COMPUTER GENERATIONs

COMPUTER GENERATIONs. Presented by: Jincy Augustine.

GENERATION OF COMPUTERS. Computers were developed in Five different phases known as the Generation of Computers..

First Generation (1942-1955). [image]. Vacuum Tubes were the main component in first generation computers.

First Generation. Advantages : i) these computers were the fastest calculating device of their time. They could perform computations in milliseconds. ii) vacuum tube technology made possible the advent of electronic digital computers..

First Generation. Disadvantages : Too bulky in size Air conditioning required to control the temperature Prone to frequent hardware failure. Commercial production was difficult andcostly. Slow input and output operations..

Second Generation (1955-1964). The second generation computer used Semi-conductor transistor instead of vacuum tubes . William Shockley invented Transistor.

Second Generation (1955-1964). Advantages : i)Smaller in size as compared to first generation computers ii) More reliable iii) Less heat generated. iv) Less prone to hardware failure.

Second Generation (1955-1964). Disadvantages : i) Air conditioning required ii) Manual assembly of individual componentsinto a functioning unit was a cumbersome task..

Third Generation (1964-1975). The third generation computers used Integrated Circuits (or IC Chips) in which many transistors, resistors, capacitors and other components (circuit elements) are fabricated or integrated and packaged together into a very small surface of silicon known as Chips. The IC was invented by Jack Kilby.

CD4011 - Quad 2-Input NAND Gate IC (pack of 20) - Prayog India.

Third Generation (1964-1975). Advantages i)Smaller in size as compared to previous generation ii) More reliable than second generation computers iii) Low maintenance cost iv) Easily portable v) Commercial production was easier and cheaper..

Third Generation. Disadvantages : i) Air conditioning required in many case ii) Highly sophisticated technology required for the manufacture of IC chips.

Fourth Generation (1975 onwards). Main Component used is Microprocessor. Technology used is VLSI(Very Large Scale Integration).

Fourth Generation. Advantages i) Smaller in size because of high component density ii) Heat generated is negligible iii) Much faster in computation then previous generations iv) Less power consumption v) No air conditioning is required in most cases.

Fourth Generation. Disadvantages : Highly sophisticated technology is required for the manufacturing of VLSI chips Highly skilled people are required in its manufacturing.

Fifth Generation (Future Generation: 1991 onwards ).

Fifth Generation. Characteristics of future generation computers : i) Decreasing cost of hardware and software ii) High speed processing iii) Knowledge based processing system iv) Development of natural language processing v) Advancement in supercomputer technology vi) Artificial Intelligence , think and behave like human (humanoid).

Fifth Generation. [image]. NAO the humanoid and programmable robot | SoftBank Robotics.

Second Generation Computers.