[Audio] Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
Dr Anil Kumar SRCC. 

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Dr Anil Kumar
SRCC
Corporate Social 
Responsibility
(CSR)

[Audio] Why Social Responsibility of Business Dependence of business on society (Law of Responsibility) Achievement of Long-term Objectives Change in public expectations Concept of corporate citizenship Fear of loss of goodwill and reputation Pressure from different groups. 

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Why Social Responsibility of Business
• Dependence of business on society (Law of 
Responsibility)
• Achievement of Long-term Objectives
• Change in public expectations
• Concept of corporate citizenship
• Fear of loss of goodwill and reputation 
• Pressure from different groups

[Audio] Conceptualising CSR. Conceptualising CSR. 

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[Audio] What is CSR? The voluntary actions that business can take, over and above compliance with minimum legal requirements, to address both is own competitive interests and the interests of wider society. An organisation's obligation to maximise its positive impact and minimise its negative impact on society.. 

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What is CSR?
• The voluntary actions that business can take, 
over and above compliance with minimum 
legal requirements, to address both is own 
competitive interests and the interests of 
wider society.
• An organisation’s obligation to maximise its 
positive impact and minimise its negative 
impact on society.

[Audio] Definition of CSR Philip Kotler and Nancy Lee define CSR as "a commitment to improve community well-being through discretionary business practices and contributions of corporate resources" Harvard's Kennedy School of Business defines CSR as "CSR encompasses not only what companies do with their profits, but also how they make them. It goes beyond philanthropy and compliance and addresses how companies manage their economic, social, and environmental impacts, as well as their relationships in all key spheres of influence: the workplace, the marketplace, the supply chain, the community, and the public policy realm.". 

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Definition of CSR
• Philip Kotler and Nancy Lee define CSR as “a 
commitment to improve community well-being 
through discretionary business practices and 
contributions of corporate resources”
• Harvard’s Kennedy School of Business defines CSR as 
“CSR encompasses not only what companies do with 
their profits, but also how they make them.  It goes 
beyond philanthropy and compliance and addresses 
how companies manage their economic, social, and 
environmental impacts, as well as their relationships in 
all key spheres of influence: the workplace, the 
marketplace, the supply chain, the community, and the 
public policy realm.”

[Audio] Definitions…… World Business Council for Sustainable Development "CSR is the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large." Archie Carroll in 1991 describes "CSR as a multilayered concept that can be differentiated into four interrelated aspects – economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic responsibilities.". 

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Definitions……
• World Business Council for Sustainable 
Development “CSR is the continuing commitment 
by business to behave ethically and contribute to 
economic development while improving the 
quality of life of the workforce and their families 
as well as of the local community and society at 
large.”
• Archie Carroll in 1991 describes “CSR as a multi-
layered concept that can be differentiated into 
four interrelated aspects – economic, legal, 
ethical and philanthropic responsibilities.”

[Audio] Corporate Philanthropy The act of corporations donating some of their profits or resources to charitable causes Cash donations or In-kind donations. 

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Corporate Philanthropy
• The act of corporations donating some of their 
profits or resources to charitable causes
Cash donations or In-kind donations

[Audio] Corporate Philanthropy V/S Corporate Social Responsibility It was the most common strategy Both help define a company's reputation and image Philanthropy has a narrower limited scope and is a part of the CSR. Corporate social responsibility, on the other hand, has a much broader scope. It not only deals with corporate philanthropy but also other issues that affect the environment, consumers, human rights, supplychain sustainability and transparency for the benefit of the society at large. Corporate philanthropy may impact only a small group of people.. 

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Corporate Philanthropy V/S Corporate Social 
Responsibility
• It was the most common strategy 
•
Both help define a company's reputation and image 
• Philanthropy has a narrower limited scope and is a part 
of the CSR. Corporate social responsibility, on the other 
hand, has a much broader scope. It not only deals with 
corporate philanthropy but also other issues that affect 
the environment, consumers, human rights, supply-
chain sustainability and transparency for the benefit of  
the society at large.
• Corporate philanthropy may impact only a small group 
of people.

[Audio] Philanthropy is doing Good to others CSR wider perspective, focus on 3 Ps – Profits, People and Planet. Philanthropy focus on charitable activities, human causes CSR focus on long-term sustainability. Philanthropy on short-term viability CSR meeting the expectation of stakeholders. Philanthropy efforts are voluntary in nature.. 

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Philanthropy is doing Good to others
• CSR wider perspective, focus on 3 Ps – Profits, 
People and Planet. Philanthropy focus on 
charitable activities, human causes
• CSR focus on long-term sustainability. 
Philanthropy on short-term viability
• CSR meeting the expectation of stakeholders. 
Philanthropy efforts are voluntary in nature.

[Audio] Corporate Sustainability a business approach that creates long term value for the company by incorporating economic, environmental and social dimensions into its core business decisions to reduce the negative effects they have on people, the environment, and on the economies where they operate. is to ensure the longevity of company by incorporating economic, social and environmental aspects into corporate values, governance, policy formulation, operations and reporting.. 

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Corporate Sustainability
• a business approach that creates long term value for 
the company by incorporating economic, 
environmental and social dimensions into its core 
business decisions
• to reduce the negative effects they have on people, the 
environment, and on the economies where they 
operate.
• is to ensure the longevity of company by incorporating 
economic, social and environmental aspects into 
corporate values, governance, policy formulation, 
operations and reporting.

[Audio] Corporate Sustainability The Brundtland report in 1987 defined CS as "development that fulfills the needs of the present without limiting the potential for meeting the needs of future generations". Development that seeks to be continuous Now it includes social and economic components as well A corporate behaviour or action can be socially responsible without any connection with sustainability (CSR is culture driven and socially constructed). 

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Corporate Sustainability
The Brundtland report in 1987 defined CS 
as "development that fulfills the needs of the present 
without limiting the potential for meeting the needs of 
future generations". 
Development that seeks to be continuous
Now it includes social and economic components as well
A corporate behaviour or action can be socially 
responsible without any connection with sustainability 
(CSR is culture driven and socially constructed)

[Audio] CSR and Sustainability CSR defines the social responsibilities of a corporation which, if implemented, will lead to the corporation being sustained. CSR may be considered as a tool and way of doing business towards sustainable development.
CSR (Tool) Sustainable Development (Goal). 

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CSR and Sustainability
CSR defines the social responsibilities of a 
corporation which, if implemented, will lead to 
the corporation being sustained. CSR may be 
considered as a tool and way of doing business 
towards sustainable development.
CSR (Tool)                 Sustainable Development
(Goal)

[Audio] Pillars of Corporate Sustainability Economic Sustainability Social Sustainability Environmental Sustainability Three pillars of corporate sustainability are commonly referred to as 'the triple bottom line' (TBL) and these are interlinked.. 

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Pillars of Corporate Sustainability 
• Economic Sustainability
• Social Sustainability
• Environmental Sustainability
Three pillars of corporate sustainability are 
commonly referred to as ‘the triple bottom line’ 
(TBL) and these are interlinked.

[Audio] CSR and Ethics Ethics- moral principles & standards guide a business behaviour CSR- Obligation to max positive impact and min negative impact on society CSR multidimensional – Eco, Legal, Ethical and Philanthropic (desired of business by society, contribution to community development) Ethical responsibilities behaviour or conduct expected by society, not codified by law. 

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CSR and Ethics
• Ethics- moral principles & standards guide a 
business behaviour
• CSR- Obligation to max positive impact and 
min negative impact on society
• CSR multidimensional – Eco, Legal, Ethical and 
Philanthropic (desired of business by society, 
contribution to community development)
• Ethical responsibilities behaviour or conduct 
expected by society, not codified by law

[Audio] CSR and Ethics…… Ethics-operating a co on principles of integrity, respect, transparency, fair treatment What is right, norms and values Cannot be imposed Developed over time & internalised Less tangible; not reported CSR more concerned with meeting the aspirations of key stakeholders Expression & application of values CSR (Doing ethical things); Ethics (Doing things ethically). 

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CSR and Ethics……
• Ethics-operating a co on principles of integrity, respect, 
transparency, fair treatment
What is right, norms and values
Cannot be imposed
Developed over time & internalised
Less tangible; not reported
•
CSR more concerned with meeting the aspirations of 
key stakeholders
Expression & application of values 
CSR (Doing ethical things); Ethics (Doing things ethically)

[Audio] Relationship between CG and CSR Good governance is primarily about values rather than rules. CSR is an external expression of those values. Corporate Governance as a Pillar of CSR Effective CG system, Board of Directors CSR as a Dimension of Corporate Governance complying essential norms of society, responsibility and relationship CSR and CG are Complementary and Mutually Reinforcing unlawful conduct, undesirable activities, CSR what to do, CG how to do. 

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Relationship between CG and CSR 
Good governance is primarily about values rather 
than rules. CSR is an external expression of those 
values. 
Corporate Governance as a Pillar of CSR Effective CG 
system, Board of Directors
CSR as a Dimension of Corporate Governance
complying  essential norms of  society, responsibility and relationship
CSR and CG are Complementary and Mutually 
Reinforcing unlawful conduct, undesirable activities, CSR what to 
do, CG how to do

[Audio] CSR and Corporate Governance Corporate governance is concerned with holding the balance between economic and social goals and between individual and communal goals. The governance framework is there to encourage the efficient use of resources and equally to require accountability for the stewardship of those resources. The aim is to align as nearly as possible the interests of individuals, corporations and society……Cadbury Committee. 

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CSR and Corporate Governance
Corporate governance is concerned with holding 
the balance between economic and social goals 
and between individual and communal goals. 
The governance framework is there to 
encourage the efficient use of resources and 
equally to require accountability for the 
stewardship of those resources. The aim is to 
align as nearly as possible the interests of 
individuals, corporations and society……Cadbury 
Committee

[Audio] Why CSR? Help attract and retain members. Enhance innovation in the sector Build positive government and NGO relations. Fulfill association goals. Build industry reputation and brand. Enhance employee recruitment and retention.. 

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Why CSR?
• Help attract and retain members.
• Enhance innovation in the sector
• Build positive government and NGO relations.
• Fulfill association goals.
• Build industry reputation and brand.
• Enhance employee recruitment and retention.

[Audio] Why not CSR? May take management focus away from core business activity. May appear cosmetic – without genuine social benefit. Restricts the free market goal of profit maximization (Dilution of Profit Maximisation) Taxation arguments Business is not equipped to handle social activities. Limits the ability to compete in a global marketplace.. 

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Why not CSR?
• May take management focus away from core business 
activity.
• May appear cosmetic – without genuine social benefit.
• Restricts the free market goal of profit maximization 
(Dilution of Profit Maximisation)
• Taxation arguments
• Business is not equipped to handle social activities.
• Limits the ability to compete in a global marketplace.

[Audio] Carroll's Model of CSR CSR as a multi-layered four inter-related aspects "corporate social responsibility involves the conduct of a business so that it is economically profitable, law abiding, ethical and socially supportive. To be socially responsible then means that profitability and obedience to the law are foremost conditions when discussing the firm's ethics and the extent to which it supports the society in which it exists with contributions of money, time and talent" CSR encompasses the economic, legal, ethical and discretionary (philanthropic) expectations that society has of organizations at a given point in time. 

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Carroll’s Model of CSR
•
CSR as a multi-layered four inter-related aspects
•
“corporate social responsibility involves 
the conduct of a business so that it is economically profitable, law 
abiding, ethical and socially supportive. To be socially responsible 
then means that profitability and obedience to the law are foremost 
conditions when discussing the firm’s ethics and the extent to which it 
supports the society in which it exists with contributions of money, 
time and talent” 
•
CSR encompasses the economic, legal, ethical and discretionary 
(philanthropic) expectations that society has of organizations at a 
given point in time

[Audio] Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
Understanding the Four Components Responsibility Societal Examples Expectation Economic Required Be profitable. Maximize sales, minimize costs, etc.
Legal Required Obey laws and regulations.
Ethical Expected Do what is right, fair and just.
Be a good corporate citizen.
Discretionary (Philanthropic)
Desired/
Expected. 

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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
Understanding the Four Components
Responsibility
Societal 
Expectation
Examples
Economic
Required
Be profitable.  Maximize sales, 
minimize costs, etc.
Legal
Required
Obey laws and regulations.
Ethical
Expected
Do what is right, fair and just.
Discretionary
(Philanthropic)
Desired/
Expected
Be a good corporate citizen.

[Audio] Carroll's CSR Pyramid. Carroll’s CSR Pyramid. 

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[Audio] Stakeholders Model Developed by Edward Freeman Corporations are operated/ought to be operated for the benefits of those who have a stake in the enterprise Stakeholders are vital to the survival and success of the corporation Shareholders; Employees; Customers; Suppliers; Government; Society. 

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Stakeholders Model
•Developed by Edward Freeman 
•Corporations are operated/ought to be 
operated for the benefits of those who have a 
stake in the enterprise
•Stakeholders are vital to the survival and 
success of the corporation
Shareholders; Employees; Customers; 
Suppliers; Government; Society

[Audio] Limitations of Stakeholders Model Not necessarily leads to Long-term Profitability Other Groups are the constraints on corporate activities- means of achieving profits Cannot be guide to action- conflicts, nonalignment Against the Principle of accountability. 

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Limitations of Stakeholders Model
•Not necessarily leads to Long-term Profitability
•Other Groups are the constraints on corporate 
activities- means of achieving profits
•Cannot be guide to action- conflicts, non-
alignment
•Against the Principle of accountability

[Audio] CSR in India ❑ Every company having net worth of Rs 500 crore or more, or turnover of Rs 1000 crore or more or a net profit of Rs 5 crore or more during any previous financial year shall constitute a Corporate Social Responsibility Committee of the Board consisting of three or more directors, out of which at least one director shall be an independent director. ❑ formulate and recommend to the Board, a Corporate Social Responsibility Policy which shall indicate the activities to be undertaken by the company; and monitor the Corporate Social Responsibility Policy of the company from time to time.. 

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CSR in India
❑ Every company having net worth of Rs 500 crore or 
more, or turnover of Rs 1000 crore or more or a net profit of 
Rs 5 crore or more during any  previous financial year shall 
constitute a Corporate Social Responsibility Committee of 
the Board consisting of three or more directors, out of which 
at least one director shall be an independent director. 
❑
formulate and recommend to the Board, a Corporate 
Social Responsibility Policy which shall indicate the activities 
to be undertaken by the company; and
monitor the Corporate Social Responsibility Policy of the 
company from time to time.

[Audio] CSR Spending at least 2 per cent of the average net profits of the company made during the three immediately preceding financial years, in pursuance of its Corporate Social Responsibility Policy; if the company fails to spend such amount, the Board shall, in its report specify the reasons for not spending the amount.. 

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CSR Spending
at least 2 per cent of the average net profits of the 
company made during the three immediately 
preceding financial years, in pursuance of its 
Corporate Social Responsibility Policy; 
if the company fails to spend such amount, the 
Board shall, in its report specify the reasons for not 
spending the amount.

[Audio] CSR Activities eradicating extreme hunger and poverty promotion of education; promoting gender equality and empowering women; reducing child mortality and improving maternal health; combating human immunodeficiency virus, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, malaria and other diseases; ensuring environmental sustainability; employment enhancing vocational skills; social business projects; contribution to the Prime Minister's National Relief Fund or any other funds.
Preference to the local area and area around it where it operates for spending the amounts earmarked for CSR activities. Through trusts, societies or non-profit companies set up by them or through outside not-for-profit organizations or may also collaborate or pool resources with other companies.. 

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CSR Activities
•eradicating extreme hunger and poverty
•promotion of education;
•promoting gender equality and empowering women;
•reducing child mortality and improving maternal health;
•combating human immunodeficiency virus, acquired immune deficiency 
syndrome, malaria and other diseases;
•ensuring environmental sustainability;
•employment enhancing vocational skills;
•social business projects;
•contribution to the Prime Minister's National Relief Fund or any other funds.
Preference to the local area and area around it where it operates for spending 
the amounts earmarked for CSR activities.  
Through trusts, societies or non-profit companies set up by them or through 
outside not-for-profit organizations or may also collaborate or pool resources 
with other companies.

C S R

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Corporate Social  Responsibility (C-S-R--)
Dr Anil Kumar S-R-C-C

avatar

Why Social Responsibility of Business 
 Dependence of business on society (Law of  Responsibility)

 Achievement of Long-term Objectives 
 Change in public expectations 
 Concept of corporate citizenship 
 Fear of loss of goodwill and reputation  
 Pressure from different groups

What is CSR?

 The voluntary actions that business can take
  over and above compliance with minimum  legal requirements
 to address both is own  competitive interests and the interests of  wider society.

 An organisation's obligation to maximise its  positive impact and minimise its negative  impact on society.

Definition of C-S-R

 Philip Kotler and Nancy Lee define C-S-R as "a  commitment to improve community well-being  through discretionary business practices and  contributions of corporate resources"

 Harvard's Kennedy School of Business defines C-S-R as  "CSR encompasses not only what companies do with  their profits
 but also how they make them.  It goes  beyond philanthropy and compliance and addresses  how companies manage their economic
 social
 and  environmental impacts
 as well as their relationships in  all key spheres of influence: the workplace
 the  marketplace
 the supply chain
 the community
 and the  public policy realm."

Definitions……

 World Business Council for Sustainable  Development "CSR is the continuing commitment  by business to behave ethically and contribute to  economic development while improving the  quality of life of the workforce and their families  as well as of the local community and society at  large."

 Archie Carroll in 1991 describes "CSR as a multilayered concept that can be differentiated into  four interrelated aspects – economic
 legal
  ethical and philanthropic responsibilities."

Corporate Philanthropy 
 The act of corporations donating some of their  profits or resources to charitable causes Cash donations or In-kind donations

Corporate Philanthropy V/S Corporate Social  Responsibility 
 It was the most common strategy  

Both help define a company's reputation and image  
 Philanthropy has a narrower limited scope and is a part  of the C-S-R--. Corporate social responsibility
 on the other  hand
 has a much broader scope. It not only deals with  corporate philanthropy but also other issues that affect  the environment
 consumers
 human rights
 supplychain sustainability and transparency for the benefit of   the society at large.

 Corporate philanthropy may impact only a small group  of people.

Philanthropy is doing Good to others 
 CSR wider perspective
 focus on 3 Ps – Profits
  People and Planet. Philanthropy focus on  charitable activities
 human causes 
 CSR focus on long-term sustainability.  Philanthropy on short-term viability 
 CSR meeting the expectation of stakeholders.  Philanthropy efforts are voluntary in nature.

Corporate Sustainability 
 a business approach that creates long term value for  the company by incorporating economic
  environmental and social dimensions into its core  business decisions 
 to reduce the negative effects they have on people
 the  environment
 and on the economies where they  operate.

 is to ensure the longevity of company by incorporating  economic
 social and environmental aspects into  corporate values
 governance
 policy formulation
  operations and reporting.

Corporate Sustainability The Brundtland report in 1987 defined CS  as "development that fulfills the needs of the present  without limiting the potential for meeting the needs of  future generations".  Development that seeks to be continuous Now it includes social and economic components as well A corporate behaviour or action can be socially  responsible without any connection with sustainability  (CSR is culture driven and socially constructed)

C-S-R and Sustainability C-S-R defines the social responsibilities of a  corporation which
 if implemented
 will lead to  the corporation being sustained. C-S-R may be  considered as a tool and way of doing business  towards sustainable development.
C-S-R (Tool)                 Sustainable Development (Goal)

Pillars of Corporate Sustainability  
 Economic Sustainability 
 Social Sustainability 
 Environmental Sustainability Three pillars of corporate sustainability are  commonly referred to as 'the triple bottom line'  (T-B-L--) and these are interlinked.

C-S-R and Ethics 
 Ethics moral principles & standards guide a  business behaviour 
 CSR Obligation to max positive impact and  min negative impact on society 
 CSR multidimensional – Eco
 Legal
 Ethical and  Philanthropic (desired of business by society
  contribution to community development)

 Ethical responsibilities behaviour or conduct  expected by society
 not codified by law

C-S-R and Ethics……

 Ethics-operating a co on principles of integrity
 respect
  transparency
 fair treatment What is right
 norms and values Cannot be imposed Developed over time & internalised Less tangible; not reported 

C-S-R more concerned with meeting the aspirations of  key stakeholders Expression & application of values  C-S-R (Doing ethical things); Ethics (Doing things ethically)

Relationship between CG and C-S-R  Good governance is primarily about values rather  than rules. C-S-R is an external expression of those  values.  Corporate Governance as a Pillar of C-S-R Effective CG  system
 Board of Directors C-S-R as a Dimension of Corporate Governance complying  essential norms of  society
 responsibility and relationship C-S-R and CG are Complementary and Mutually  Reinforcing unlawful conduct
 undesirable activities
 CSR what to  do
 CG how to do

C-S-R and Corporate Governance Corporate governance is concerned with holding  the balance between economic and social goals  and between individual and communal goals.  The governance framework is there to  encourage the efficient use of resources and  equally to require accountability for the  stewardship of those resources. The aim is to  align as nearly as possible the interests of  individuals
 corporations and society……Cadbury  Committee

Why CSR?

 Help attract and retain members.

 Enhance innovation in the sector 
 Build positive government and N-G-O relations.

 Fulfill association goals.

 Build industry reputation and brand.

 Enhance employee recruitment and retention.

Why not CSR?

 May take management focus away from core business  activity.

 May appear cosmetic – without genuine social benefit.

 Restricts the free market goal of profit maximization  (Dilution of Profit Maximisation)

 Taxation arguments 
 Business is not equipped to handle social activities.

 Limits the ability to compete in a global marketplace.

Carroll's Model of C-S-R


C-S-R as a multi-layered four inter-related aspects 

"corporate social responsibility involves  the conduct of a business so that it is economically profitable
 law  abiding
 ethical and socially supportive. To be socially responsible  then means that profitability and obedience to the law are foremost  conditions when discussing the firm's ethics and the extent to which it  supports the society in which it exists with contributions of money
  time and talent"  

C-S-R encompasses the economic
 legal
 ethical and discretionary  (philanthropic) expectations that society has of organizations at a  given point in time

Corporate Social Responsibility (C-S-R--)
Understanding the Four Components Responsibility Societal  Examples Expectation Economic Required Be profitable.  Maximize sales
  minimize costs
 et cetera
Legal Required Obey laws and regulations.
Ethical Expected Do what is right
 fair and just.
Be a good corporate citizen.
Discretionary (Philanthropic)
Desired/
Expected

Stakeholders Model 
Developed by Edward Freeman  
Corporations are operated/ought to be  operated for the benefits of those who have a  stake in the enterprise 
Stakeholders are vital to the survival and  success of the corporation Shareholders; Employees; Customers;  Suppliers; Government; Society

Limitations of Stakeholders Model 
Not necessarily leads to Long-term Profitability 
Other Groups are the constraints on corporate  activities means of achieving profits 
Cannot be guide to action conflicts
 nonalignment 
Against the Principle of accountability

C-S-R in India ❑ Every company having net worth of Rs 500 crore or  more
 or turnover of Rs 1000 crore or more or a net profit of  Rs 5 crore or more during any  previous financial year shall  constitute a Corporate Social Responsibility Committee of  the Board consisting of three or more directors
 out of which  at least one director shall be an independent director.  ❑ formulate and recommend to the Board
 a Corporate  Social Responsibility Policy which shall indicate the activities  to be undertaken by the company; and monitor the Corporate Social Responsibility Policy of the  company from time to time.

C-S-R Spending at least 2 per cent of the average net profits of the  company made during the three immediately  preceding financial years
 in pursuance of its  Corporate Social Responsibility Policy;  if the company fails to spend such amount
 the  Board shall
 in its report specify the reasons for not  spending the amount.

C-S-R Activities 
eradicating extreme hunger and poverty 
promotion of education;

promoting gender equality and empowering women;

reducing child mortality and improving maternal health;

combating human immunodeficiency virus
 acquired immune deficiency  syndrome
 malaria and other diseases;

ensuring environmental sustainability;

employment enhancing vocational skills;

social business projects;

contribution to the Prime Minister's National Relief Fund or any other funds.
Preference to the local area and area around it where it operates for spending  the amounts earmarked for C-S-R activities.   Through trusts
 societies or non-profit companies set up by them or through  outside not-for-profit organizations or may also collaborate or pool resources  with other companies.