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Photo Credit: Pearson Educational Corporate Digital Archive, © PhotoDisc, Inc. 2001.
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A drug is any substance, other than food, that changes the structure or function of the body. Some drugs, such as cocaine and heroin are illegal. Other drugs, such as penicillin and codeine are prescribed by doctors. Still other drugs, including cough medicines can be purchased over the counter. All drugs can be harmful if used improperly or abused..
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Drugs differ in the ways in which they affect the body. Some kill bacteria and are useful in treating disease. Others affect a particular system of the body. Others cause changes to the brain and synapses..
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Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall. Drugs That Affect the Synapse.
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Stimulants Stimulants increase heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate. In addition, stimulants increase the release of neurotransmitters at some synapses in the brain. Common stimulants include amphetamines, cocaine, nicotine, and caffeine..
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Depressants Depressants slow down heart rate and breathing rate, lower blood pressure, relax muscles, and relieve tension. Barbiturates, tranquilizers, and alcohol are some examples of depressants..
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Cocaine Cocaine causes the sudden release in the brain of a neurotransmitter called dopamine. Cocaine also acts as a powerful stimulant..
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Opiates Opiates mimic endorphins which normally help to overcome sensations of pain. Common opiates include morphine and codeine..
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Marijuana The most widely abused illegal drug is marijuana. Marijuana comes from Cannabis sativa, a hemp plant. Hashish, or hash, is a potent form of marijuana. The active ingredient in marijuana is THC..
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Long-term use of marijuana can result in: loss of memory inability to concentrate in males, reduced levels of the hormone testosterone in males.
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Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall. Alcohol What is the effect of alcohol on the body?.
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Alcohol is a depressant that slows down the rate at which the central nervous system functions. Alcohol slows down reflexes, disrupts coordination, and impairs judgment..
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Heavy drinking fills the blood with so much alcohol that the central nervous system cannot function properly. People who drink a lot of alcohol usually cannot walk or talk properly, and they are not able to safely control an automobile..
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Pregnant women who drink alcohol risk having a child with FAS. Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a group of birth defects caused by the effects of alcohol on the fetus. FAS can cause minor to serious brain damage, heart defects, malformed faces, delayed growth, and poor motor development..
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Alcohol and Disease People who have become addicted to alcohol suffer from a disease called alcoholism. If a person cannot function properly without satisfying the craving for alcohol, that person has an alcohol-abuse problem. Long-term alcohol use destroys liver cells..
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Drug Abuse Drug abuse is the intentional misuse of any drug for nonmedical purposes. Drug abuse can cause psychological dependence or serious physical damage to the body..
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Uncontrollable dependence on a drug is called an addiction. Some drugs cause a strong psychological dependence, or mental craving..
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Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall. 35–5.
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[image] A. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall. 35–5.
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[image] A. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall. 35–5.
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[image] A. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall. 35–5.
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[image] A. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall. 35–5.
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[image] A. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall. 35–5.
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