Chikungunya

[Audio] Chikungunya By: Mugdha Sharma. Chikungunya.

[Audio] Introduction Chikungunya fever is an infection caused by Chikungunya virus. It is transmitted by Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. It is a debilitating, but non- fatal, viral illness..

[Audio] Etiology Chikungunya virus is an alpha virus that belongs to the Togaviridae family. It is a single stranded RNA virus. It spreads by the bite of an infected mosquito. The incubation period can be 2-12 days, but is usually 3-7 days. Silent chikungunya virus infections do occur though rarely..

[Audio] Climate; hot, humid or rainy season. Pregnant women Newborns Cardiovascular, neurologic and respiratory diseases. Areas with stagnant or collected water. Risk factors.

[Audio] Pathophysiology human beings by the bite of a A. aegypti and A. albopictus mosquitoes Chikungunya is a vector r borne diseases chikungunya virus replicates in fibroblast of the dermis and then disseminated to the liver ,muscle lymphoid ,tissue, choroid plexes and joints It can be found in : Skin Muscle joint fibroblast complications include Encephalitis cardiovascular disease Hepatitis renal disease The incubation period of CHIKV is about 3-7 days Acute infection is associated with transient lymphopenia and neutropenia.

[Audio] Clinical manifestation Sudden onset of high fever, joint pain and rash. Headache Fatigue and nausea. Digestive complaints Conjunctivitis.

[Audio] Diagnostic evaluation Serological diagnosis ELISA test is used to detect immunoglobulin (IgM) RT-PCR test.

[Audio] Management There is no vaccine to prevent or to treat chikungunya virus. Treat the symptoms by the following: a. Complete bed rest. b. Drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration. Take medicine, such as acetaminophen or paracetamol to reduce fever and pain. Do not take aspirin and NSAIDs until dengue can be ruled out to reduce the risk of bleeding the first week..

[Audio] Prevention from mosquito bites for the first week or illness: a. During the first week of infection, chikungunya virus can be found in the blood and passed from an infected person to a mosquito through mosquito bites. b. An infected mosquito can then spread the virus to other people. Vector control: The aedes aegypti mosquito should be the main target of control activities. It requires active community involvement to keep water storage contained free of mosquitoes. Another techniques consisting of aerosol spray of ultra low volume quantities of malathion or sumithion. Use insect repellent containing DECT, picardin, oil of lemon eucalyptus on exposed skin. Wear long sleeves and pants..

[Audio] Complication Bullous skin lesions Hemorrhage Myocarditis Hepatitis Guillain Barre Syndrome.

[Audio] Prevention of Chikungunya fever Drink Drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration Have Have secured screens on windows and doors to keep mosquitoes out Limit Limit exposure to mosquito bites to avoid further spreading the infection Take Take medication as ordered Use Use eucalyptus oil Wear Wear bite proof long sleeves and trousers Do not let water Do not let water accumulate Keep Keep toilet seats down when not in use Keep Keep surroundings clean and check for overflowing garbage bins Use Use mosquito nets.

[Audio] Thank you. Thank you. Handshake.