators.

CONCLUSION Cyclotrons play a key role in science, medicine, and industry.Their ability to accelerate particles efficiently makes them invaluable in modern technology.Future advancements may lead to even more applications..

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