Introduction to cyber security

[Audio] I am afra now I am going to introduce about cyber security and its reasons for commission of cyber crimes.

[Audio] "Historical evolution of internet and cyber crime" ---Internet originated in the 1960s- limited to scientists, researchers, and defense. ---Exponential growth in user base over decades. ---Early computers crime: physical damage to hardware/infrastructure. "Shift in cyber crime trends" --- 1980s: move from physical damage to malicious code (viruses) causing malfunctions. --- effects limited due to restricted internet access (defense, large companies, research). --- 1996: public launch of the internet → rapid popularity and lifestyle dependence..

[Audio] "User-friendly internet & emerging risks" --- Intuitive GUIs and hyperlinks simplified usage. --- users unaware of data storage, transmission, snooping, interception, or tampering risks. --- shift in focus: from data destruction/personal gain → financial crimes. "Scale of Cyber Attacks (Historical Estimates)" --- Every second: ~25 computers victimized (circa early 2010s) --- ~800 million individuals affected by 2013 --- CERT-In (India): ~308,371 websites hacked (2011–2013) --- Annual global loss: ~$160 million (conservative; many cases unreported).

[Audio] "India's internet landscape (2011–2014 context)" --- 3rd largest internet users globally (~100 million as of June 2011; growing rapidly). --- ~22 million broadband connections via 134+ major isps. --- modern update: India now has over 800–1,000 million internet users and 1 billion+ broadband subscribers (2025–2026). "definition of cyber crime" --- unlawful activities using computers/computing devices (e.g., smartphones, tablets, PDAs) as tool or target --- devices standalone or networked --- committed by individuals with destructive/criminal mindset for revenge, greed, or adventure.

[Audio] FIRST CYBER ATTACKS 1960-1970's The beginning of computer networks and the first cyber attacks FIRST FIREWALL TECHNOLOGY 1980's The first firewall technology is developed, allowing organizations to control access to their computer networks RISE OF VIRUS WORM 1990's The rise of the Internet, increased use of computer networks, led to increases in cyber attacks ADVENT OF WORLD WIDE WEB 2000's Advent of the world wide web, which led to a significant increase in the number of cyber attacks RISE OF IOT, MOBILE DEVICE & CLOUD COMPUTING 2010's advanced tactics such as phishing, spear-phishing, and ransomware to steal sensitive information and extract money from their victims COVID-19 SPREAD 2020's dramatic increase in the use of the video conferencing collaboration tools, and cloud-based services, which can be exploited by cyber criminals POTENTIAL CYBER SECURITY USING AI Today Development of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence playing a major role in the fight against cyber threads.

[Audio] Classification of cyber crimes --- "Classification based on attacker's position" 'Insider attack' --- perpetrator has authorized access (e.g., dissatisfied employees/contractors). --- motives: revenge or greed. --- easier due to knowledge of policies, it architecture, and weaknesses. --- common triggers: fired employees or un updated roles creating vulnerabilities. --- prevention: internal intrusion detection systems (IDS). 'external attack' --- attacker external to organization (or hired by insider). --- impacts: financial loss + reputation damage. --- methods: scanning, reconnaissance. --- detection: monitor firewall logs; use intrusion detection systems (IDS)..

[Audio] "Classification Based on Attacker Maturity/Structure" *Unstructured Attacks* --- By amateurs with no predefined motive --- Test readily available tools on random networks/companies *Structured Attacks* --- By highly skilled/experienced professionals --- Clear motives; sophisticated tools/technologies --- Bypass IDS; customize/modify tools --- Perpetrators: Professional criminals, nation-states, terrorists, rival companies, politicians --- Can be internal (e.g., competitor plants employee for espionage).

[Audio] *Modern Organized Cyber Crime* --- Low-investment, low-risk, high-return business. --- Highly organized with hierarchical structures (like formal organizations). --- Technical capabilities match developed nations. --- Targets: Financial institutions, defense, nuclear establishments. --- Roles dynamic based on opportunity. --- Hacker may exploit data personally or sell to buyers with expertise. --- On-demand services: Malware/virus creation, DDoS attacks for clients. *Broader Impacts* --- Victims face financial loss + severe reputation damage. --- Competitors often benefit indirectly.

[Audio] Reasons for Commission of Cyber Crimes Money: People are motivated towards committing cyber crime is to make quick and easy profits. Revenge: Some people try to take revenge with other person/organization/society/caste or religion by defaming its reputation or bringing economical or physical loss. This comes under cyber terrorism. Fun: The amateur do cyber crime for fun. They just want to test the latest tool they have encountered. Recognition : Pride in breaching high-security targets (e.g., defense networks).

[Audio] Anonymity: Cyber space offers easy anonymity vs real world → lowers ethical barriers - Easier to evade detection/punishment online THANK YOU - Attracts otherwise law-abiding individuals for personal gain State-Sponsored/Strategic Cyber Espionage: Governments monitor others for political, economic, or social motives..