Chapter 5

Chapter 5. Innovative EC Systems E-Learning E-Government C2C Commerce Collaborative Commerce.

Learning Objectives. Describe various e-government initiatives. Describe e-government activities and implementation issues including e-government 2.0 and m-government. Describe e-learning, virtual universities, and e-training. Describe e-books and their readers. Describe knowledge management and dissemination as an e-business. Describe and discuss online advisory systems. Describe collaborative e-commerce. Describe collaboration 2.0. Describe C2C activities in e-commerce..

E-Government: An Overview. e-government: e-commerce model in which a government entity buys or provides goods, services, or information to businesses or individual citizens..

G2C G2B • • Reduce the time needed to interact with the government Create a friendly single point access to government services for individuals Reduce the time spent in finding federal jobs Reduce the average time for citizens to find benefits and determine eligibility Increase the number of citizens who use the Internet to find information on recreational opportunities Meet the high public demand for information Improve the value of government services to its citizens Expand access to information for people with disabilities Make obtaining financial assistance from the government easier, cheaper, quicker, and more comprehensible • Increase the ability for businesses to find, view, and comment on rules and regulations Reduce the burden on businesses by enabling online filing of taxes and other documents Reduce the time to fill out export forms and locate related information Reduce the time for businesses to comply with government regulations G2G IEE • • • Decrease time needed to respond to emergency incidents by government agencies Reduce the time to verify public records Increase the number of grant programs available for electronic applications Increase efficiency of communication between federal, state, local, and tribal governments Improve collaboration with foreign partners, including governments and institutions Automate internal processes to reduce costs within the federal government by disseminating the best practices across agencies • • • • Increase availability of training programs for government employees Reduce the average time to process clearance forms Increase use of e-travel services within each agency Reduce time and overhead costs to purchase gcx»ds and services throughout the federal government Plan IT investments more effectivel. Secure better services at a lower cost Cut government operating costs.

government-to-citizens (G2C): e-government category that includes all the interactions between a government and its citizens via citizen portals. Electronic Voting: Voting processes may be subject to errors, manipulation, and fraud. The voting process encompasses technological and social activities: registration, authentication, forming of votes, and totaling of results. Electronic Benefits Transfer (EBT): The government transfers benefits to its citizens on a regular basis. The government deliver benefits to recipients’ bank accounts or through the use of smart cards as recipients can load the money onto the cards and use the cards at automated teller machines (ATMs), point-of-sale locations, and grocery and other stores, just like other prepaid value cards..

government-to-business (G2B): e-government category that includes interactions between governments and businesses (government selling to businesses and providing them with services and businesses selling products and services to the government) Government E-Procurement: g overnments buy large amounts of MROs directly from suppliers. In many cases, RFQ (or tendering) systems are mandated by law. RFQs were done manually; the systems are now moving online. These systems utilize reverse (buy-side) auction systems. Group Purchasing: A related aspect is quantity discount, where suppliers post prices that get lower as quantities of orders increase. Forward E-Auctions: governments auction equipment surpluses or other goods through the Internet..

government-to-government (G2G): e-government category that includes activities within or between government units. government-to-employees (G2E): e-government category that includes activities and services between government units and their employees. Internal Efficiency and Effectiveness (IEE): a utomation - including e-commerce - provides an opportunity to significantly improve operations..

Implementing e-government: government entities want to become digital. Therefore, one can find a large number of EC applications in government organizations. The transformation to e-government: transformation from traditional delivery of government services to full implementation of e-government may be a lengthy process. Government 2.0: how government makes use of Web 2.0 technologies to interact with citizens and provide government services b y employing social media tools and social networks, government agencies can raise the effectiveness of their online activities to meet users’ needs at a reasonable cost..

mobile government (m-government): the wireless implementation of e-government mostly to citizens but also to businesses Some Implementation Issues: An expensive infrastructure may be needed. More infrastructures are needed for the wireless systems as well as for the increased volume of information flow. It may be difficult to maintain security and privacy of information on public mobile networks. For many citizens, mobile devices are too small or complex to use. In many countries there is a lack of standards and legislation regarding the use of data delivered wirelessly. Applications: e.g., city government–run bus location system in Honolulu, Hawaii called ‘ DaBus ’ . Using your cell phone, you can find the estimated arrival time of any of the buses..

E-Learning. eLearning: the online delivery of information for purposes of education, training, or knowledge management E-learning is broader than online learning (online learning refers exclusively to Web-based learning), while E-learning includes m-learning (or mobile learning ) that is used when the material is delivered wirelessly to smartphones, tablets, or other mobile devices..

Benefits of e-learning: Convenient education. Saving time. Cost reduction. Large number and diversity of learners. Innovative teaching through methods such as special engagements, interaction with experts, interaction with learners in other countries, and so forth. Ability to assess progress Richness and quality through the use of top instructors as well as rich multimedia support. Flexibility. Updated and consistent teaching material. Ability to learn from mobile devices. Fear-free environment especially for who may not wish to join a face-to-face group discussion or interact with peers or teachers..

Drawbacks of e-learning: Need for instructor retraining. Equipment needs and support services. Lack of face-to-face interaction and campus life style. Assessments and examinations. Maintenance and updating. Protection of intellectual property. Student retention..

EXHIBIT 5.3 Tutors The Drivers of E-Learnin Increasing cost of conventional education Technological changes and innovations, e-books Competition and cost pressures Need to train people in different locations and time zones Availability of educational materials and content online E-Learning E-Training Globalization Internets, Intranets Virtual Universities and Classrooms Virtual worlds and social neWorking On-Demand On-the-Job Education Lifelong Learning Teachers Learners.

Distance learning: formal education that takes place off campus, usually, but not always, through online resources Virtual university: an online university from which students take classes from home or other offsite locations, usually via the Internet Online corporate training: done via intranets and corporate portals for employees. Social learning: learning, training, and knowledge sharing in social networks..

Learning in virtual worlds and Second Life: users can participate in simulations, role-plays, construction projects, and social events. Many see virtual worlds as an opportunity to carry out learning projects that would be impossible in the real world. Visual interactive simulation: uses computer graphic displays to present the impact of evaluating alternative solutions to problems. It differs from regular graphics in that the user can manipulate the decision-making process and see the results of the interventions..

Electronic book (e-book): a book in digital form that can be read on a computer screen or on a special device Devices for Reading E-Books: The major device used to read an e-book is an e-reader. Advantages and Limitations of E-Books: Ability to store hundreds of books on a small mobile device. Lower cost to buyers. Searchable text Instant delivery via downloads from anywhere. Portability Easy integration of content from several sources. Durability—they are built stronger than a traditional book. Ability to enlarge the font size for easy reading and to add light if needed. Media rich (audio, color, video, etc.). Minimal cost for printing out a hard copy. Good readability in bright sunlight (able to read books outdoors) Easy updating of content. Easy to find out-of-print books..

KM, Learning & E-Commerce. Knowledge Management (KM): The process of capturing or creating knowledge, storing it, updating it, disseminating it, and using it. KM types : human capital: includes employee knowledge, competencies, intelligence, and creativity; Organizational capital: includes stored organizational experiences (e.g., best practices, patents, manuals, teaching materials); and customer and partner capital: includes experience of customers and business partners KM activities Create knowledge Capture knowledge Refine knowledge Store knowledge Manage knowledge Disseminate knowledge.

Knowledge sharing Knowledge is of limited value if not updated and shared. Shared knowledge can decrease risk and uncertainty and facilitate problem solving. How is knowledge management related to e-commerce? Core KM activities for companies engaging in EC should include: Knowledge creation involves using various tools to analyze transaction data and generate new ideas. Knowledge capture and codification includes gathering new knowledge and storing it. Knowledge classification organizes knowledge Knowledge distribution is sharing information Knowledge utilization involves the appropriate application of knowledge to problem solving knowledge evolution entails updating knowledge as time progresses..

KM and social networks: a major place of knowledge creation and sharing is in online communities, including social networks. automated question/answer (QA) system: A system that locates, extracts, and provides specific answers to user questions expressed in natural language expert location systems (ELS): Interactive computerized systems that help employees find and connect with colleagues who have expertise required for specific problems—whether they are across the country or across the room—in order to solve specific, critical business problems in seconds.

C2C EC. Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) EC: E-commerce model in which consumers sell directly to other consumers E-commerce: C2C applications C2C Auctions Classified Ads Personal Services File-Sharing Utilities: Napster and Others C2C Activities in Social Networks and Trading Virtual Properties.

Collaborative Commerce. Collaborative commerce (c-commerce): The use of digital technologies that enable companies to collaboratively plan, design, develop, manage, and research products, services, and innovative EC applications Collaboration hub (c-hub): The central point of control for an e-market; a single c-hub, representing one e-market owner, can host multiple collaboration spaces (c-spaces) in which trading partners use c-enablers to exchange data with the c-hub.

Barriers to c-commerce: Lack of internal integration and standards. Network security and privacy concerns. Doubt over who has access to and control of information. Internal resistance to information sharing and to new approaches and lack of company skills to conduct c-commerce are also possible factors. agreement on how to share costs and benefits can also prove problematic. global collaboration may be complicated by additional barriers ranging from language and cultural misunderstandings to insufficient budgeting..