Cellular Communication & Introduction to Drug Action (MEDI 2109)

Pharmacology Component. Cellular Communication & Introduction to Drug Action (MEDI 2109).

Instructor Musbah Tanira Department: Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy References: Medical Sciences Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews, Pharmacology Supplementary PP presentations.

At the end of this lecture, the student should be able to: Define the terms: drug, pharmacology, pharmacy, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics , pharmacotherapeutics , pharmacoepidemiology , pharmacoeconomics , toxicity, toxicant, poison, toxicology, toxin/venom and toxinology Describe the different routes of drug administration and their advantages and disadvantages Define the term generic drug name and list other types of names used to identify drugs Describe the various phases of drug development and the purpose of each phase.

Drying a plant, a vegetable or an animal (or a part thereof) yield a substance that may be used as a medicament (from French “drogue” = dried herb) A substance that is used to cure , diagnose , prevent , and/or control disease: cure e.g. amoxicillin (antibiotics in treatment of chest infection) diagnose e.g. atropine (to dilate the eye pupil for examination) prevent & control e.g. (vaccine, anti-malarial drugs in travel) It might also refer to any biologically active chemical compound which is taken with the intent of producing a change in the body e.g. cosmetics, substance of abuse and food constituents.

Botanic Opium (morphine) pain relief Microorganisms Fungus (penicillin) antibacterial Animals Snake venom ( captopril ) hypertension Marine Bryozoan ( bryostatin ) cytotoxic Synthetic.

Greek pharmakos = a medicine or a drug, logos = study Is the science of the interaction of chemicals with living systems It involves studying: mechanism of action, uses, side effects etc. is pharmacology synonymous to pharmacy ? Pharmacy is: the science of preparing , compounding and dispensing chemicals for medicinal use History of pharmacology initially most medicines were of botanical or zoological origin; but there were difficulties in isolation, purification and chemical characterization of the active compound F. Serturner isolated morphine (first pure drug) in 1805 Aspirin® - first synthetic drug, 1899 Since 1950’s, there was large increase in synthetic organic chemicals.

smurfs_papai. Out of about 10,000 newly synthesized substances are investigated as potential drugs. Ultimately, only 1-10 of the10,000 remain as potential candidate It takes ~ 10-15 years to develop a new drug with an initial cost of $750-$1,000 million spent on the development However, a new drug might have a greater than $10 billion yearly sales.