Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment of Fisheries and Coastal Communities in Murcielagos Bay

[Virtual Presenter] Today, I am delighted to present our research on the vulnerability of small-scale fishers in Murcielagos Bay to the impacts of climate change. This topic holds great significance as Murcielagos Bay is a crucial fishing ground in Northern Mindanao, and the livelihoods of many communities rely on it. Our study, entitled 'Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment of Fisheries and Coastal Communities in Murcielagos Bay', was a collaborative effort between myself and colleagues MAHAL B. ROSEL and Wilmera Elvina, carried out under the Jose Rizal Memorial State University Graduate School. The aim of our study is to evaluate the current risks and capacities of small-scale fishers in Murcielagos Bay in light of climate change. By comprehending their vulnerabilities, we can develop evidence-based strategies to address the present risks and improve the resilience of these communities. These recommendations will also be tailored to the local context, taking into consideration the unique needs and resources of the communities in Murcielagos Bay. As we delve into this subject, I urge you to keep an open mind and actively listen and learn from this presentation. We hope that our research will shed light on the crucial issue of climate change and its impact on the lives of small-scale fishers in Murcielagos Bay. Thank you for joining us for this presentation, and we hope you will find it informative and thought-provoking. Let's begin..

[Audio] This training video will discuss the vulnerability of small-scale fishers in Murcielagos Bay to climate change. Murcielagos Bay, located in the provinces of Zamboanga del Norte and Misamis Occidental, is known for its abundant fishing grounds that provide a source of livelihood for thousands of families. However, the communities in this area have been facing challenges due to the effects of climate change such as more frequent and stronger storms, unpredictable seasonal patterns, and saltwater intrusion. These challenges not only impact the environment, but also have a direct effect on food security, household incomes, and the local economy. This study aims to assess the vulnerability of small-scale fishers in Murcielagos Bay and implement effective interventions by utilizing scientific and locally relevant strategies. We hope you will continue to learn more about the vulnerabilities and solutions in Murcielagos Bay in the following slides..

[Audio] Our discussion on the vulnerability of small-scale fishers in Murcielagos Bay will be guided by a crucial tool - the Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment, or CRVA. This assessment provides a structured way to understand the direct impacts of climate change on both communities and the ecosystems. By conducting this assessment in Murcielagos Bay, we can identify the most vulnerable fishing communities and the specific drivers of their vulnerability. This is important as it provides solid data for local government units and national agencies to develop effective adaptation strategies. Our study also aligns with national laws such as the Climate Change Act and the Fisheries Code, as well as global commitments including SDG 13 on Climate Action and SDG 14 on Life Below Water. Our work is also in line with the FishCoRe Project of the Department of Agriculture's National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI), which promotes science-based resilience assessments in fisheries management areas. It is essential that we understand the importance of a Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment and its connection to key laws, global commitments, and the FishCoRe Project. These efforts will allow us to effectively assess the vulnerability of small-scale fishers in Murcielagos Bay and provide tailored strategies to address their current risks and capacities. Let's now proceed to the next slide for more information on the CRVA..

[Audio] We will now be discussing our approach to the vulnerability of small-scale fishers in Murcielagos Bay to climate change. Our approach is based on three frameworks: Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management (EAFM), Climate Risk and Vulnerability Framework, and Common-Pool Resource (CPR) Theory. EAFM emphasizes the connection between the health of marine ecosystems and the well-being of those who depend on them. The Climate Risk and Vulnerability Framework considers vulnerability as a combination of sensitivity, adaptive capacity, and exposure. Sensitivity measures how much a system is impacted by climate change, while adaptive capacity looks at the ability to cope with these changes. Exposure takes into account the level of contact with climate hazards. The Common-Pool Resource Theory reminds us that fisheries are shared resources and without proper governance and cooperation, overfishing and depletion are likely. By incorporating all three frameworks into our study, we aim to provide science-based strategies to address the risks and capacities of small-scale fishers in Murcielagos Bay. Let's move on to the next slide to learn more about the vulnerability assessment process..

[Audio] Today, we will be discussing the review of literature in the field of vulnerability assessment for small-scale fishers in Murcielagos Bay in relation to climate change. This area lacks sufficient vulnerability data and with the changing global climate, it is important to understand the potential impacts on our oceans and the species within them. These changes include shifts in ocean currents, shifts in species ranges, and disruptions in fish spawning and recruitment. The IPCC has recognized that small-scale fishers are among the most vulnerable groups to climate change due to their limited financial resources. In the Philippines, policymakers have acknowledged the importance of addressing climate risks in the fisheries sector and have implemented strategies such as co-management, harvest control rules, and stakeholder participation. However, even with these efforts, there is still a lack of detailed vulnerability data at the fisher level in Murcielagos Bay. This gap in data means that local policies may not fully address the specific needs and vulnerabilities of different fishing communities and gear types in this area. Our study aims to fill this gap by providing a comprehensive vulnerability profile for small-scale fishers in Murcielagos Bay. On the next slide, we will discuss the methodology used in our study..

[Audio] We are currently on slide 6 out of 17, which focuses on our general objective for this study. Our study aims to evaluate the vulnerability of small-scale fishers in Murcielagos Bay to climate change using the DA-NFRDI FishCoRe CRVA tool. This tool will aid us in achieving our general objective by assessing the overall climate risk vulnerability of these fishers in the bay. We have three specific objectives to achieve this. The first is to determine the sensitivity of fishers to climate impacts such as changing water temperature, salinity, and disease outbreaks, and how these impact their catch rates and fishing schedules. The second objective is to evaluate the adaptive capacity of these fishers, including factors such as alternative livelihoods, access to credit, and cooperative membership. This will give us insight into their ability to adapt to the changing climate and its impact on their fishing. Our third objective is to calculate and interpret the vulnerability scores of these fishers, broken down by gear type and municipality. This will help us identify the groups that require the most support. With these specific objectives, we aim to gain a comprehensive understanding of the vulnerability of small-scale fishers in Murcielagos Bay and provide science-based and locally relevant strategies to address their current risks and capacities. Let's move on to the next slide..

[Audio] To assess the vulnerability of small-scale fishers in Murcielagos Bay to climate change, our study employed a descriptive-analytical, cross-sectional survey design. We collected data at a single point in time, examining it from both qualitative and quantitative aspects. The four municipalities bordering Murcielagos Bay were chosen as our study areas: Sibutad, Rizal, Baliangao, and Sapang Dalaga. These areas were selected due to their high dependence on fisheries and exposure to climate hazards. Respondents were chosen through stratified random sampling from each of the four municipalities to ensure a representative sample. This allowed for a diverse representation of different fishing practices, based on the dominant fishing gear types used. Our methodology provides a comprehensive understanding of the current risks and capacities of small-scale fishers in Murcielagos Bay. This will assist us in developing science-based and locally relevant strategies to address these issues. Our goal is to make a significant contribution to the knowledge and understanding of the vulnerability of small-scale fishers to climate change in this region. Stay tuned for more information on our findings and recommendations..

[Audio] The training video on the vulnerability assessment of small-scale fishers in Murcielagos Bay to climate change focuses on the FishCoRe CRVA Questionnaire, specifically adapted for capture fisheries. The questionnaire assesses indicators such as changes in harvest, fish diseases, yield trends, and changes in water temperature and salinity to determine the impact of climate change on the fishers and their communities. The adaptive capacity of the fishers was also evaluated, including their dependence on fishing for income, access to credit facilities, cooperatives, and training, as well as the participation of vulnerable groups like women, indigenous peoples, PWDs, and senior citizens. The assessment provided science-based and locally relevant strategies to address the current risks and capacities of these communities. The next slide will continue the discussion..

[Audio] Let's begin by discussing the data collection process, which is a crucial step in ensuring the reliability of our findings. Our first step was to conduct enumerator training in order to standardize the administration of our questionnaire. This was necessary to ensure consistency and accuracy in the data we collected. The training also involved explaining technical terms to the respondents to ensure they fully understood the questions being asked. We then conducted a pre-testing of the questionnaire to refine it for clarity and cultural appropriateness. This was done to ensure that the questions were easily understood and culturally sensitive to the communities we were working with. The data collection itself was carried out through face-to-face interviews, which were scheduled to fit the availability of the fishers. This allowed for a more accurate representation of their experiences and perspectives. All responses were recorded manually and later entered into a digital database for analysis. This step was crucial in order to have organized and easily accessible data for our research. In addition to the survey, we also gathered qualitative data through Focus Group Discussions and Key Informant Interviews. This helped to supplement our survey findings and provided a deeper understanding of the experiences and perspectives of small-scale fishers in Murcielagos Bay. By following these steps, we were able to gather reliable and comprehensive data to assess the vulnerability of small-scale fishers to climate change in Murcielagos Bay. Now, let's move on to the next step of analyzing this data and finding science-based and locally relevant strategies to address the current risks and capacities of these communities..

[Audio] Slide 10 will cover the important aspect of data analysis in our study. Each indicator was scored on a scale of 1 to 5, based on its severity or adequacy. This was then normalized to a range of 0 to 1. From this, we calculated the Sensitivity Index and the Adaptive Capacity Index, which are crucial for assessing the vulnerability of small-scale fishers in Murcielagos Bay to climate change. The overall Vulnerability Index was calculated using the formula VI = SI + Exposure - ACI, providing a comprehensive and scientific understanding of the current risks and capacities of these communities. Comparing the vulnerability indices across different municipalities and gear types can reveal any differences or patterns and help identify at-risk fishers. Our study aims to not only highlight the vulnerability of small-scale fishers, but also provide science-based and locally relevant strategies for addressing these risks. On the next slide, we will discuss some of the strategies we have identified..

[Audio] In this presentation, we will discuss the vulnerability of small-scale fishers in Murcielagos Bay to climate change. Our study aims to provide science-based and locally relevant strategies to address the current risks and capacities of these communities. Our project will produce four main outputs: detailed vulnerability profiles for small-scale fishers, an adaptation and management recommendation matrix, policy briefs for integration into local fisheries management and disaster risk reduction plans, and a final technical report. These outputs will not only provide a comprehensive understanding of the vulnerabilities faced by small-scale fishers, but also offer tailored interventions and serve as valuable resources for future research and studies. Let's now move on to slide number 11..

[Audio] To effectively study the vulnerability of small-scale fishers in Murcielagos Bay, it is essential to have a clear understanding of our project timeline. Our project will span three months, starting in September 2025. The first month will involve obtaining permits, coordinating with local government units, training enumerators, and conducting initial focus group discussions and interviews. This will also be an opportunity to gather preliminary data on current hazards faced by these communities. In October 2025, our focus will shift to completing field data collection, finalizing hazard maps, and conducting preliminary analysis. This step is crucial in understanding the collected data and beginning our analysis. In the final month, November 2025, we will work on finalizing vulnerability classifications, preparing an adaptation matrix, and validating our findings with stakeholders. This is also when we will submit our reports and recommendations to relevant parties. It is important to note that each step in the timeline is crucial and must be carefully analyzed to ensure accurate and relevant strategies for these communities. As researchers in higher education, it is our responsibility to not only gather data, but also use it to create positive impact and promote sustainable solutions..

[Audio] In the following slides, we will discuss the expected outcomes of our study. These have been carefully crafted to address the vulnerability of small-scale fishers in Murcielagos Bay to the effects of climate change. Our research aims to provide science-based and locally relevant strategies to help these communities prepare for and adapt to the risks and capacities they are facing. The first expected outcome is an increase in climate resilience among the fishing communities. This will be achieved through targeted adaptation measures identified in our research. These measures will not only assist with immediate impacts, but also build long-term capacity to thrive in changing environmental conditions. Another important outcome is the improved adaptive capacity of these communities, including diversifying livelihoods and increasing access to support systems. Our study also seeks to contribute to evidence-based governance by providing policymakers with data on the vulnerability of these fishing communities. This will enable them to make more informed decisions and develop better policies to address challenges faced by small-scale fishers in Murcielagos Bay. Our study also emphasizes inclusive empowerment, ensuring marginalized groups are involved in decision-making and benefit from strategies and interventions. In summary, our study takes a holistic approach to addressing the vulnerability of small-scale fishers in Murcielagos Bay to climate change. Our goal is not only to mitigate current risks, but also empower these communities to thrive through informed decision-making and inclusive participation..

[Audio] Our study focuses on assessing the vulnerability of small-scale fishers in Murcielagos Bay to climate change, and identifying strategies to help them cope with the impacts on their livelihoods. The primary beneficiaries are the small-scale fishers who rely on the bay for their daily sustenance and income. Our study will also benefit secondary beneficiaries such as local government units, the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, and various fisherfolk organizations, who can use the results in their planning and decision-making processes. Additionally, academic institutions, non-governmental organizations, and the general public will indirectly benefit from our study through more sustainable fisheries and a secure supply of seafood. By considering the different levels of beneficiaries, we can better understand the implications and impacts of our study, and address the vulnerability of small-scale fishers in Murcielagos Bay to climate change..

[Audio] Slide 15 highlights the limitations of our project, as with any research. These must be considered when interpreting and applying our findings. The first limitation is the lack of geospatial mapping due to budget and technical constraints, potentially resulting in the omission of important spatial information regarding small-scale fishers in Murcielagos Bay. Furthermore, our data collection was limited to one season, lacking insight into potential seasonal variations in vulnerability. Additionally, the use of self-reported data may be susceptible to recall bias, potentially affecting the accuracy of the information. Lastly, the availability of hazard monitoring data impacted the precision of the exposure component, potentially influencing the accuracy of our vulnerability assessment. It is important to keep these limitations in mind when utilizing our findings and to continue seeking additional data and research to further enhance our understanding of small-scale fishers in Murcielagos Bay. With this in mind, let's move on to our conclusions and recommendations on slide 16..

[Audio] Our presentation will now cover slide number 16, focusing on our study on the vulnerability of small-scale fishers in Murcielagos Bay to the impacts of climate change. Our goal is to assess the risks and capacities of these fishing communities and provide tailored strategies based on scientific research. The CRVA will provide standardized and actionable data on the vulnerability of fishing communities in this area, which will serve as a crucial foundation for decision-making and policy development in fisheries management. Our study also aims to support climate-resilient fisheries management, which is vital for the sustainability of these communities and the protection of marine ecosystems. It is our responsibility to address the vulnerability of these fishers and ensure the preservation of their livelihoods and the environment. Our approach also prioritizes inclusivity, actively involving and considering the perspectives and needs of the local fishing communities. With evidence-based data and a sustainable approach, we are taking a vital step towards creating a more resilient and inclusive future for these fishers. Thank you for your attention, and we welcome any questions or feedback in our final slide..

[Audio] We would like to express our gratitude for taking the time to watch our training video on the vulnerability of small-scale fishers in Murcielagos Bay to climate change. In this final slide, we will provide a brief overview of the references used in our study. The key sources for our research include esteemed organizations such as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR), the National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI), the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC), and various academic journals. These references have played a crucial role in helping us understand the current risks and capacities of small-scale fishers in Murcielagos Bay, and in developing science-based and locally relevant strategies to address these challenges. We would like to extend our gratitude to these organizations for their valuable contributions to our study. Additionally, we would like to thank our audience for watching this presentation. We hope that the information presented will be useful in your own research and efforts to address the impacts of climate change on small-scale fishers. Thank you once again for your attention and for being a part of our training video. We look forward to seeing you in our future presentations. Have a wonderful day..