Identify basic concepts of Artificial Intelligence

[Audio] Today our topic is Identify basic concepts of Artificial Intelligence..

[Audio] Objectives of today lesson are given above..

[Audio] First, let us look at the Key words and definitions given below Artificial Intelligence: a subfield of Computer Science that aims to enable computers perform intelligently like humans based on sensory signals Machine Learning : is a cognitive computing process that enables a computer to think and act intelligently to simulate human behaviour based on specific training of data Big Data: as a major concept in Data Science demonstrating its importance in enabling Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence to simulate human behaviour Intelligent agents: in an Artificial Intelligence ecosystem are autonomous entities/ tools that sense, reason, learn, and act based on learning from data.

[Audio] Lesson 3: Artificial Intelligence ( AI) Applications.

[Audio] AI applications In this section, we will discuss different applications of the Artificial Intelligence in our lives Self-driving cars require a combination of AI techniques of many kinds: search and planning to find the most convenient route from A to B, computer vision to identify obstacles, and decision making under uncertainty to cope with the complex and dynamic environment. Each of these must work with almost flawless precision in order to avoid accidents. The same technologies are also used in other autonomous systems such as delivery robots, flying drones, and autonomous ships..

[Audio] Application 2: Speech Recognition applications Speech recognition is technology that can recognize spoken words, which can then be converted to text. A subset of speech recognition is voice recognition, which is the technology for identifying a person based on their voice. Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft, Google and Apple — five of the world's top tech companies — are already offering this feature on various devices through services like Google Home, Amazon Echo and Siri.

[Audio] Facial recognition is a system built to identify a person from an image or video. This technology has been around for decades, but its usage has become more noticeable, and accessible, in the past few years as it now powers innovative solutions, such as personal photo applications and secondary authentication for mobile devices..

[Audio] Real-life examples in an Artificial Intelligence ecosystem of a smart city What is Smart City? The conceptualization of Smart City, may vary from city to city and country to country depending on the level of development. But simply put, Smart City is an urban area that uses Information and Communication Technologies ( ICT) to ease up the livelihood of its people. It is a municipality that uses ICT to augment operational efficiency, share information with the public and improve both the quality of government services and citizen welfare. What is the aim of Smart City? The main purpose of Smart City is to create a society which can perform effectively and efficiently making effective use of city infrastructures through artificial intelligence. It also focuses to optimize city functions and drive economic growth while improving quality of life for its citizens using smart technology and data analysis..

[Audio] Follow the instructions given and complete the task..

Lesson 4: Intelligent Agents. abstract.

[Audio] Objectives of the lesson are given below..

[Audio] What are intelligent agents Intelligent Agents can be any entity or object like human beings, software, machines. These agents are capable of making decisions based on the inputs it receives from the environment using its sensors and acts on the environment using actuators. AI-Enabled agents collect input from the environment by making use of sensors like cameras, microphone or other sensing devices. The agents perform some real-time computation on the input and deliver output using actuators like screen or speaker. These agents have abilities like Real-Time problem solving, Error or Success rate analysis and information retrieval. Three Forms of Intelligent Agent: Intelligent Agent can come in any of the three forms, such as:- Human-Agent Robotic Agent Software Agent.

[Audio] Human-Agent: A Human-Agent use Eyes, Nose, Tongue and other sensory organs as sensors to percept information from the environment and uses limbs and vocal-tract as actuators to perform an action based on the information Robotic Agent: Robotics Agent uses cameras and infrared radars as sensors to record information from the Environment and it uses reflex motors as actuators to deliver output back to the environment. Software Agent: Software Agent use keypad strokes, audio commands as input sensors and display screen as actuators..

[Audio] Before moving forward, we should first know about sensors, effectors, and actuators. Sensor: Sensor is a device which detects the change in the environment and sends the information to other electronic devices. An agent observes its environment through sensors. Actuators: Actuators are the component of machines that converts energy into motion. The actuators are only responsible for moving and controlling a system. An actuator can be an electric motor, gears, rails, etc. Effectors: Effectors are the devices which affect the environment. Effectors can be legs, wheels, arms, fingers, wings, fins, and display screen..

[Audio] An intelligent agent is an autonomous entity which act upon an environment using sensors and actuators for achieving goals. An intelligent agent may learn from the environment to achieve their goals. A thermostat is an example of an intelligent agent. Following are the main four rules for an AI agent: Rule 1: An AI agent must have the ability to perceive the environment. Rule 2: The observation must be used to make decisions. Rule 3: Decision should result in an action. Rule 4: The action taken by an AI agent must be a rational action. Refer to the figure below to understand how the agent works..

[Audio] "An agent is a computer software system whose characteristics are situatedness, autonomy, adapitvity and sociability." Intelligent agents have four main characteristics: Situatedness When an Agent receives some form of sensory input from its environment, it then performs some actions that change its environment in some way. Autonomy This agent characteristic means that an agent is able to act without direct intervention from humans or other agents. This type of agent has almost complete control over it own actions and internal state. Adapitvity This agent characteristic means that it is capable of reacting flexibly to changes within its environment. It is able to accept goal directed initiatives when appropriate and is also capable of learning from it's own experiences, environment and interaction with others. Sociability This type of characteristic means that the agent is capable of interacting in a peer-to-peer manner with other agents or humans..

[Audio] Agent Characteristics The agent needs to be able to fulfil the tasks that are required from it, i.e. to achieve its goals. There are four main aspects that need to be taken into consideration when designing an intelligent agent. Percepts This is the information that the agent receives Actions This is what the agent needs to do or can do to achieve its objectives. Goals This is the factor that the agent is trying to achieve Environment The final aspect is the environment in which the agent will be working in. The environment in which the agent performs is probably the most important aspect that needs to be considered as this affects the outcome of the percepts, actions and goals..

[Audio] Intelligent Agents In A Smart City A smart city is a city which functions in a sustainable and intelligent way, by integrating all its infrastructures and services into a cohesive whole and using intelligent devices for monitoring and control, to ensure sustainability and efficiency..

[Audio] AI Domains There are AI domains where computers can simulate the human behaviour including understanding language, listening and speaking, remembering things, thinking, seeing, and moving. The following are some examples: The following are some examples Telemarketers Proofreading Receptionist Accountant Couriers.

[Audio] TELEMARKETERS Have you ever heard those annoying calls that want to market some product? Well, guess what. You will probably start receiving these kinds of calls from robots soon. Unlike other sales roles , telemarketers don't really require that much to be successful. And think about it are really likely to purchase from a telemarketer? Conversion rates for direct telephone sales are typically less than 10 percent, making this role one that will definitely be automated to reduce costs..

[Audio] Proofreading If you do a simple search over the internet you will definitely find many proofreading softwares and apps, like grammarly which more and more people have began to use. While editing is a more complex job, proofreading is a much simpler job that AI can do. Detecting grammar mistakes and other errors can easily be automated through different apps..

[Audio] Receptionist Automated phoning have the potential to replace the role of a receptionist in the near future. Even automated touchscreen system could replace this role very easily. This is already happening in many modern companies that can afford this technology. In fact, in two hospitals in Belgium, robots are already taking reception duties..

[Audio] End of Lesson. Next topic is Introduction to Artificial Intelligence.