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CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURES. TYPES OF IMPLICATURE IMPLICATURE IN COMMUNICATION.
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A. IMPLICATURE and TYPES OF IMPLICATURE. Implicature: Meaning beyond what is explicitly said Grice’s distinction: Natural meaning: Non-intentional (e.g., “Those clouds mean rain”) Nonnatural meaning: Intentional (e.g., “masticate” means “chew”) Types of implicature: Conversational (context-dependent) Conventional (context-independent).
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TYPES OF IMPLICATURE. meaning natural meaning what is said nonnatural meaning what is implicated conventionally conversationally generalized particularized.
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1. CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURE (Hàm ngôn hội thoại).
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1.1 GENERALIZED CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURE (HÀM NGÔN HỘI THOẠI TỔNG QUÁT).
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1.2 PARTICULARIZED CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURE (HÀM NGÔN HỘI THOẠI CỤ THỂ).
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1.2 PARTICULARIZED CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURE (HÀM NGÔN HỘI THOẠI CỤ THỂ).
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Generalized vs. Particularized. Example: “It’s going to rain tomorrow” Implicates: “The speaker believes it will rain and has reason to believe so” Is this a particularized implicature or generalized (declarative utterance)? The distinction between generalized and particularized implicatures can be blurry, depending on how one defines the class of utterances..
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2. CONVENTIONAL IMPLICATURE (Hàm ngôn ước định). What is Conventional Implicature? Conventional implicature refers to a non-truth-conditional meaning associated with a particular linguistic expression. It is context-independent: the implicature arises regardless of the specific situational context..