Contribution to English Language

Contribution to English Language. chomsky.info : Books & Book Excerpts.

Noam Chomsky- Discontinuity theory. Noam Chomsky, Writer and Father of Modern Linguistics.

Noam Chomsky- Discontinuity theory. Noam Chomsky a prominent proponent of discontinuity theory , argues that …. A single chance mutation occurred in one individual, 100,000 years ago. Instantaneously installing the language faculty.

Criticism. Scientific approach- language originated gradually by the evolution of pre-existing structures . Function of many organs is required . Language cannot be a product of one freak mutation..

Chomsky’s perspective – Biological perspective. Noam Chomsky believes that children are born with an inherited ability to learn any human language. He claims that certain linguistic structures which children use so accurately must be already imprinted on the child’s mind..

Chomsky believes that every child has a ‘language acquisition device’ or LAD (hypothetical tool hardwired into the brain) which encodes the major principles of a language and its grammatical structures into the child’s brain. Children have then only to learn new vocabulary and apply the syntactic structures from the LAD to form sentences..

Chomsky points out that a child could not possibly learn a language through imitation alone because the language spoken around them is highly irregular – adult’s speech is often broken up and even sometimes ungrammatical. Chomsky’s theory applies to all languages as they all contain nouns, verbs, consonants and vowels and children appear to be ‘hard-wired’ to acquire the grammar..

Every language is extremely complex, often with subtle distinctions which even native speakers are unaware of. However, all children, regardless of their intellectual ability, become fluent in their native language within five or six years..

Universal Grammar. In Chomsky’s view, children easily master language as they have innate knowledge of guiding principles of grammar. All languages in world share certain structural properties (noun, verb, adjective etc…) Share syntactic rules and principles, thus “Universal Grammar” is innate and embedded in human brain ..

Thus we immediately perceive that “Robert book reads the” is not correct English but still we have a good idea what it means. Conversely the sentence, ‘ colourless green ideas sleep furiously ’, is grammatically correct English, but not meaningful..

Educational Implications. 1)Teacher as a facilitator. 2)Teacher needs to create an interest in the child to acquire the language. 3)the teacher’s role in the transmission of learning is to keep the children engaged in the learning process and interested in exploration and independence. 4 ) As per Chomsky, language development starts at the birth in a child hence it is the duty of the teacher to give enough exposure to the child in his early days of learning. 5 ) The focus of the teacher should be on the students learning rather than the teachers teaching. 6 ) Intellectual development is impossible without language.

Contribution of R.K. Narayan. R. K. Narayan Childhood, Facts, Writers - ?. ?. ??????? ....

The full name of R. K. Narayan is Rasipuram Krishnaswami Iyer Narayanaswami , (1906-2001) belongs to the age of Indian Freedom Struggle of 20th century . He was an Indian writer, best known for his works set in the fictional South Indian town of Malgudi ..

11. Sr. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 MAJOR LITERARY CONTRIBUTION BY R. K. NARAYAN Novel/Books Swami and Friends The Bachelor of Arts The Dark Room The En 1ish Teacher Mr. Sam ath The Financial Ex ert Waitin for the Mahatma The Guide The Man Eater of Mal udi The Vendor of Sweets The Painter of Si n A Ti er for Mal udi Talkative Man The World of Na ara Grand Mother's Tale Published in Years 1935 1936 1938 1945 1949 1952 1955 1958 1962 1967 1967 1977 1986 1990 1992.

RK Narayan's Rules For Writers.

WRITING STYLE OF R.K. NARAYAN. natural element of humor focused on common people wrote about the workings of Indian society Critics have considered Narayan to be the Indian Chekhov, because of these similarities in their writings, the simplicity and the gentle beauty and humour in tragic situations ..

INDICATION OF MODERN SOCIAL REALITY. In the literary contribution of R. K. Narayan, we can certainly find the depiction of cultural events , patterns of civilization and traditional values but the distinctiveness of Narayan is the faithful, real representation of modern society, without any criticism, satire or remarks . Novels of Narayan are the expression of diverse problems of middle class society in which he has been all involved..

CHARACTERS. live creation of imaginative depiction they belong to common people of middle class they are dummy in the hands of God or Nature The non-heroes characters are finally evolve into heroes . Narayan’s characters stay dedicated to the search of correct meaning in life.

The main Characters. Jagan and Mali - The Vendor of the Sweet Raman and Daisy - The Painter of Signs Raju, the Tiger - A Tiger of Malgudi Sriram and Bharti - Waiting For the Mahatma Raju, Rosie and Marco - The Guide Dr.Rann and Talkative Man - Talkative Man Ramani, Savitri and Shantabai - The Dark Room Nataraj and Vasu - The Man Eater of Malgudi Swaminathan his friends Mani, Shankar, Somu, Samuel and Rajam (Swami and Friends) Chandran, Malathi and Sushila - The Bachelor of Arts Margayya, Balu, Dr. Pal - The Financial Expert Krishna, Sushila and Leela - The English Teacher Mr. Sampath and Srinivas - Mr. Sampath Nagraj and Sita - The World of Nagraj Bala (Grandmother's Tale).

Conclusion. The imaginative superiority of R. K. Narayan is unique . Easy and short way of telling story understanding of psychological behaviour of people practical approach towards the art of depiction smooth plot making and use of stylist writing make him the novelist of unique and intellect. R. K. Narayan’s novels give imaginative happiness to his readers..

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