Work, Health & Safety

Work, Health & Safety. CPCCWHS-1001. Chapter 1.

Introduction. In this chapter, as a continuation of your previous workplace induction training (Construction Induction White Card), you will learn about all aspects of working safely in the construction industry. You will learn about being aware of your own safety at all times, about having a duty of care to your fellow workers, and about Australian work health and safety laws, regulations and codes of practice..

Topic 1: Train to survive your first day at work.

Mandatory C onstruction Induction Training. In all Australian states and territories, it is mandatory for all construction workers: To train before they commence work on a construction worksite an identification card is issued to the successful participant This card must be carried by workers at all times while they are undertaking building and construction work.

Purpose of the Study. Train to survive your first day at work Know about duty of care: PPE, safety signage and personal wellbeing Avoid construction industry injuries Identify major health and safety risks Deal with emergencies on construction sites Know about Australian work health and safety legislation, regulations and codes of practice Analyze workplace hazards Prepare safe work method statements and job safety analysis Formulate work health and safety management plans.

Fig. 1.1 (a—d) Sample construction induction cards for some states—each state and territory has its own card WorkCover WORK HEALTH AND SAFETY GENERAL CONSTRUCTION INDUCTION (b) WorkSafe WA Issued to OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY CONSTRUCTION INDUCTION Issue Date John James Citizen Date Of Birth 01/01/1987 Date Of Issue 01 /06,'2019 Custom White Signature Panel CardNo 000000 100001 Card NO. (c) Tasmaman Government 12345 RTO No. WORK SAFETY GENERAL CONSTRUCTION INDUCTION Date Of Birth Issue Date Queensland Cardholder's name RTO No- Card NO. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY CONSTRUCTION INDUCTION Date Of birth Issue date Source: Irnage supglied by NSW: (b) WorkSate Western Austrob.a IDMIRSE (c) WorkSate Tasmania: (dl Office of Industrial Relations. Oueenuand.

Site-Specific I nduction Training. Site-specific induction training is also an opportunity for the employer or the site manager to: S ight and confirm that the worker has completed their general induction training and record the details of their general induction card E xplain the safety rules that apply to that worksite E xplain site emergency procedures and the location of the emergency assembly area P rovide the location of first-aid stations and where site amenities are located. On completion of this training, the site manager will record the workers who undertook the training an d, on some projects , issue a card or sticker to indicate their participation and that their site induction training is up to date or current (see Fig. 1.2)..

Site inducted Project Name Date Number. Fig. 1.2 Site induction hard hat sticker.

Work Activity Training. Where there is a new work situation that requires workers to carry out work in which they have no experience, employers must provide appropriate work activity training to ensure that those workers can undertake the work safely If the work is of a high -risk or hazardous nature, the employer will provide workers with a copy of a safe work method statement..

Work Activity Training. Work classified as high risk includes that which involves: a risk of falling more than 2 meters work carried out on a telecommunication tower the demolition of load-bearing elements of a structure the disturbance of asbestos work requiring temporary support of structural components a confined space excavation greater than 1.5 meters deep tunneling the use of explosives work near pressurized gas mains or pipes work on or near chemical, fuel or refrigerant lines work near energized electrical installations/services a potentially contaminated or flammable atmosphere tilt-up or pre-cast concrete construction a location on, in or adjacent to a road, railway, shipping lane or other traffic corridor that is in use by traffic a location near a powered mobile plant artificial extremes of temperature a location near water or other liquid that involves a risk of drowning diving..

Nationally Accredited T raining. Formal off-job training in a specific occupation or skill combined with on-job training and supervision by a qualified and competent person is a pathway to a safe workplace for all workers. Some examples of Australian national construction qualifications are shown in Table 1.1 ..

Safe Operating Procedures : Traditional apprenticeships and entry-level vocational training that result in a national qualification under the Australian Qualifications Framework will provide specific trade training combined with safe operating procedures to safely carry out specific trade work (Fig. 1.3)..

Topic 2: Know About Duty of Care: PPE, Safety signage & Personal Wellbeing.

Personal Protective Equipment. PPE provided by employers could include such it ems as : safety glasses, goggles or face shields overalls or workpants high-visibility clothing high-visibility reflective vests jackets steel-capped boots rubber boots earplugs or earmuffs gloves- leather or rubber respirators or dust masks hard hats caps or hair nets wide-brimmed hats UV protective sunscreen or clothing knee pads arm guards Aprons..

Safety Signage. A range of safety signage is used on construction worksites. For large worksites where there are many workers undertaking a wide range of work activities, there are many different safety signs..

Safety Signage. Warning signs are generally yellow with black lettering and a hazard symbol inside a black triangle (Fig. 1.7). The hazard may not be life-threatening but may indicate an activity where extreme caution must still be exercised..

Safety Signage. Emergency information signs consist of a white symbol, lettering or both, often on a green background. Information can include the siting of emergency exits and assembly points, first -aid stat ions or kits, emergency eye wash or showers and safety equipment (Fig. 1.8)..

Safety Signage. (c) TONES. FIAN- Courtesy of Alister Ford EVACUATION DIAGRAM.

Personal Wellbeing. Every day when you go to work, you and all other workers have the right to a safe environment, both physically and mentally. You have the right to be able to safely carry out all of your tasks for the day, then return home . i)Drugs and alcohol ii)Smoking in the workplace iii ) Bullying, harassment and discrimination.

Personal Wellbeing. i) Drugs and alcohol: Drugs and alcohol should not be used or consumed by anyone on any building site at any time. Anyone presenting for work under the influence of alcohol or drugs should be removed from the workplace immediately and appropriate arrangement s made for them to be transported home or to a medical facility if required..

Personal Wellbeing. ii ) Smoking in the workplace Smoking is not an illegal activity, but many construction sites are now smoke-free or have designated areas or site sheds where smoking is allowed. If you are a smoker, you must not smoke anywhere on the building site except in these designated area s. Any no-smoking signage must be noted and adhered to..

Personal Wellbeing. iii) Bullying, harassment and discrimination Any form of bullying, be it intentional or unintentional, on the construction site is totally unacceptable. Sometimes a person may unknowingly bully someone, thinking it is just a harmless joke or part of an initiation. Any behavior of this type needs to cease the moment it is identified and reported if required. Forms of bullying may include : Verbal abuse, insulting remarks, teasing, mocking, threats or unwarranted criticism, physical intimidation, violence, deliberate exclusion tampering with, or deliberate damage to personal property, tools or work being undertaken..

Personal Wellbeing. Sexual harassment Forms of sexual harassment can include: whistling comments of a sexual nature uninvited physical contact offensive messaging or commenting via social media Subjecting someone to offensive material taunting or making comments about a person's presumed sexuality or private life..

Personal Wellbeing. Discrimination Employers are now subject to all federal anti-discrimination laws, meaning that everyone has an equal opportunity to apply for and be given due consideration for any job that may be available to be filled. In other words, everyone gets a 'fair go'. Some of the major discrimination acts include: Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1986 Disability Discrimination Act 1992 Racial Discrimination Act 1975 Sex Discrimination Act 1984 Age Discrimination Act 2004..

Topic 3: Avoid Construction I ndustry I njuries. Fatal injuries Injuries.

Fatal injuries. From the beginning of 2014 until the end of 2018, a total of 156 workers in the Australian construct ion industry lost their lives while at work . The construct ion services sector accounted for 92 of the se fatalities, the building and construction sector for 42, and the heavy and civil engineering construct ion sector for 22 . Of the 42 fatalities in the building and construction sector, 23 occurred in the residential building construct ion area and 19 were in the non-residential building construction area..

Construction subdivision and mechanism No. of fatalities % of fatalities Construction services 92 59% Falls from a height 31 20% Vehicle collision' 15 10% Being hit by falling objects 11 7% Contact with electricity 10 6% Being trapped between stationary and moving objects 7 4% Being hit by moving objects 6 4% Being trapped by moving machinery 4 3% Slide or cave-in 3 2% Rollover of non-road vehicle 2 1% Other mechanism s 3 2% Building construction 42 27% Falls from a height 18 12% Being hit by falling objects 9 6% Being hit by moving objects 5 3% Contact with electricity 3 2% Vehicle collision' 2 1% Being trapped between stationary and moving objects 2 1% Other mechanisms 3 2% Heavy and civil engineering construction 22 14% Being hit by moving objects 9 6% Vehicle col lision * 3 2% Being trapped between stationary and moving objects 2 1% Falls from a height 2 1% Being hit by fallin g objects 2 1% Other mechanism s 4 3% Construction 5-year total 156 100%.

Injuries. In 2017 -18, the number of serious injury claims (13,855) in the construction industry was at its highest for the past 19 years, rising by 7% in total from 20 00 - 01 until the end of 2018 . Of the 19 listed industry divisions, the construction industry is one of only five industry divisions to record a rise in serious claims ..

Topic 4: Identify major health and safety risks. Working at heights Ladders Scaffolding Falling objects Trucks, excavators, bobcats, backhoes and forklifts Manual handling Hazardous substances.

Working At Heights. Table 1.4 Worker fatalities: Construction industry, falls from a height fatalities by breakdown agency, 2014 to 2018 (combined) Falls from a height: breakdown agency Buildings and other structures Ladders Openings in floors, walls or ceilings Scaffolding Doors and windows Other agencies Construction 5-year total—falls from a height No. of fatalities 18 9 4 3 3 14 51 % of fatalities 35% 18% 8% 6% 6% 100% Note: The percentages shown in this table have been rounded to the nearest whole number; therefore, the sum of percentage figures for each column may not equal the total. -mvrtesv oi Snfe Work Australia CC BY-NC 4 0 https•"rreativecommons orq/iirenses/hv-n,-j4 0,'.

Ladders. THE RIGHT WAY Step in good condition Right height for the job - no overreaching Good grip - 3 points Of contact Facing front towards work Correct footwear Clean treads Four feet in good condition Firm and level base 6 THE WRONG WAY Overhead hazard Wrong height step for the job — overreaching No grip on step - only 2 points of contact Standing on top handrail Incorrect footwear Loose tools Working side-on Slippery treads uneven, soft ground - no flat board Damaged stiles and treads Missing feet.

Ladders. SAFETY TIPS Safe work on ladders Ladders should be rated at 150 kg for industrial use. Ensure ladder is long enough to extend to a height of 1 meter above a roof. Ladders must extend at least 1 meter above the highest rung being stood on or as far as possible above the level where work is being carried out. Set up on a solid and stable surface. Place ladder at a slope of 4:1. Secure top and bottom of ladder to stop slipping. Ensure the ladder is in good condition-inspect it. Use a tool belt to carry materials and tools. Maintain three points of contact when climbing or working from a lad der . Wear covered slip-resistant shoes. Only one person on a ladder at any time. Always face the ladder when ascending or descending. Do not climb higher than the third rung from the top of the ladder ..

Scaffolding. ääVlUFÅäiiiii. Fig. 1.11 (a) Perimeter scaffold with a fully decked working platform, guardrails and toe boards; (b) mobile scaffold with an access ladder and trapdoor.

Scaffolding. SAFETY TIPS Safe work on scaffolding Check the scaffolding for faults before using it and when you first get on it. Enter or exit the scaffolding via designated ladder bays or stair bays only. Scaffolding should be kept clear of power lines . Do not overload scaffolding. Do not alter the scaffolding unless you are authorized and qualified. Keep the scaffolding clear of debris and obstructions ..

Scaffolding. A DANGER CAUTION. Fig. 1.12 (a) Boom-type elevated work platform; (b) control panel.

Falling objects. Anyone working in the construction industry will at times be faced with the hazard of work being carried out overhead. .Normally there will be barriers and signs to prevent anyone from passing through or working in such a hazardous area, or there will be protective hoardings to protect passers-by or anyone working below an active work area . When materials or equipment are being Fig. 1.13 Hard hats must be worn in 'hard hat areas ' transferred from the ground level to a higher level by cranes or hoists: do not work or walk directly under the equipment or materials as they are raised stay outside any barricaded area beneath a crane or hoist if there are no barricades, don't go near any area under the crane or hoist take into account the height the materials or equipment will be raised to and the type of materials or equipment being raised tubes, planks, bricks or bags of materials will breaks suddenly. Materials being raised by a crane be scattered outwards if a chain or wire rope The higher the materials or equipment are above the ground, the greater the distance they will be spread across below..

Falling objects. Normally there will be a crane chaser or dogman on the ground to direct workers and passers-by a safe distance away from the hazardous area, but it is far better to avoid such hazardous areas altogether until the materials and equipment have been moved..

Trucks, excavators, bobcats, backhoes and forklifts.

Trucks, excavators, bobcats, backhoes and forklifts.

Trucks, excavators, bobcats, backhoes and forklifts.

Trucks, excavators, bobcats, backhoes and forklifts.

Trucks, excavators, bobcats, backhoes and forklifts.

Trucks, excavators, bobcats, backhoes and forklifts.

Trucks, excavators, bobcats, backhoes and forklifts.

Trucks, excavators, bobcats, backhoes and forklifts.

Trucks, excavators, bobcats, backhoes and forklifts.

Hazardous substances. Asbestos Asbestos is considered a hazardous substance and is also carcinogenic. Diseases such as mesothelioma and asbestosis, which are associated with asbestos exposure, were responsible for 90 fatalities in the construction industry over the six-year period from 2005-06 to 2010-11. Asbestos cement, or 'fibro', was used until the late 1980s. It was commonly used in residential construction for wet area linings in bathrooms and laundries, for the eaves lining on brick veneer cottages and for a variety of external cladding profiles, including smooth sheeting on timber -framed cottages (Fig. 1.18 ). The asbestos fibres can be exposed (Fig. 1.19) and become airborne and also collect among other debris that has to be removed. When undertaking any demolition, it is recommended that a Pl or P2 mask or respirator be worn as these are designed to protect the wearer against a range of fine particles including asbestos (Fig. 1.20). However, they do not provide protection against to xic fumes or gases. Cheap dust masks for protection against 'nuisance dusts' are completely unsuitable for any construction work and offer little protection against any fine particles. Asbestos is removed by specialist licensed contractors who are trained and qualified..

Hazardous substances. Bonded asbestos can be damaged by: high-pressure water cleaners grinding saw cutting drilling snapping or breaking up compressed air abrasive blasting abrasive power tools pneumatic tools..

Crystalline Silica. What is crystalline silica? Crystalline silica is a naturally occurring mineral found in many types of rock or soil, which, when used in the construction industry, can be found in products such as: concrete and associated aggregates cement mortar sand stone composite or engineered stone bricks/ blocks (clay or cement) autoclaved aerated concrete grout ceramic tiles natural sandstone granite asp halt..

Crystalline Silica. The dust generated when working with these products, commonly known as silica dust, can be extremely harmful if inhaled into the lungs, and can cause silicosis, along with other illnesses and diseases, including lung cancer, emphysema, bronchitis and kidney disease. Workers using any of the products listed above, or any other silica-containing materials and carrying out work on these products, such as: grinding cutting drilling sanding polishing abrasive blasting demolishing crushing jack hammering transporting (loading, unloading) dry sweeping..