CS625 Professional Practices Final Term (Week 9-16)

[Virtual Presenter] We are excited to present on the mechanisms of legal liability for hazardous activities and their application in various industries such as manufacturing medicine transportation and military and defense applications. We will explore areas of legal liability and mechanisms for regulating potentially hazardous activities as well as the factors which should be taken into account for safety related applications. Computer-controlled systems are to be found in a wide range of diverse applications such as manufacturing systems robots intensive care monitoring radiotherapy railway signaling systems aircraft space shuttle and more. Regulatory issues such as standards certification and licensing professional codes of practice and regulation by law are all important considerations in ensuring the safety of these systems. Standards play a vital role in regulating hazardous activities and attempting to ensure the safety of a product. Certification requires that either the product or the practitioner conforms to some specified standard. Licensing means that the product cannot go on the market at all or the practitioner operate unless the product is licensed or the practitioner in possession of the requisite license. Professional and trade associations should devise codes of practice to govern their members. The law may exert a regulatory effect either directly or by requiring compliance with other forms of regulation such as standards and licensing because of fears of litigation if safety standards are breached. In conclusion it is important to take legal liability and regulatory issues into account when developing and implementing computer-controlled systems in various industries. We hope that this presentation has provided you with a better understanding of the mechanisms of legal liability for hazardous activities and their application..

[Audio] We will explore the mechanisms of legal liability for hazardous activities and their application in various industries. Product liability is an area of law in which manufacturers distributors suppliers and retailers are held responsible for any injuries that products cause. If a product or any of its component parts are defective its manufacturer may be liable for damage under the Consumer Protection Act (C-P-A--) or the common law of negligence. This means that if a product defect causes harm to a person the manufacturer or system designer may be held responsible for that harm. Factors such as hazard analysis requirements and specification system reliability and safety design testing and debugging safety integrity analysis and risk assessment and documentation are important factors affecting system safety. Legal liability for hazardous activities is a complex area of law that requires careful consideration by system designers and software engineers. By understanding the mechanisms of legal liability and the factors affecting system safety we can better protect ourselves and those around us from harm..

[Audio] We'll explore legal liability mechanisms for hazardous activities in various industries including manufacturing medicine transportation and military and defense applications..

[Audio] Computer fraud is a type of cybercrime that involves manipulating a computer or the internet to dishonestly acquire money property or other valuable advantages or to cause harm. It can occur in various forms including input frauds output frauds and program frauds. Input frauds involve intentionally inputting false or modified data into the computer output frauds involve stealing or abusing system output and program frauds involve altering a computer program dishonestly. Additionally unauthorized access to a computer is another form of misuse which can be divided into three subcategories: computer hacking eavesdropping and using a computer for personal gain without authorization. Computer hacking involves accessing a computer without authorization to steal information or manipulate data for diverse purposes eavesdropping involves listening or spying secretly and using a computer for personal gain without authorization involves misusing the computer's authorized information for personal benefits..

[Audio] We will explore legal liabilities for hazardous activities in various industries including manufacturing medicine transportation and military and defense applications..

[Audio] Rapidly advancing technology the global nature of data processing and the variety of possible regulatory approaches add to the challenges of regulating data processing. Despite the differences in legal traditions of different countries international agreements and national legislation have resulted in a convergence of rules designed to ensure good data management. We will discuss the protection of reputation in the context of data processing. Even without the cover of anonymity the various methods available for the dissemination of information on computer networks provide fertile ground for the propagation of information about others. However most jurisdictions provide some form of remedy for injury to a person's integrity or reputation such as defamation actions against newspapers and other sections of the media..

[Audio] Week's Question: What is the schedule for the next meeting?.

[Audio] We will discuss the mechanisms of legal liability for hazardous activities and their application in various industries. Our focus will be on website hacking and the different techniques used by hackers..

[Audio] If you are a victim of email hacking the first step is to shut down or turn off the system to prevent the hacker from accessing any additional information. Then separate the system from the network to prevent the hacker from spreading the attack to other systems. Next restore the system with a backup or reinstall all programs to ensure that the system is secure and free of any malware. It is important to contact the police if you suspect that your email account has been hacked. The police can investigate the incident and help you to recover any stolen information. Hackers use scanners Telnet and F-T-P to gain unauthorized access to email systems. It is important to be aware of these tools and to take steps to protect yourself from email hacking. Best practices for email security include using strong passwords and regularly backing up your data. By following these practices you can reduce the risk of becoming a victim of email hacking..

[Audio] We’ll discuss the role of computer security ethics and ethical hackers in various industries..

[Audio] The Hackers Code of Conduct which are principles that guide the behavior of hackers. These principles were first outlined in Steven Levy’s “Hackers: Heroes of Computer Revolution” in 1984 and include the idea that access to computers should be unlimited and total and that hackers should be judged by their hacking rather than by authority. In the 1990s a new code of ethics was developed by Steven Mizrach which expanded upon the original Hackers Code of Conduct to include principles such as protecting privacy and leaving no traces. This code of ethics was later adopted by Certified Ethical Hackers (C-E-H--) a professional certification program developed by the International Council of Electronic Commerce Consultants (EC-Council). C-E-H is based on 21 domains (subject areas) and is designed to teach hackers how to use their skills for good rather than for malicious purposes. The program includes both theoretical and practical components and includes topics such as web application hacking network forensics and penetration testing. The C-E-H program also includes a red team which is composed of people with varied skills who conduct penetration tests to identify vulnerabilities in computer systems. These tests are designed to help organizations improve their security and protect their data from cyber threats. The Hackers Code of Conduct and the new code of ethics developed by Steven Mizrach have had a significant impact on the way that hackers think and behave. The principles outlined in these codes have helped to ensure that hackers use their skills for good and have helped to protect computer systems and data from cyber threats..

[Audio] In Week X. (WEEK # 13) Information Security Practices: Introduction:  Information security, sometimes shortened to InfoSec, is the practice of defending information from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, inspection, recording or destruction. It is a general term that can be used regardless of the form the data may take (e.g. electronic, physical) The CIA: Information Security Principles:  The CIA principle  Confidentiality  Integrity  Availability Confidentiality: Confidentiality means that data, objects and resources are protected from unauthorized viewing and other access. Integrity: Integrity means that data is protected from unauthorized changes to ensure that is reliable and correct. Availability: Availability means that unauthorized users have access to the systems and the resources they need..

[Audio] Organizational structure and information classification for information security will be the focus of our discussion. We will explore government and private sector classifications as well as the criteria used to determine information security classification..

[Audio] Our presentation will focus on legal liability for hazardous activities. We will delve into the process of risk management specifically identifying evaluating and mitigating risks to organizations. Organizations must first identify potential risks through risk evaluation. This involves assessing the potential consequences of different risks and determining their likelihood of occurring. Once risks have been identified organizations must assess them to determine the best course of action to mitigate them. Risk control strategies are used to mitigate risks. These can include preventive measures such as implementing safety protocols as well as reactive measures such as conducting risk assessments and implementing corrective actions. In conclusion effective risk management is essential to ensure the safety and well-being of employees and the organization as a whole..

[Audio] The text should be rewritten and the welcome sentences should be removed. The revised text should discuss the legal liability associated with hazardous activities in various industries such as manufacturing medicine transportation and military and defense applications. It should then delve into risk identification risk assessment and risk control strategies. To properly identify and assess risks it is crucial to consider the assets threats and threat-sources. Assets are the resources that are at risk of harm such as buildings equipment or personnel. Threats are the potential sources of harm such as natural disasters or human error. Threat-sources can be man-made or natural and it is essential to consider both in order to fully understand the risks involved. Weaknesses in the system can lead to vulnerabilities that can be exploited by a threat and it is essential to identify and address these weaknesses to reduce the potential impact of a threat. Controls can be used to mitigate the risks associated with a threat and there are three general categories of controls that can be utilized: policies programs and technical controls. Policies are written guidelines and procedures that are designed to prevent harm. Programs are ongoing efforts to reduce the risk of harm. Technical controls are physical or technological measures that are designed to prevent harm. Effective risk control strategies can be created by identifying possible controls for each threat and its associated vulnerabilities that have residual risk which can include a preliminary list of control ideas. By properly identifying and assessing risks and implementing effective risk control strategies industries can reduce the potential impact of hazardous activities and mitigate legal liability..

[Audio] Exploring the mechanisms of legal liability for hazardous activities in various industries. The duty of care is an important aspect of legal liability for hazardous activities which means that the person or organization responsible for the activity has a legal obligation to take all necessary steps to prevent harm to others. Examples of hazardous activities include manufacturing transportation and medical procedures. In the manufacturing industry companies must ensure that their products are safe for use. In the transportation industry companies must ensure that their vehicles are properly maintained and that their drivers are properly trained. In the medical industry companies must adhere to strict regulations to ensure the safety of their patients. We will now look at some examples of legal liability for hazardous activities in each of these industries..

[Audio] This section will examine the positive and negative aspects of social networking. On the positive side social networking enables individuals to connect with others worldwide share information and collaborate on projects. Additionally it provides a platform for people to express themselves and share their opinions. However social networking has its drawbacks such as fraud and phishing scams and spreading harmful or misleading information. It is crucial to be aware of these downsides and take measures to safeguard yourself and your information on social networking sites. The following section will discuss some of the best practices for protecting yourself on social networking sites..

[Audio] Examine the legal liabilities that arise from hazardous activities across various sectors. Protect the confidentiality of sensitive information exercise caution when answering security questions exercise caution when clicking on links assess privacy settings secure profile information establish boundaries for children be aware of age limits and risks on social networking sites and take proactive measures to safeguard personal information and the information of your children. By implementing these measures and leveraging strong security protocols you can help maintain the security and protection of your personal information..

[Audio] We will now explore the moral social and ethical issues associated with the internet. One of the moral issues is plagiarism sending spam and using someone's wireless internet connection without permission which can waste time raise privacy concerns and be considered unethical. Another ethical issue is the use of photo editing software to distort reality which can lead to the spread of false information and be used for nefarious purposes. Despite these issues the internet has many advantages such as allowing people to communicate and connect with others from anywhere in the world and providing access to a wealth of information and resources. The ownership of the internet is a contentious issue as it is a public resource that is controlled by powerful organizations and corporations raising questions about who has the right to control and regulate it..

[Audio] 1. Offensive illegal or unethical material online poses a threat to privacy and security. 2. The unregulated nature of the internet has led to the proliferation of gambling addiction obesity and computer game addiction which widen the gap between the haves and have nots. 3. Organizations are taking advantage of the internet to move call centers abroad and the growth of e-commerce may mean shops have to close leaving some city centers looking desolate. 4. In many countries that are not democratic the internet is used to control what their people can and cannot view. 5. There are laws in place that cover the production and distribution of this material. 6. However it may be legal in other countries making it difficult to stop. 7. There is specialized software that can filter out this material but it is not always foolproof. 8. It is important to remember that the internet has both positive and negative effects and it is up to individuals to use it responsibly..

[Audio] We have completed the presentation on hazardous activities and their legal liability mechanisms. We hope that the information provided has been helpful and informative to you. Please do not hesitate to ask questions about any topics that you may be interested in..